Exchange Surface - Revision history

Ellen References at 07:41, 7 December 2019

2019-12-07T07:41:44Z

Ellen References at 15:45, 19 November 2019

2019-11-19T15:45:22Z

Ellen References at 14:28, 15 November 2019

2019-11-15T14:28:35Z

NRJC at 16:57, 26 June 2019

2019-06-26T16:57:49Z

NRJC: /* About The Walls of the Alveoli as an Exchange Surface */

2019-06-24T13:16:46Z

‎About The Walls of the Alveoli as an Exchange Surface

NRJC at 13:16, 24 June 2019

2019-06-24T13:16:36Z

NRJC: /* Factors Affecting Diffusion, Osmosis and Active Transport across an Exchange Surface */

2019-06-24T13:15:00Z

‎Factors Affecting Diffusion, Osmosis and Active Transport across an Exchange Surface

NRJC: /* About The Walls of the Alveoli as an Exchange Surface */

2019-06-24T13:14:44Z

‎About The Walls of the Alveoli as an Exchange Surface

NRJC: /* Factors Affecting Diffusion, Osmosis and Active Transport across an Exchange Surface */

2019-06-24T13:14:32Z

‎Factors Affecting Diffusion, Osmosis and Active Transport across an Exchange Surface

NRJC: Created page with "==Key Stage 3== ===Meaning=== '''Exchange surfaces''' are membranes that allow diffusion of substances across the membrane from a region of high concentratio..."

2019-06-24T13:14:14Z

Created page with "==Key Stage 3== ===Meaning=== '''Exchange surfaces''' are membranes that allow diffusion of substances across the membrane from a region of high concentratio..."

New page

==Key Stage 3==
===Meaning===
'''Exchange surfaces''' are [[membrane]]s that allow [[diffusion]] of [[substance]]s across the [[membrane]] from a region of high [[concentration]] to a region of low [[concentration]].

===About Exchange Surfaces===
: There are several exchange surfaces you should know:
:*[[Cell Membrane]]s
:*The walls of [[alveoli]]
:*The walls of the [[intestine]]s.

===About The Cell Membrane as an Exchange Surface===
: When [[Cell (Biology)|cells]] are surrounded by a high [[concentration]] of a [[nutrient]] then the [[nutrient]] will [[Diffusion|diffuse]] through the [[Cell Membrane|cell membrane]] and into the [[Cell (Biology)|cells]].
: When a [[Cell (Biology)|cell]] has filled with a large number of waste [[chemical]]s they will [[Diffusion|diffuse]] through the [[Cell Membrane|cell membrane]] out of the [[Cell (Biology)|cell]].

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[File:CellDiffusion1.png|center|300px]]
|[[File:CellDiffusion2.png|center|300px]]
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |There is a high [[concentration]] of [[nutrient]]s outside the [[Cell (Biology)|cell]] so they diffuse through the [[Cell Membrane|membrane]] into the [[Cell (Biology)|cell]].
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |The [[concentration]] of [[nutrient]]s inside the [[Cell (Biology)|cell]] and outside the [[Cell (Biology)|cell]] becomes the same.
|-
|[[File:CellDiffusion3.png|center|300px]]
|[[File:CellDiffusion4.png|center|300px]]
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |There is a high [[concentration]] of waste [[chemical]]s inside the [[Cell (Biology)|cell]] so they diffuse out through the [[Cell Membrane|cell membrane]].
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |The [[concentration]] of waste [[chemical]]s inside the [[Cell (Biology)|cell]] and outside the [[Cell (Biology)|cell]] becomes the same.
|}

===About The Walls of the Alveoli as an Exchange Surface===
: When [[air]] is [[inhale]]d into the [[lung]]s [[Oxygen]] [[diffuse]]s from the [[air]] across the walls of the [[alveoli]] and into the [[Red Blood Cell|red blood cells]].
: Before [[air]] is [[exhale]]d out of the [[lung]]s [[Carbon Dioxide]] [[diffuse]]s out of the [[blood]] through the walls of the [[alveoli]] and into [[air]] in the [[lung]]s.
: The walls of the [[alveoli]] have several [[adaptation]]s to maximise the rate of [[diffusion]] across them:
:*The [[alveoli]] have thin walls to allow gas exchange to happen quickly.
:*[[Alveoli]] are in groups to make a large [[Surface Area|surface area]] in the [[lung]] for gas exchange.
:*The [[alveoli]] have a good [[blood]] supply to allow gas exchange with the [[blood]].
:*The walls of the [[alveoli]] are kept moist to allow [[gase]]s to [[dissolve]] into to the fluid for gas exchange with the [[blood]].

===About The Wall of the Small Intestines as an Exchange Surface===
: When food is consumed and [[digest]]ed the [[nutrient]]s can [[diffuse]] across the walls of the [[Small Intestine|small intestine]] into the [[blood]] stream.
: The wall of the [[Small Intestine|small intestine]] is [[adaptation|adapted]] to allow the movement of [[nutrient]]s from the food into the [[blood]] stream in the following ways:
:*The [[Small Intestine|small intestine]] is long to give it a large [[Surface Area|surface area]].
:*The wall of the [[Small Intestine|small intestine]] is thin to provide a short distance for [[nutrient]]s to travel from food to the [[blood]] stream.
:*The wall of the [[Small Intestine|small intestine]] is covered in [[villi]] which are small folds, also increasing the [[Surface Area|surface area]].
:**The [[Villi]] have a wall only one cell thick so the [[nutrient]]s only have a short distance to [[Diffusion|diffuse]] into the [[blood]].
**[[Villi]] have [[Capillary|capillaries]] inside them for a good blood supply to allow for quick [[diffusion]] into the [[blood]].
:**[[Villi]] have a large [[Surface Area|surface area]] to allow quicker [[diffusion]].
:**The [[Cell (Biology)|cells]] in the walls of the [[villi]] have [[microvilli]] to provide an even bigger [[Surface Area|surface area]] for quicker [[diffusion]].

==Key Stage 4==
===Meaning===
'''Exchange surfaces''' are [[membrane]]s that allow movement of [[substance]]s by [[diffusion]], [[osmosis]] or [[Active Transport|active transport]].

===About Exchange Surfaces===
: [[Membrane]]s can be [[Partially Permeable Membrane|partially permeable]] so they only allow certain [[chemical]]s to '''diffuse''' through them.
: [[Diffusion]] in [[Cell (Biology)|cells]] is a passive process which means it does not require [[energy]] to take place.
: When [[Cell (Biology)|cells]] are surrounded by a high [[concentration]] of a [[nutrient]] then the [[nutrient]] will [[Diffusion|diffuse]] through the [[Cell Membrane|cell membrane]] and into the [[Cell (Biology)|cells]].
: When a [[Cell (Biology)|cell]] has filled with a large number of waste [[chemical]]s they will [[Diffusion|diffuse]] through the [[Cell Membrane|cell membrane]] out of the [[Cell (Biology)|cell]].
: [[Osmosis]] is when a [[Cell Membrane|cell membrane]] allows [[water]] to [[diffuse]] across the [[Cell Membrane|cell membrane]] but not other [[molecules]], particularly [[sugar]]s.
: [[Active Transport]] takes place when an essential [[nutrient]] is needed in large quantities so [[Cell (Biology)|cells]] use [[energy]] to pump these [[nutrient]]s across the [[Cell Membrane|cell membrane]] against the [[Concentration Gradient|concentration gradient]].

===Factors Affecting Diffusion, Osmosis and Active Transport across an Exchange Surface===
*[[Surface Area]] - The larger the [[Surface Area|surface area]] the more quickly [[diffusion]] can take place across the [[membrane]].
*Thickness - The thinner the [[membrane]] the more quickly [[diffusion]] can take place across the [[membrane]].
*[[Concentration Gradient]] - The greater the difference between the [[concentration]] on each side of the [[membrane]] the more quickly [[diffusion]] can take place across the [[membrane]].
*[[Mitochondia]] - In cases of [[Active Transport|active transport]] [[Cell Biology|cells]] will have extra [[mitochondria]] to provide [[energy]] for this process.

===About The Cell Membrane as an Exchange Surface===
: When [[Cell (Biology)|cells]] are surrounded by a high [[concentration]] of a [[nutrient]] then the [[nutrient]] will [[Diffusion|diffuse]] through the [[Cell Membrane|cell membrane]] and into the [[Cell (Biology)|cells]].
: When a [[Cell (Biology)|cell]] has filled with a high [[concentration]] of waste [[chemical]]s they will [[Diffusion|diffuse]] through the [[Cell Membrane|cell membrane]] out of the [[Cell (Biology)|cell]].
: When [[Cell (Biology)|cells]] are surrounded by a low [[concentration]] of a [[nutrient]] then the [[nutrient]] will by moved by [[Active Transport|active transport]] through the [[Cell Membrane|cell membrane]] and into the [[Cell (Biology)|cells]].
: When a [[Cell (Biology)|cell]] has filled with a low [[concentration]] of waste [[chemical]]s they will be moved by [[Active Transport|active transport]] through the [[Cell Membrane|cell membrane]] out of the [[Cell (Biology)|cell]].

===About The Walls of the Alveoli as an Exchange Surface===
: When [[air]] is [[inhale]]d into the [[lung]]s [[Oxygen]] [[diffuse]]s from the [[air]] across the walls of the [[alveoli]] and into the [[Red Blood Cell|red blood cells]].
: Before [[air]] is [[exhale]]d out of the [[lung]]s [[Carbon Dioxide]] [[diffuse]]s out of the [[blood]] through the walls of the [[alveoli]] and into [[air]] in the [[lung]]s.
: The walls of the [[alveoli]] have several [[adaptation]]s to maximise the rate of [[diffusion]] across them:
:*The [[alveoli]] have thin walls to allow gas exchange to happen quickly.
:*[[Alveoli]] are in groups to make a large [[Surface Area|surface area]] in the [[lung]] for gas exchange.
:*The [[alveoli]] have a good [[blood]] supply to allow gas exchange with the [[blood]].
:*The walls of the [[alveoli]] are kept moist to allow [[gase]]s to [[dissolve]] into to the fluid for gas exchange with the [[blood]].

===About The Wall of the Small Intestines as an Exchange Surface===
: When food is consumed and [[digest]]ed the [[nutrient]]s can move across the walls of the [[Small Intestine|small intestine]] into the [[blood]] stream by [[diffusion]] or [[Active Transport|active transport]].
: The wall of the [[Small Intestine|small intestine]] is [[adaptation|adapted]] to allow the movement of [[nutrient]]s from the food into the [[blood]] stream in the following ways:
:*The [[Small Intestine|small intestine]] is long to give it a large [[Surface Area|surface area]].
:*The wall of the [[Small Intestine|small intestine]] is thin to provide a short distance for [[nutrient]]s to travel from food to the [[blood]] stream.
:*The wall of the [[Small Intestine|small intestine]] is covered in [[villi]] which are small folds, also increasing the [[Surface Area|surface area]].
:**The [[Villi]] have a wall only one cell thick so the [[nutrient]]s only have a short distance to [[Diffusion|diffuse]] into the [[blood]].
**[[Villi]] have [[Capillary|capillaries]] inside them for a good blood supply to allow for quick [[diffusion]] into the [[blood]].
:**[[Villi]] have a large [[Surface Area|surface area]] to allow quicker [[diffusion]].
:**The [[Cell (Biology)|cells]] in the walls of the [[villi]] have [[microvilli]] to provide an even bigger [[Surface Area|surface area]] for quicker [[diffusion]].
:***The [[microvilli]] have extra [[mitochondria]] to provide energy for [[Active Transport|active transport]].

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:41, 7 December 2019
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	:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948120/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948120&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=dedef775c6a43dbb0a609441525adac0 ''Exchange surfaces, pages 257, 260, 261, GCSE Biology, CGP, Edexcel '']		:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948120/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948120&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=dedef775c6a43dbb0a609441525adac0 ''Exchange surfaces, pages 257, 260, 261, GCSE Biology, CGP, Edexcel '']
	:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782946748/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782946748&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a4f0348fc37d0ba1bb52d27f8679581f ''Exchange surfaces, pages 87, 88, GCSE Biology; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']		:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782946748/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782946748&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a4f0348fc37d0ba1bb52d27f8679581f ''Exchange surfaces, pages 87, 88, GCSE Biology; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']
		+
		+	====OCR====
		+	:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945695/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945695&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ceafcc80bcad6b6754ee97a0c7ceea53 ''Exchange surfaces, page 28, Gateway GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR '']
		+	:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945660/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945660&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=83aa4500ad7759e7f401a1c5ba5df758 ''Exchange surfaces, pages 34, 35, Gateway GCSE Biology; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR '']
		+	:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359810/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359810&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=d768d99f1a06f7c12fab40e5aef85a55 ''Exchange surfaces, pages 72-73, Gateway GCSE Biology, Oxford, OCR '']

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:45, 19 November 2019
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	:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782946381/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782946381&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=5ec5fc3f6429e30c1d9ab9bca2bccf93 ''Exchange surfaces, pages 54-56, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Biology, CGP, AQA '']		:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782946381/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782946381&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=5ec5fc3f6429e30c1d9ab9bca2bccf93 ''Exchange surfaces, pages 54-56, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Biology, CGP, AQA '']
	:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945954/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945954&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=100574c08fbbb64318256eb79ed61a76 ''Exchange surfaces, pages 60-62, GCSE Biology, CGP, AQA '']		:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945954/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945954&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=100574c08fbbb64318256eb79ed61a76 ''Exchange surfaces, pages 60-62, GCSE Biology, CGP, AQA '']
		+
		+	====Edexcel====
		+
		+	:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945741/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945741&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=30da4f2178da182547b62a7329d13b57 ''Exchange surfaces, page 60, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']
		+	:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948120/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948120&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=dedef775c6a43dbb0a609441525adac0 ''Exchange surfaces, pages 257, 260, 261, GCSE Biology, CGP, Edexcel '']
		+	:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782946748/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782946748&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a4f0348fc37d0ba1bb52d27f8679581f ''Exchange surfaces, pages 87, 88, GCSE Biology; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:28, 15 November 2019
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	:**The [[Cell (Biology)\|cells]] in the walls of the [[villi]] have [[microvilli]] to provide an even bigger [[Surface Area\|surface area]] for quicker [[diffusion]].		:**The [[Cell (Biology)\|cells]] in the walls of the [[villi]] have [[microvilli]] to provide an even bigger [[Surface Area\|surface area]] for quicker [[diffusion]].
	:***The [[microvilli]] have extra [[mitochondria]] to provide energy for [[Active Transport\|active transport]].		:***The [[microvilli]] have extra [[mitochondria]] to provide energy for [[Active Transport\|active transport]].
		+
		+	===References===
		+	====AQA====
		+
		+	:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945563/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945563&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9a1d023a374038e6072f33c4f3cf808b ''Exchange surfaces, pages 23-25, GCSE Biology; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']
		+	:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782946381/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782946381&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=5ec5fc3f6429e30c1d9ab9bca2bccf93 ''Exchange surfaces, pages 54-56, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Biology, CGP, AQA '']
		+	:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945954/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945954&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=100574c08fbbb64318256eb79ed61a76 ''Exchange surfaces, pages 60-62, GCSE Biology, CGP, AQA '']

@@ Line 38: / Line 38: @@
 ===About The Wall of the Small Intestines as an Exchange Surface===
-: When food is consumed and [[digest]]ed the [[nutrient]]s can [[Diffusion|diffuse]] across the walls of the [[Small Intestine|small intestine]] into the [[blood]] stream.
+: When food is consumed and [[Digestion|digested]] the [[nutrient]]s can [[Diffusion|diffuse]] across the walls of the [[Small Intestine|small intestine]] into the [[blood]] stream.
 : The wall of the [[Small Intestine|small intestine]] is [[adaptation|adapted]] to allow the movement of [[nutrient]]s from the food into the [[blood]] stream in the following ways:
 :*The [[Small Intestine|small intestine]] is long to give it a large [[Surface Area|surface area]].
@@ Line 83: / Line 83: @@
 ===About The Wall of the Small Intestines as an Exchange Surface===
-: When food is consumed and [[digest]]ed the [[nutrient]]s can move across the walls of the [[Small Intestine|small intestine]] into the [[blood]] stream by [[diffusion]] or [[Active Transport|active transport]].
+: When food is consumed and [[Digestion|digested]] the [[nutrient]]s can move across the walls of the [[Small Intestine|small intestine]] into the [[blood]] stream by [[diffusion]] or [[Active Transport|active transport]].
 : The wall of the [[Small Intestine|small intestine]] is [[adaptation|adapted]] to allow the movement of [[nutrient]]s from the food into the [[blood]] stream in the following ways:
 :*The [[Small Intestine|small intestine]] is long to give it a large [[Surface Area|surface area]].

@@ Line 35: / Line 35: @@
 :*[[Alveoli]] are in groups to make a large [[Surface Area|surface area]] in the [[lung]] for gas exchange.
 :*The [[alveoli]] have a good [[blood]] supply to allow gas exchange with the [[blood]].
-:*The walls of the [[alveoli]] are kept moist to allow [[gase]]s to [[dissolve]] into to the fluid for gas exchange with the [[blood]].
+:*The walls of the [[alveoli]] are kept moist to allow [[gas]]es to [[dissolve]] into to the fluid for gas exchange with the [[blood]].
 ===About The Wall of the Small Intestines as an Exchange Surface===

@@ Line 18: / Line 18: @@
 |[[File:CellDiffusion2.png|center|300px]]
 |-
-| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |There is a high [[concentration]] of [[nutrient]]s outside the [[Cell (Biology)|cell]] so they diffuse through the [[Cell Membrane|membrane]] into the [[Cell (Biology)|cell]].
+| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |There is a high [[concentration]] of [[nutrient]]s outside the [[Cell (Biology)|cell]] so they [[Diffusion|diffuse]] through the [[Cell Membrane|membrane]] into the [[Cell (Biology)|cell]].
 | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |The [[concentration]] of [[nutrient]]s inside the [[Cell (Biology)|cell]] and outside the [[Cell (Biology)|cell]] becomes the same.
 |-
@@ Line 24: / Line 24: @@
 |[[File:CellDiffusion4.png|center|300px]]
 |-
-| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |There is a high [[concentration]] of waste [[chemical]]s inside the [[Cell (Biology)|cell]] so they diffuse out through the [[Cell Membrane|cell membrane]].
+| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |There is a high [[concentration]] of waste [[chemical]]s inside the [[Cell (Biology)|cell]] so they [[Diffusion|diffuse]] out through the [[Cell Membrane|cell membrane]].
 | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |The [[concentration]] of waste [[chemical]]s inside the [[Cell (Biology)|cell]] and outside the [[Cell (Biology)|cell]] becomes the same.
 |}
 ===About The Walls of the Alveoli as an Exchange Surface===
-: When [[air]] is [[inhale]]d into the [[lung]]s [[Oxygen]] [[diffuse]]s from the [[air]] across the walls of the [[alveoli]] and into the [[Red Blood Cell|red blood cells]].
+: When [[air]] is [[inhale]]d into the [[lung]]s [[Oxygen]] [[Diffusion|diffuse]]s from the [[air]] across the walls of the [[alveoli]] and into the [[Red Blood Cell|red blood cells]].
-: Before [[air]] is [[exhale]]d out of the [[lung]]s [[Carbon Dioxide]] [[diffuse]]s out of the [[blood]] through the walls of the [[alveoli]] and into [[air]] in the [[lung]]s.
+: Before [[air]] is [[exhale]]d out of the [[lung]]s [[Carbon Dioxide]] [[Diffusion|diffuse]]s out of the [[blood]] through the walls of the [[alveoli]] and into [[air]] in the [[lung]]s.
 : The walls of the [[alveoli]] have several [[adaptation]]s to maximise the rate of [[diffusion]] across them:
 :*The [[alveoli]] have thin walls to allow gas exchange to happen quickly.
@@ Line 38: / Line 38: @@
 ===About The Wall of the Small Intestines as an Exchange Surface===
-: When food is consumed and [[digest]]ed the [[nutrient]]s can [[diffuse]] across the walls of the [[Small Intestine|small intestine]] into the [[blood]] stream.
+: When food is consumed and [[digest]]ed the [[nutrient]]s can [[Diffusion|diffuse]] across the walls of the [[Small Intestine|small intestine]] into the [[blood]] stream.
 : The wall of the [[Small Intestine|small intestine]] is [[adaptation|adapted]] to allow the movement of [[nutrient]]s from the food into the [[blood]] stream in the following ways:
 :*The [[Small Intestine|small intestine]] is long to give it a large [[Surface Area|surface area]].
@@ Line 54: / Line 54: @@
 ===About Exchange Surfaces===
-: [[Membrane]]s can be [[Partially Permeable Membrane|partially permeable]] so they only allow certain [[chemical]]s to '''diffuse''' through them.
+: [[Membrane]]s can be [[Partially Permeable Membrane|partially permeable]] so they only allow certain [[chemical]]s to [[Diffusion|diffuse]] through them.
 : [[Diffusion]] in [[Cell (Biology)|cells]] is a passive process which means it does not require [[energy]] to take place.
 : When [[Cell (Biology)|cells]] are surrounded by a high [[concentration]] of a [[nutrient]] then the [[nutrient]] will [[Diffusion|diffuse]] through the [[Cell Membrane|cell membrane]] and into the [[Cell (Biology)|cells]].
 : When a [[Cell (Biology)|cell]] has filled with a large number of waste [[chemical]]s they will [[Diffusion|diffuse]] through the [[Cell Membrane|cell membrane]] out of the [[Cell (Biology)|cell]].
-: [[Osmosis]] is when a [[Cell Membrane|cell membrane]] allows [[water]] to [[diffuse]] across the [[Cell Membrane|cell membrane]] but not other [[molecules]], particularly [[sugar]]s.
+: [[Osmosis]] is when a [[Cell Membrane|cell membrane]] allows [[water]] to [[Diffusion|diffuse]] across the [[Cell Membrane|cell membrane]] but not other [[molecule]]s, particularly [[sugar]]s.
 : [[Active Transport]] takes place when an essential [[nutrient]] is needed in large quantities so [[Cell (Biology)|cells]] use [[energy]] to pump these [[nutrient]]s across the [[Cell Membrane|cell membrane]] against the [[Concentration Gradient|concentration gradient]].
@@ Line 74: / Line 74: @@
 ===About The Walls of the Alveoli as an Exchange Surface===
-: When [[air]] is [[inhale]]d into the [[lung]]s [[Oxygen]] [[diffuse]]s from the [[air]] across the walls of the [[alveoli]] and into the [[Red Blood Cell|red blood cells]].
+: When [[air]] is [[inhale]]d into the [[lung]]s [[Oxygen]] [[Diffusion|diffuse]]s from the [[air]] across the walls of the [[alveoli]] and into the [[Red Blood Cell|red blood cells]].
-: Before [[air]] is [[exhale]]d out of the [[lung]]s [[Carbon Dioxide]] [[diffuse]]s out of the [[blood]] through the walls of the [[alveoli]] and into [[air]] in the [[lung]]s.
+: Before [[air]] is [[exhale]]d out of the [[lung]]s [[Carbon Dioxide]] [[Diffusion|diffuse]]s out of the [[blood]] through the walls of the [[alveoli]] and into [[air]] in the [[lung]]s.
 : The walls of the [[alveoli]] have several [[adaptation]]s to maximise the rate of [[diffusion]] across them:
 :*The [[alveoli]] have thin walls to allow gas exchange to happen quickly.

@@ Line 65: / Line 65: @@
 *Thickness - The thinner the [[membrane]] the more quickly [[diffusion]] can take place across the [[membrane]].
 *[[Concentration Gradient]] - The greater the difference between the [[concentration]] on each side of the [[membrane]] the more quickly [[diffusion]] can take place across the [[membrane]].
-*[[Mitochondia]] - In cases of [[Active Transport|active transport]] [[Cell (Biology)|cells]] will have extra [[mitochondria]] to provide [[energy]] for this process.
+*[[Mitochondria]] - In cases of [[Active Transport|active transport]] [[Cell (Biology)|cells]] will have extra [[mitochondria]] to provide [[energy]] for this process.
 ===About The Cell Membrane as an Exchange Surface===