Neutron Radiation - Revision history

NRJC at 14:58, 6 April 2019

2019-04-06T14:58:25Z

NRJC at 11:11, 8 March 2019

2019-03-08T11:11:40Z

NRJC: /* Applications */

2019-03-08T09:25:56Z

‎Applications

NRJC: /* Precautions */

2019-03-08T09:21:27Z

‎Precautions

NRJC: /* Precautions */

2019-03-08T09:17:58Z

‎Precautions

NRJC: /* Ionising Potential */

2019-03-08T09:12:06Z

‎Ionising Potential

NRJC: /* Ionising Potential */

2019-03-08T09:11:58Z

‎Ionising Potential

NRJC: /* Ionising Potential */

2019-03-08T09:11:39Z

‎Ionising Potential

NRJC at 09:07, 8 March 2019

2019-03-08T09:07:37Z

NRJC at 08:56, 8 March 2019

2019-03-08T08:56:25Z

@@ Line 27: / Line 27: @@
 |-
 |[[File:NeutronPenetration.png|center|200px]]
-| style="height:20px; width:400px; text-align:left;" |[[Neutron Radiation|Neutron radiation]] can penetrate paper and sheets of [[metal]] foil but cannot penetrate more than a few cm of [[Lead]] or a [[metre]] of [[concrete]] before they are captured by the [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] of an [[atom]].
+| style="height:20px; width:400px; text-align:left;" |[[Neutron Radiation|Neutron radiation]] can penetrate paper and sheets of [[metal]] foil but cannot penetrate more than a few cm of [[Lead]] or a [[metre]] of concrete before they are captured by the [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] of an [[atom]].
 |}

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:11, 8 March 2019
Line 52:		Line 52:
	===Applications===		===Applications===
	: [[Neutron]]s are used to stimulate [[Nuclear Fission\|nuclear fission]] in both [[Nuclear Reactor\|nuclear reactors]] and [[Nuclear Bomb\|nuclear bombs]].		: [[Neutron]]s are used to stimulate [[Nuclear Fission\|nuclear fission]] in both [[Nuclear Reactor\|nuclear reactors]] and [[Nuclear Bomb\|nuclear bombs]].
		+
		+	===Equation===
		+
		+	<math>{}_Z^AX \rightarrow {}_{Z}^{A-1}Y + {}_0^1n</math>
		+
		+	<math>{}_{8}^{18}O \rightarrow {}_{8}^{17}O + {}_0^1n</math>
		+
		+	====Example Calculations====
		+	{\| class="wikitable"
		+	\|-
		+	\| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" \|'''Find the [[element]] 'X' and calculate its [[Relative Atomic Mass\|relative atomic mass]] 'A' and its [[Relative Atomic Charge\|relative atomic charge]] 'Z'.'''
		+
		+	<math>{}_{3}^{8}Li \rightarrow {}_{Z}^{A}X + {}_0^1n</math>
		+	\| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" \|'''Find the [[element]] 'X' and calculate its [[Relative Atomic Mass\|relative atomic mass]] 'A' and its [[Relative Atomic Charge\|relative atomic charge]] 'Z'.'''
		+
		+	<math>{}_{Z}^{A}X \rightarrow {}_{10}^{26}Ne + {}_0^1n</math>
		+	\|-
		+	\| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:left;" \|'''1. Calculate the [[Relative Atomic Mass\|relative atomic mass]] by looking at the top row of numbers.'''
		+
		+	8 = A + 1
		+
		+	A = 7
		+	\| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:left;" \|'''1. Calculate the [[Relative Atomic Mass\|relative atomic mass]] by looking at the top row of numbers.'''
		+
		+	A = 26 + 1
		+
		+	A = 27
		+	\|-
		+	\| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:left;" \|'''2. Calculate the [[Relative Atomic Charge\|relative atomic charge]] by looking at the bottom row of numbers.'''
		+
		+	3 = Z + 0
		+
		+	Z = 3
		+	\| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:left;" \|'''2. Calculate the [[Relative Atomic Charge\|relative atomic charge]] by looking at the bottom row of numbers.'''
		+
		+	Z = 10 + 0
		+
		+	Z = 10
		+	\|-
		+	\| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:left;" \|'''3. It's the same [[element]] but a different isotope.'''
		+
		+	<math>{}_{3}^{7}Li</math>
		+	\| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:left;" \|'''3. Since the [[Relative Atomic Charge\|relative atomic charge]] is the same as the [[Atomic Number\|atomic number]] look up the [[element]] on the [[Periodic Table\|periodic table]].'''
		+
		+	<math>{}_{10}^{27}Ne</math>
		+	\|}

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:25, 8 March 2019
Line 51:		Line 51:

	===Applications===		===Applications===
−	~~{\| class="wikitable"~~	+	: [[Neutron]]s are used to stimulate [[Nuclear Fission\|nuclear fission]] in both [[Nuclear Reactor\|nuclear reactors]] and [[Nuclear Bomb\|nuclear bombs]].
−	\|-
−	~~\|[[File~~:~~SmokeDetector.png\|center\|600px]]~~
−	\|-
−	~~\| style="height:20px; width:600px; text-align:left;" \|In a smoke detector~~ [[~~Alpha Particle\|alpha particles~~]] are ~~released between two [[electrode]]s.~~
−
−	~~When the~~ [[~~Alpha Particle~~\|~~alpha particles~~]] [[~~Ionising Radiation~~\|~~ionise]~~] ~~the [[molecule~~]~~]s in the [[air]] the [[ion]]s move between the [[electrode]]s~~ and ~~a [[Electrical Current\|current]] flows in the [[circuit]].~~
−
−	~~When smoke gets between the [[electrode]]s the [[ion]]s become stuck in large [[particle]]s of [[soot]] preventing them from moving. This stops the~~ [[~~Electrical Current~~\|~~current]] in the [[circuit~~]].
−
−	~~The [[ammeter]] in the [[circuit]] is connected to an alarm which goes off when there is no [[Electrical Current\|current]].~~
−	\|}

@@ Line 48: / Line 48: @@
 : [[Neutron Radiation|Neutron]] sources are kept inside a block of [[lead]] with a hole that only allows the '''[[neutron]]s''' out in one direction.
 : [[Neutron Radiation|Neutron radiation]] is too dangerous to handle directly so it must be done from behind a thick [[lead]] screen.
-: When handling a source of [[Beta Particle|beta radiation]] the precautions which should be taken are:
+: [[Neutron Radiation|Neutron]] [[emission]] is usually stimulated by bombarding [[Atomic Nucleus|nuclei]] with other [[particle]]s. The [[Neutron Radiation|neutron]] sources have a very short [[Half Life|half life]] so they do not need to be kept in sealed [[Lead]] containers for long before they are no longer dangerously [[radioactive]].
 ===Applications===

@@ Line 45: / Line 45: @@
 ===Precautions===
-: [[Alpha Particle|Alpha radiation]] is the most [[Ionising Radiation|ionising]] but the least [[Penetration Depth|penetrating]].
+: [[Neutron Radiation|Neutron radiation]] is not directly [[Ionising Radiation|ionising]] but is as [[Penetration Depth|penetrating]] as [[gamma-ray]]s.
-: [[Alpha Particle|Alpha]] sources are kept inside a block of [[lead]] with a hole that only allows the [[Alpha Particle|alpha particles]] out in one direction.
+: [[Neutron Radiation|Neutron]] sources are kept inside a block of [[lead]] with a hole that only allows the '''[[neutron]]s''' out in one direction.
-: Outside the body an [[organism]] can be protected from [[Alpha Particle|alpha radiation]] by keeping a distance greater than 5cm or by covering any bare skin.
+: [[Neutron Radiation|Neutron radiation]] is too dangerous to handle directly so it must be done from behind a thick [[lead]] screen.
 : When handling a source of [[Beta Particle|beta radiation]] the precautions which should be taken are:
 :*Wear gloves - to prevent [[Radioactive Contamination|contamination]].
-:*Use tongs to handle the source, never touch it - to prevent [[Radioactive Contamination|contamination]].
+:*Use tongs to handle the source, never touch it - to prevent [[Radioactive Contamination|contamination]] and reduce [[irradiation]] (the tongs won't be long enough to prevent [[irradiation]].)
 :*Aim the source away from any living [[organism]] - to prevent [[irradiation]].
 :*Store the source in a sealed container - to prevent [[Radioactive Contamination|contamination]] and [[irradiation]].

@@ Line 41: / Line 41: @@
 |[[File:NeutronPenetrationAir.png|center|600px]]
 |-
-| style="height:20px; width:600px; text-align:left;" |It can [[Radioactive Decay|decay]] into a [[proton]] and a [[Beta Particle|beta particle]] releasing a [[gamma-ray]]
+| style="height:20px; width:600px; text-align:left;" |It can [[Radioactive Decay|decay]] into a [[proton]] and a [[Beta Particle|beta particle]] releasing a [[gamma-ray]].
 |}

@@ Line 31: / Line 31: @@
 ====Ionising Potential====
-: With a [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of 0 and almost no effect on the [[electron]]s [[Electron Orbital|orbiting]] [[Atomic Nucleus|nuclei]], '''[[neutron]]s''' are not directly [[Ionising Radiation|ionising]]. However, they can either [[Radioactive Decay|decay]] into a [[proton]] and a [[Beta Particle|beta particle]] releasing a [[gamma-ray]] or they can be captured by the [[nucleus]] of an [[atom]] causing that to release a [[gamma-ray]].
+: With a [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of 0 and almost no effect on the [[electron]]s [[Electron Orbital|orbiting]] [[Atomic Nucleus|nuclei]], '''[[neutron]]s''' are not directly [[Ionising Radiation|ionising]].
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
 |[[File:NeutronIonise.png|center|600px]]
 |-
-| style="height:20px; width:600px; text-align:left;" |When an [[Alpha Particle|α-particle]] interacts with an [[atom]] the [[Alpha Particle|α-particle]] can remove one or two [[electron]]s to '''ionise''' the [[atom]].
+| style="height:20px; width:600px; text-align:left;" |It can be [[Absorb (Physics)|absorbed]] by a [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] making it [[Unstable Isotope|unstable]] and causing it to release a [[gamma-ray]].
 |}

@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
-|[[File:NeutronParticleCharge.png|center|200px]]
+|[[File:NeutronCharge.png|center|200px]]
 | style="height:20px; width:400px; text-align:left;" |Scientist were able to determine the [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of a '''neutron''' by sending it between two [[Electrical Charge|electrically charged]] plates and observing its path.
@@ Line 21: / Line 21: @@
 |-
 |[[File:NeutronPenetrationAir.png|center|200px]]
-| style="height:20px; width:400px; text-align:left;" |[[Alpha Particle|Alpha particles]] can travel around 5cm through [[air]] ([[STP]]) before [[colliding]] with and [[ionising]] [[atom]]s or [[molecule]]s.
+| style="height:20px; width:400px; text-align:left;" |'''[[Neutron]]s''' have a mean lifetime of around 15 minutes before they decay, so
 |}
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
-|[[File:AlphaPenetration.png|center|200px]]
+|[[File:NeutronPenetration.png|center|200px]]
 | style="height:20px; width:400px; text-align:left;" |[[Alpha Particle|Alpha particles]] can be stopped by a thin sheet of paper.
 |}