Rutherford's Alpha Scattering Experiment - Revision history

NRJC at 18:13, 27 October 2019

2019-10-27T18:13:14Z

NRJC at 10:55, 2 February 2019

2019-02-02T10:55:37Z

NRJC at 12:28, 24 November 2018

2018-11-24T12:28:02Z

NRJC: /* About Rutherford's Alpha Scattering Experiment */

2018-11-24T12:27:31Z

‎About Rutherford's Alpha Scattering Experiment

NRJC: Created page with "==Key Stage 4== ===Meaning=== Rutherford's Alpha Scattering Experiment was an experiment that provided evidence which disproved the Plum Pudding Model of the atom..."

2018-11-24T12:26:58Z

Created page with "==Key Stage 4== ===Meaning=== Rutherford's Alpha Scattering Experiment was an experiment that provided evidence which disproved the Plum Pudding Model of the atom..."

New page

==Key Stage 4==
===Meaning===
[[Rutherford's Alpha Scattering Experiment]] was an experiment that provided evidence which disproved the [[Plum Pudding Model]] of the [[atom]] and later led to the development of the [[Nuclear Model]] of the [[atom]].

===About Rutherford's Alpha Scattering Experiment===
: In the '''experiment''' [[Ernest Rutherford|Rutherford's]] students ([[Ernest Marsden]] and [[Hans Geiger]]) fired high speed [[Alpha Particle|alpha particle]]s at a thin sheet of [[gold]] foil. A detector could be placed at different positions around the '''experiment''' which would make a small flash of light every time an [[Alpha Particle|alpha particle]] reached the detector. This could be used to find the path of the [[Alpha Particle|alpha particles]] as they passed through the [[gold]] foil.
: The path of the [[Alpha Particle|alpha particle]]s provided evidence to disprove the [[Plum Pudding Model]].
: If the [[Plum Pudding Model]] were correct then nearly all of the [[Alpha Particle|alpha particles]] should have passed straight through, unaffected, since the [[Alpha Particle|alpha particle]] is positively charged while [[atom]]s should have an even spread of [[charge]]d [[particle]]s all the way through them. There should have been no [[Electrostatic Force|electrostatic force]] to change their direction.
: They observed that most of the [[Alpha Particle|alpha particle]]s went through in a straight line. A small number were [[deflect]]ed by a small angle and a very small number bounced off the [[Gold]] back towards the [[Alpha Particle|alpha]] source.
These observations led to a number of conclusions:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" |'''Observation'''
| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" |'''Conclusion'''
|-
| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" |Most of the [[Alpha Particle|alpha particle]]s pass straight through the foil.
| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" |The [[atom]] must be mostly empty space.
|-
| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" |Some of the [[Alpha Particle|alpha particle]]s were deflected by a small angle.
| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" |The [[mass]] of the [[atom]] must be concentrated in an extremely small [[Volume (Space)|volume]] in the centre.
|-
| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" |A very small number of [[Alpha Particle|alpha particle]]s came back in the direction of the detector. (Deflected more than 90°.)
| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" |The centre of an [[atom]] must have a strong positive charge.

The [[electron]]s must not be in the centre of the [[atom]], they must be [[orbit]]ing the [[nucleus]].
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[File:AlphaScatteringExperiment.png|center|200px]]
|-
| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" |This [[diagram]] shows the expected path of [[Alpha Particle|alpha particles]] in the [[Plum Pudding Model]] (Thompson Model) and what was actually observed, which led to the development of the [[Nuclear Model]].
|}

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:13, 27 October 2019
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	\| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" \|This [[diagram]] shows the expected path of [[Alpha Particle\|alpha particles]] through an [[atom]] in the [[Plum Pudding Model]] (Thompson Model) and what was actually observed, which led to the development of the [[Nuclear Model]] (Rutherford Model).		\| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" \|This [[diagram]] shows the expected path of [[Alpha Particle\|alpha particles]] through an [[atom]] in the [[Plum Pudding Model]] (Thompson Model) and what was actually observed, which led to the development of the [[Nuclear Model]] (Rutherford Model).
	\|}		\|}
		+
		+	===References===
		+	====AQA====
		+	:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/178294558X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=178294558X&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=f0dfb66dafcb0c6e9449e7b1a4ae1ac12 ''Alpha scattering, page 43, GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA']
		+	:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851370/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851370&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=01c69b0ae058f809cf636033e6ba793e ''Alpha scattering, page 92, GCSE Physics, Hodder, AQA']
		+	:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851354/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851354&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9012a0d354024419214fb3ad5ac44ba0 ''Alpha scattering, pages 341-2, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 1, Hodder, AQA']

@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
 |[[File:AlphaScatteringExperiment.png|center|500px]]
 |-
-| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" |This [[diagram]] shows the expected path of [[Alpha Particle|alpha particles]] through an [[atom]] in the [[Plum Pudding Model]] (Thompson Model) and what was actually observed, which led to the development of the [[Nuclear Model]].
+| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" |This [[diagram]] shows the expected path of [[Alpha Particle|alpha particles]] through an [[atom]] in the [[Plum Pudding Model]] (Thompson Model) and what was actually observed, which led to the development of the [[Nuclear Model]] (Rutherford Model).
 |}

@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 : In the '''experiment''' [[Ernest Rutherford|Rutherford's]] students ([[Ernest Marsden]] and [[Hans Geiger]]) fired high speed [[Alpha Particle|alpha particle]]s at a thin sheet of [[gold]] foil. A detector could be placed at different positions around the '''experiment''' which would make a small flash of light every time an [[Alpha Particle|alpha particle]] reached the detector. This could be used to find the path of the [[Alpha Particle|alpha particles]] as they passed through the [[gold]] foil.
 : The path of the [[Alpha Particle|alpha particle]]s provided evidence to disprove the [[Plum Pudding Model]].
-: If the [[Plum Pudding Model]] were correct then nearly all of the [[Alpha Particle|alpha particles]] should have passed straight through, unaffected, since the [[Alpha Particle|alpha particle]] is positively charged while [[atom]]s should have an even spread of [[charge]]d [[particle]]s all the way through them. There should have been no [[Electrostatic Force|electrostatic force]] to change their direction.
+: If the [[Plum Pudding Model]] were correct then nearly all of the [[Alpha Particle|alpha particles]] should have passed straight through, unaffected, since the [[Alpha Particle|alpha particle]] is [[Positive Charge|positively charged]] while [[atom]]s should have an even spread of [[Electrical Charge|charge]]d [[particle]]s all the way through them. There should have been no [[Electrostatic Force|electrostatic force]] to change their direction.
 : They observed that most of the [[Alpha Particle|alpha particle]]s went through in a straight line. A small number were [[deflect]]ed by a small angle and a very small number bounced off the [[Gold]] back towards the [[Alpha Particle|alpha]] source.
 These observations led to a number of conclusions:

@@ Line 27: / Line 27: @@
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
-|[[File:AlphaScatteringExperiment.png|center|200px]]
+|[[File:AlphaScatteringExperiment.png|center|500px]]
 |-
-| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" |This [[diagram]] shows the expected path of [[Alpha Particle|alpha particles]] in the [[Plum Pudding Model]] (Thompson Model) and what was actually observed, which led to the development of the [[Nuclear Model]].
+| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" |This [[diagram]] shows the expected path of [[Alpha Particle|alpha particles]] through an [[atom]] in the [[Plum Pudding Model]] (Thompson Model) and what was actually observed, which led to the development of the [[Nuclear Model]].
 |}