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(Created page with "==Key Stage 5== ===Meaning=== '''Quarks''' are a type of fermion and are the constituent parts of hadrons. ===About Quarks=== : '''Quarks''' are believed to be Fund...")
 
(→‎About Quarks)
 
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==Key Stage 5==
 
==Key Stage 5==
 
===Meaning===
 
===Meaning===
−
'''Quarks''' are a type of [[fermion]] and are the constituent parts of [[hadron]]s.
+
'''Quarks''' ('''q''') are a type of [[fermion]] and are the constituent parts of [[hadron]]s.
  
 
===About Quarks===
 
===About Quarks===
 +
: The '''quark''' is denoted with a lower case '''q'''.
 
: '''Quarks''' are believed to be [[Fundamental Particle|fundamental particles]] but they have never been observed on their own.
 
: '''Quarks''' are believed to be [[Fundamental Particle|fundamental particles]] but they have never been observed on their own.
 
: '''Quarks''' always exist as part of [[hadron]] including a [[baryon]], which is a triplet of [[quark]]s or a [[meson]] which is a [[quark]]-[[antiquark]] pair.
 
: '''Quarks''' always exist as part of [[hadron]] including a [[baryon]], which is a triplet of [[quark]]s or a [[meson]] which is a [[quark]]-[[antiquark]] pair.
 
: There are 6 types of [[quark]] including:
 
: There are 6 types of [[quark]] including:
−
:*[[Up-quark]] - With a [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of <math>+\frac{2}{3}</math>, two of which are found in [[proton]] and one of which is found in a [[neutron]].
+
:*[[Up-quark]] (u) - With a [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of <math>+\frac{2}{3}</math>[[Elementary Charge|e]], two of which are found in [[proton]] and one of which is found in a [[neutron]].
−
:*[[Down-quark]] - With a [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of <math>-\frac{1}{3}</math>, two of which are found in a [[neutron]] and one of which is found in a [[proton]].
+
:*[[Down-quark]] (d) - With a [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of <math>-\frac{1}{3}</math>[[Elementary Charge|e]], two of which are found in a [[neutron]] and one of which is found in a [[proton]].
−
:*[[Strange-quark]] - With a [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of <math>-\frac{1}{3}</math> which [[Radioactive Decay|decays]] quickly via the [[Weak Nuclear Interaction|weak interaction]] into a [[down-quark]].
+
:*[[Strange-quark]] (s) - With a [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of <math>-\frac{1}{3}</math>[[Elementary Charge|e]] which [[Radioactive Decay|decays]] quickly via the [[Weak Nuclear Interaction|weak interaction]] into a [[down-quark]].
−
:*[[Top-quark]] - With a [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of <math>+\frac{2}{3}</math> which [[Radioactive Decay|decays]] quickly via the [[Weak Nuclear Interaction|weak interaction]].
+
(The following are not on all A-level syllabi)
−
:*[[Bottom-quark]] - With a [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of <math>-\frac{1}{3}</math> which [[Radioactive Decay|decays]] quickly via the [[Weak Nuclear Interaction|weak interaction]].
+
:*[[Top-quark]] (t) - With a [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of <math>+\frac{2}{3}</math>[[Elementary Charge|e]] which [[Radioactive Decay|decays]] quickly via the [[Weak Nuclear Interaction|weak interaction]].
−
:*[[Charm-quark]] - With a [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of <math>+\frac{2}{3}</math> which [[Radioactive Decay|decays]] quickly via the [[Weak Nuclear Interaction|weak interaction]].
+
:*[[Bottom-quark]] (b) - With a [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of <math>-\frac{1}{3}</math>[[Elementary Charge|e]] which [[Radioactive Decay|decays]] quickly via the [[Weak Nuclear Interaction|weak interaction]].
 +
:*[[Charm-quark]] (c) - With a [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of <math>+\frac{2}{3}</math>[[Elementary Charge|e]] which [[Radioactive Decay|decays]] quickly via the [[Weak Nuclear Interaction|weak interaction]].
  
 
===Conserved Quantities===
 
===Conserved Quantities===
 +
{| border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse"
 +
|+ Properties of the '''quarks'''.
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|'''[[Quark]]'''
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|[[Electrical Charge|'''Charge''']]/[[Elementary Charge|e]]
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|'''[[Strangeness]]'''
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|'''[[Conservation of Baryon Number|Baryon Number]]'''
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|'''[[Conservation of Lepton Number|Lepton Number]]'''
 +
|-
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|
 +
[[Up-quark]]
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>Q=+\frac{2}{3}</math>
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>S=0</math>
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>B=+\frac{1}{3}</math>
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>L=0</math>
 +
|-
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|
 +
[[Down-quark]]
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>Q=-\frac{1}{3}</math>
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>S=0</math>
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>B=+\frac{1}{3}</math>
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>L=0</math>
 +
|-
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|
 +
[[Strange-quark]]
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>Q=-\frac{1}{3}</math>
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>S=-1</math>
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>B=+\frac{1}{3}</math>
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>L=0</math>
 +
|-
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|
 +
[[Top-quark]]
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>Q=+\frac{2}{3}</math>
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>S=0</math>
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>B=+\frac{1}{3}</math>
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>L=0</math>
 +
|-
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|
 +
[[Bottom-quark]]
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>Q=-\frac{1}{3}</math>
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>S=0</math>
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>B=+\frac{1}{3}</math>
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>L=0</math>
 +
|-
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|
 +
[[Charm-quark]]
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>Q=+\frac{2}{3}</math>
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>S=0</math>
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>B=+\frac{1}{3}</math>
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>L=0</math>
 +
|}
 +
 +
{| border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse"
 +
|+Properties of the [[antiquark]]s
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|'''[[Antiquark]]'''
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|[[Electrical Charge|'''Charge''']]/[[Elementary Charge|e]]
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|'''[[Strangeness]]'''
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|'''[[Conservation of Baryon Number|Baryon Number]]'''
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|'''[[Conservation of Lepton Number|Lepton Number]]'''
 +
|-
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|
 +
[[Antiup-quark]]
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>Q=-\frac{2}{3}</math>
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>S=0</math>
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>B=-\frac{1}{3}</math>
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>L=0</math>
 +
|-
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|
 +
[[Antidown-quark]]
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>Q=+\frac{1}{3}</math>
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>S=0</math>
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>B=-\frac{1}{3}</math>
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>L=0</math>
 +
|-
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|
 +
[[Antistrange-quark]]
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>Q=+\frac{1}{3}</math>
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>S=+1</math>
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>B=-\frac{1}{3}</math>
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>L=0</math>
 +
|-
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|
 +
[[Antitop-quark]]
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>Q=-\frac{2}{3}</math>
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>S=0</math>
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>B=-\frac{1}{3}</math>
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>L=0</math>
 +
|-
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|
 +
[[Antibottom-quark]]
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>Q=+\frac{1}{3}</math>
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>S=0</math>
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>B=-\frac{1}{3}</math>
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>L=0</math>
 +
|-
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|
 +
[[Anticharm-quark]]
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>Q=-\frac{2}{3}</math>
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>S=0</math>
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>B=-\frac{1}{3}</math>
 +
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>L=0</math>
 +
|}

Latest revision as of 09:53, 19 May 2024

Key Stage 5

Meaning

Quarks (q) are a type of fermion and are the constituent parts of hadrons.

About Quarks

The quark is denoted with a lower case q.
Quarks are believed to be fundamental particles but they have never been observed on their own.
Quarks always exist as part of hadron including a baryon, which is a triplet of quarks or a meson which is a quark-antiquark pair.
There are 6 types of quark including:

(The following are not on all A-level syllabi)

Conserved Quantities

Properties of the quarks.
Quark Charge/e Strangeness Baryon Number Lepton Number

Up-quark

\(Q=+\frac{2}{3}\) \(S=0\) \(B=+\frac{1}{3}\) \(L=0\)

Down-quark

\(Q=-\frac{1}{3}\) \(S=0\) \(B=+\frac{1}{3}\) \(L=0\)

Strange-quark

\(Q=-\frac{1}{3}\) \(S=-1\) \(B=+\frac{1}{3}\) \(L=0\)

Top-quark

\(Q=+\frac{2}{3}\) \(S=0\) \(B=+\frac{1}{3}\) \(L=0\)

Bottom-quark

\(Q=-\frac{1}{3}\) \(S=0\) \(B=+\frac{1}{3}\) \(L=0\)

Charm-quark

\(Q=+\frac{2}{3}\) \(S=0\) \(B=+\frac{1}{3}\) \(L=0\)
Properties of the antiquarks
Antiquark Charge/e Strangeness Baryon Number Lepton Number

Antiup-quark

\(Q=-\frac{2}{3}\) \(S=0\) \(B=-\frac{1}{3}\) \(L=0\)

Antidown-quark

\(Q=+\frac{1}{3}\) \(S=0\) \(B=-\frac{1}{3}\) \(L=0\)

Antistrange-quark

\(Q=+\frac{1}{3}\) \(S=+1\) \(B=-\frac{1}{3}\) \(L=0\)

Antitop-quark

\(Q=-\frac{2}{3}\) \(S=0\) \(B=-\frac{1}{3}\) \(L=0\)

Antibottom-quark

\(Q=+\frac{1}{3}\) \(S=0\) \(B=-\frac{1}{3}\) \(L=0\)

Anticharm-quark

\(Q=-\frac{2}{3}\) \(S=0\) \(B=-\frac{1}{3}\) \(L=0\)
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