Difference between revisions of "Conservation of Charge"
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: The overall [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of the [[Universe]] is zero. | : The overall [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of the [[Universe]] is zero. | ||
: If a [[Electrical Charge|charged]] [[subatomic Particle|particle]] comes into existence another [[subatomic Particle|particle]] with opposite [[Electrical Charge|charge]] must also come into existence. | : If a [[Electrical Charge|charged]] [[subatomic Particle|particle]] comes into existence another [[subatomic Particle|particle]] with opposite [[Electrical Charge|charge]] must also come into existence. | ||
| − | : '''Conservation of charge''' can be applied to [[Fundamental Interactions|fundamental interactions]] to balance the [[Nuclear Equation|equations]] and to ascertain the types of [[Subatomic Particle|particles]] produced. | + | : '''Conservation of charge''' can be applied to all [[Fundamental Interactions|fundamental interactions]] to balance the [[Nuclear Equation|equations]] and to ascertain the types of [[Subatomic Particle|particles]] produced. |
===Examples=== | ===Examples=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| + | |+<math>p+\bar\nu_e\rightarrow n + \beta^+</math> | ||
| style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" | | | style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" | | ||
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |<math>p</math> | | style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |<math>p</math> | ||
| Line 57: | Line 58: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| + | |+<math>n+\nu_e\rightarrow p + \beta^-</math> | ||
| style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" | | | style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" | | ||
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |<math>n</math> | | style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |<math>n</math> | ||
| Line 104: | Line 106: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| + | |+<math>p+\bar\nu_{\mu}\rightarrow n + \mu^+</math> | ||
| style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" | | | style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" | | ||
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |<math>p</math> | | style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |<math>p</math> | ||
| Line 151: | Line 154: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| + | |+<math>n+\nu_{\mu}\rightarrow p + \mu^-</math> | ||
| style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" | | | style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" | | ||
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |<math>n</math> | | style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |<math>n</math> | ||
| Line 198: | Line 202: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| + | |+<math>p + e^- \rightarrow n + \nu_e</math> | ||
| style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" | | | style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" | | ||
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |<math>p</math> | | style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |<math>p</math> | ||
| Line 245: | Line 250: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| + | |+<math>p + \pi^- \rightarrow K^+ + \Sigma^-</math> | ||
| style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" | | | style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" | | ||
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |<math>p</math> | | style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |<math>p</math> | ||
| Line 292: | Line 298: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| + | |+<math>n + \pi^- \rightarrow K^0 + \Sigma^-</math> | ||
| style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" | | | style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" | | ||
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |<math>n</math> | | style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |<math>n</math> | ||
| Line 339: | Line 346: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| + | |+<math>n + \pi^+ \rightarrow K^+ + \Sigma^0</math> | ||
| style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" | | | style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" | | ||
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |<math>n</math> | | style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |<math>n</math> | ||
| Line 386: | Line 394: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| + | |+<math>p + \bar p \rightarrow \pi^+ + \pi^-</math> | ||
| style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" | | | style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" | | ||
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |<math>p</math> | | style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |<math>p</math> | ||
| Line 433: | Line 442: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| + | |+<math>p\rightarrow n + \beta^+ + \nu_e</math> | ||
| style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" | | | style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" | | ||
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |<math>p</math> | | style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |<math>p</math> | ||
| Line 480: | Line 490: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| + | |+<math>n\rightarrow p + \beta^- + \bar\nu_e</math> | ||
| style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" | | | style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" | | ||
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |<math>n</math> | | style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |<math>n</math> | ||
| Line 527: | Line 538: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| + | |+<math>\mu^+ \rightarrow e^+ + \bar\nu_{\mu}+\nu_{e}</math> | ||
| style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" | | | style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" | | ||
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |<math>\mu^+</math> | | style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |<math>\mu^+</math> | ||
| Line 574: | Line 586: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| + | |+<math>\mu^- \rightarrow e^- + \nu_{\mu}+\bar\nu_{e}</math> | ||
| style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" | | | style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" | | ||
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |<math>\mu^-</math> | | style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |<math>\mu^-</math> | ||
| Line 648: | Line 661: | ||
<math>\mu^- \rightarrow e^- + \nu_{\mu}+\bar\nu_{e}</math> | <math>\mu^- \rightarrow e^- + \nu_{\mu}+\bar\nu_{e}</math> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===References=== | ||
| + | ====AQA==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0008158770/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0008158770&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ec31595e720e1529e49876c3866fff6e ''Conservation; of charge, pages 116-7, GCSE Physics; Student Book, Collins, AQA ''] | ||
Latest revision as of 10:16, 13 March 2020
Contents
Key Stage 5
Meaning
The law of conservation of charge states that charge cannot be created or destroyed, it can only be transferred from one particle to another.
About Conservation of Charge
- The overall charge of the Universe is zero.
- If a charged particle comes into existence another particle with opposite charge must also come into existence.
- Conservation of charge can be applied to all fundamental interactions to balance the equations and to ascertain the types of particles produced.
Examples
| \(p\) | \(+\) | \(\bar\nu_e\) | \(\rightarrow\) | \(n\) | \(+\) | \(\beta^+\) | |
| Charge | \(+1\) | \(+\) | \(0\) | \(=\) | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(+1\) |
| Baryon Number | \(+1\) | \(+\) | \(0\) | \(=\) | \(+1\) | \(+\) | \(0\) |
| Lepton Number | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(+1\) | \(=\) | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(+1\) |
| Strangeness | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(0\) | \(=\) | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(0\) |
| \(n\) | \(+\) | \(\nu_e\) | \(\rightarrow\) | \(p\) | \(+\) | \(\beta^-\) | |
| Charge | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(0\) | \(=\) | \(+1\) | \(+\) | \(-1\) |
| Baryon Number | \(+1\) | \(+\) | \(0\) | \(=\) | \(+1\) | \(+\) | \(0\) |
| Lepton Number | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(+1\) | \(=\) | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(+1\) |
| Strangeness | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(0\) | \(=\) | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(0\) |
| \(p\) | \(+\) | \(\bar\nu_{\mu}\) | \(\rightarrow\) | \(n\) | \(+\) | \(\mu^+\) | |
| Charge | \(+1\) | \(+\) | \(0\) | \(=\) | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(+1\) |
| Baryon Number | \(+1\) | \(+\) | \(0\) | \(=\) | \(+1\) | \(+\) | \(0\) |
| Lepton Number | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(+1\) | \(=\) | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(+1\) |
| Strangeness | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(0\) | \(=\) | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(0\) |
| \(n\) | \(+\) | \(\nu_{\mu}\) | \(\rightarrow\) | \(p\) | \(+\) | \(\mu^-\) | |
| Charge | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(0\) | \(=\) | \(+1\) | \(+\) | \(-1\) |
| Baryon Number | \(+1\) | \(+\) | \(0\) | \(=\) | \(+1\) | \(+\) | \(0\) |
| Lepton Number | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(+1\) | \(=\) | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(+1\) |
| Strangeness | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(0\) | \(=\) | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(0\) |
| \(p\) | \(+\) | \(e^-\) | \(\rightarrow\) | \(n\) | \(+\) | \(\nu_e\) | |
| Charge | \(+1\) | \(+\) | \(-1\) | \(=\) | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(0\) |
| Baryon Number | \(+1\) | \(+\) | \(0\) | \(=\) | \(+1\) | \(+\) | \(0\) |
| Lepton Number | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(+1\) | \(=\) | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(+1\) |
| Strangeness | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(0\) | \(=\) | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(0\) |
| \(p\) | \(+\) | \(\pi^-\) | \(\rightarrow\) | \(K^+\) | \(+\) | \(\Sigma^-\) | |
| Charge | \(+1\) | \(+\) | \(-1\) | \(=\) | \(+1\) | \(+\) | \(-1\) |
| Baryon Number | \(+1\) | \(+\) | \(0\) | \(=\) | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(+1\) |
| Lepton Number | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(0\) | \(=\) | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(0\) |
| Strangeness | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(0\) | \(=\) | \(+1\) | \(+\) | \(-1\) |
| \(n\) | \(+\) | \(\pi^-\) | \(\rightarrow\) | \(K^0\) | \(+\) | \(\Sigma^-\) | |
| Charge | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(-1\) | \(=\) | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(-1\) |
| Baryon Number | \(+1\) | \(+\) | \(0\) | \(=\) | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(+1\) |
| Lepton Number | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(0\) | \(=\) | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(0\) |
| Strangeness | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(0\) | \(=\) | \(+1\) | \(+\) | \(-1\) |
| \(n\) | \(+\) | \(\pi^+\) | \(\rightarrow\) | \(K^+\) | \(+\) | \(\Sigma^0\) | |
| Charge | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(+1\) | \(=\) | \(+1\) | \(+\) | \(0\) |
| Baryon Number | \(+1\) | \(+\) | \(0\) | \(=\) | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(+1\) |
| Lepton Number | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(0\) | \(=\) | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(0\) |
| Strangeness | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(0\) | \(=\) | \(+1\) | \(+\) | \(-1\) |
| \(p\) | \(+\) | \(\bar p\) | \(\rightarrow\) | \(\pi^+\) | \(+\) | \(\pi^-\) | |
| Charge | \(+1\) | \(+\) | \(-1\) | \(=\) | \(+1\) | \(+\) | \(-1\) |
| Baryon Number | \(+1\) | \(+\) | \(-1\) | \(=\) | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(0\) |
| Lepton Number | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(0\) | \(=\) | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(0\) |
| Strangeness | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(0\) | \(=\) | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(0\) |
| \(p\) | \(\rightarrow\) | \(n\) | \(+\) | \(\beta^+\) | \(+\) | \(\nu_e\) | |
| Charge | \(+1\) | \(=\) | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(+1\) | \(+\) | \(0\) |
| Baryon Number | \(+1\) | \(=\) | \(+1\) | \(+\) | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(0\) |
| Lepton Number | \(0\) | \(=\) | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(-1\) | \(+\) | \(+1\) |
| Strangeness | \(0\) | \(=\) | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(0\) |
| \(n\) | \(\rightarrow\) | \(p\) | \(+\) | \(\beta^-\) | \(+\) | \(\bar\nu_e\) | |
| Charge | \(0\) | \(=\) | \(+1\) | \(+\) | \(-1\) | \(+\) | \(0\) |
| Baryon Number | \(+1\) | \(=\) | \(+1\) | \(+\) | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(0\) |
| Lepton Number | \(0\) | \(=\) | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(+1\) | \(+\) | \(-1\) |
| Strangeness | \(0\) | \(=\) | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(0\) |
| \(\mu^+\) | \(\rightarrow\) | \(e^+\) | \(+\) | \(\bar\nu_{\mu}\) | \(+\) | \(\nu_{e}\) | |
| Charge | \(+1\) | \(=\) | \(+1\) | \(+\) | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(0\) |
| Baryon Number | \(0\) | \(=\) | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(0\) |
| Lepton Number | \(-1\) | \(=\) | \(-1\) | \(+\) | \(-1\) | \(+\) | \(+1\) |
| Strangeness | \(0\) | \(=\) | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(0\) |
| \(\mu^-\) | \(\rightarrow\) | \(e^-\) | \(+\) | \(\nu_{\mu}\) | \(+\) | \(\bar\nu_{e}\) | |
| Charge | \(-1\) | \(=\) | \(-1\) | \(+\) | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(0\) |
| Baryon Number | \(0\) | \(=\) | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(0\) |
| Lepton Number | \(+1\) | \(=\) | \(+1\) | \(+\) | \(+1\) | \(+\) | \(-1\) |
| Strangeness | \(0\) | \(=\) | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(0\) | \(+\) | \(0\) |
\(p+\bar\nu_e\rightarrow n + \beta^+\)
\(n+\nu_e\rightarrow p + \beta^-\)
\(p+\bar\nu_{\mu}\rightarrow n + \mu^+\)
\(n+\nu_{\mu}\rightarrow p + \mu^-\)
\(p\rightarrow n + \beta^+ + \nu_e\)
\(n\rightarrow p + \beta^- + \bar\nu_e\)
\(p + e^- \rightarrow n + \nu_e\)
\(p + \pi^- \rightarrow K^+ + \Sigma^-\)
\(n + \pi^- \rightarrow K^0 + \Sigma^-\)
\(n + \pi^+ \rightarrow K^+ + \Sigma^0\)
\(p + p \rightarrow p+p+p+\bar p\)
\(p + \bar p \rightarrow \pi^+ + \pi^-\)
\(\mu^+ \rightarrow e^+ + \bar\nu_{\mu}+\nu_{e}\)
\(\mu^- \rightarrow e^- + \nu_{\mu}+\bar\nu_{e}\)