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Physics Key Stage 4

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[[Main Page]] - [[Science Subject]] - [[Science Key Stage 4]] - [[Physics Key Stage 4]]

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| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" |[[GCSE Physics Exam Papers]]

| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" |[[GCSE Physics Required Practicals]]

|}

{| border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse"

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|[[File:EnergyLogo.png|center|300px|link=KS4 Physics Energy]]

|[[File:ForcesLogo.png|center|300px|link=KS4 Physics Forces]]

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|[[File:ForcesandMotionLogo.png|center|300px|link=KS4 Physics Forces and Motion]]

|[[File:WavesinMatterLogo.png|center|300px|link=KS4 Physics Waves in Matter]]

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|[[File:LightandElectromagneticWavesLogo.png|center|300px|link=KS4 Physics Light and Electromagnetic Waves]]

|[[File:ElectricityLogo.png|center|300px|link=KS4 Physics Electricity]]

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|[[File:MagnetismandElectromagnetismLogo.png|center|300px|link=KS4 Physics Magnetism and Electromagnetism]]

|[[File:TheParticleModelofMatterLogo.png|centre|300px|link=KS4 The Particle Model of Matter]]

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|[[File:AtomicStructureLogo.png|center|300px|link=KS4 Physics Atomic Structure]]

|[[File:SpaceLogo.png|center|300px|link=KS4 Physics Space]]

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==Energy==

===Energy changes in a system, and in the ways energy is stored before and after such changes===

*[[Radiation|Energy Transfer by Radiation]]

*[[Heating|Energy Transfer by Heating]]

[[GCSE Physics Required Practical: Investigating Thermal Insulators]]

====Power Ratings of Electrical Appliances====

====[[Energy Resource]]s====

*[[Non-renewable Energy Resource]]

**[[Coal#Power~~|Coal~~]]**[[~~Crude~~ Oil#Power~~|Crude Oil~~]]**[[~~Natural~~ Gas#Power~~|Natural Gas~~]]**[[Nuclear ~~Fuel#~~Power~~|Nuclear Fuel~~]]

*[[Renewable Energy Resource]]

**[[Biofuel#Power|Biofuel]]

**[[Geothermal#Power|Geothermal]]

**[[Hydroelectric#Power|Hydroelectric]]

**[[Solar#Power|Solar]]

**[[Tidal#Power|Tidal]]

**[[Wave Power#Power|Wave]]

*[[Scale Diagram]]

*[[Resolving Forces]]

*[[Resultant Force]]

====[[Contact Force]]s====

*[[Gravity|Gravitational Force]]

**[[Weight]]

**[[Gravitational Field Strength]]

====Interactions====

*[[Unbalanced Forces]]

**[[Resultant Force]]

**[[Newton's First Law]]

*[[Newton's Third Law]]

**[[Force Pair]]

*[[~~Force~~ EquilibriumForces]]

**[[Deformation]]

***[[Elastic Deformation]]

***[[Hooke's Law]]

***[[Spring Constant]]

***[[Work Done#Equation for Work Done by Deformation|Work Done by Deformation]][[GCSE Physics Required Practical: Investigating Hooke's Law]]

===Work Done as force x distance, energy transfer===

===Pressure and pressure differences in fluids===

*[[Pressure]]

**[[Normal (Physics)|Normal]]

*[[Fluid Pressure]]

*[[Atmospheric Pressure]] ~~explain the variation with height~~*[[Upthrust]] ~~(Higher)~~

===Moments, Levers and gears===

*[[Lever]]s

*[[Gear]]s

==Forces and Motion==

===Speed and velocity, speed as distance over time; acceleration; distance-time and velocity-time graphs===

====Motion====

*[[Vector]]

*[[Scalar]]

*[[Displacement]]

*[[Distance]]

*[[Velocity]]

*[[Speed]]

*[[Acceleration]]

**[[Free Fall]]

**[[Terminal Velocity]]

*[[Circular Motion]]

*[[SUVAT]]

====Graphing Motion====

*[[Distance-Time Graph]]s

*[[Velocity-Time Graph]]s

===Forces, accelerations and Newton’s laws of motion===

*[[Newton's First Law]]

*[[Newton's Second Law]]

**[[Mass|Inertial Mass]]

*[[Newton's Third Law]]

''Higher''

*[[Momentum]]

*[[Conservation of Momentum]]

**[[Conservation of Momentum#Explosions|Explosions]]

**[[Conservation of Momentum#Elastic Collisions|Elastic Collisions]]

**[[Conservation of Momentum#Inelastic Collisions|Inelastic Collisions]]

**[[Impact Force]]s

[[GCSE Physics Required Practical: Investigating Newton's Second Law]]

===Safety in public transport===

*[[Human Reaction Time|Reaction Time]]

*[[Stopping Distance]]

**[[Thinking Distance]]

**[[Braking Distance]]

*[[Decelerate#Rapid Deceleration|Rapid Deceleration]]

==Waves in matter==

===Waves in air, fluids and solids===

====[[Wave Properties]]====

*[[Amplitude]]

*[[Frequency]]

*[[Period]]

*[[Wavelength]]

*[[Wave Speed]]

*[[Transverse Wave]]

*[[Longitudinal Wave]]

====[[Mechanical Wave]]s====

*[[Water Wave]]

*[[Sound|Sound Wave]]

*[[Waves on a String]]

*[[Seismic Wave]]s

[[GCSE Physics Required Practical: Investigating Mechanical Waves]]

===Waves at material interfaces: applications in exploring structures===

*[[Interface]]

**[[Medium]]

*[[Reflection]]

**[[Specular Reflection]]

**[[Diffuse Reflection]]

**[[Law of Reflection]]

*[[Refraction]]

[[GCSE Physics Required Practical: Investigating Reflection and Refraction of Light]]

*[[Transmission]]

*[[Absorb (Physics)|Absorption]]

''Higher''

*[[Sound|Sound Wave]]s

**[[Ear]]

***[[Infrasound]]

***[[Ultrasound]]

**[[Echolocation]]

**[[Ultrasound Imaging]]

*[[Seismic Wave]]s

**[[P-wave]]s

**[[S-wave]]s

***[[Structure of Earth]]

==Light and Electromagnetic Waves==

===Frequency range of the spectrum===

====[[Electromagnetic Wave]]s====

*[[Radiowave]]s

*[[Microwave]]s

*[[Infra-red]]

*[[Light|Visible Light]]

*[[Ultra-violet]]

*[[X-ray]]s

*[[Gamma-ray]]s

===Interactions of electromagnetic radiation with matter and their applications===

*[[Transmission]]

*[[Absorb (Physics)|Absorption]]

*[[Reflection]]

*[[Refraction]]

*[[Radiowave#Making Radiowaves|Making Radiowaves]]

*[[Absorption Spectra]]

*[[Emission Spectra]]

====Applications of Electromagnetic Waves====

*[[Radiowave#Applications|Applications of Radiowaves]]

*[[Microwave#Applications|Applications of Microwaves]]

*[[Infra-red#Applications|Applications of Infra-red]]

*[[Light#Applications|Applications of Visible Light]]

*[[Ultra-violet#Applications|Applications of Ultra-violet]]

*[[X-ray#Applications|Applications of X-rays]]

*[[Gamma-ray#Applications|Applications of Gamma-rays]]

====Dangers of Electromagnetic Waves====

*[[Radiowave#Dangers|Dangers of Radiowaves]]

*[[Microwave#Dangers|Dangers of Microwaves]]

*[[Infra-red#Dangers|Dangers of Infra-red]]

*[[Light#Dangers|Dangers of Visible Light]]

*[[Ultra-violet#Dangers|Dangers of Ultra-violet]]

*[[X-ray#Dangers|Dangers of X-rays]]

*[[Gamma-ray#Dangers|Dangers of Gamma-rays]]

===Lenses===

*[[Refraction]]

*[[Lens]]

**[[Convex Lens]]

**[[Concave Lens]]

**[[Focal Length]]

*[[Image]]

**[[Real Image]]

**[[Virtual Image]]

===Colour and frequency; differential effects in transmission, absorption and diffuse reflection===

*[[Colour]]

*[[Specular Reflection]]

*[[Diffuse Reflection]]

===[[Black Body Radiation]]===

*[[Leslie Cube]]

*[[Temperature Constancy]]

*[[Albedo]]

*[[Greenhouse Effect]]

[[GCSE Physics Required Practical: Investigating Infra-red Radiation]]

==Electricity==

===Current, potential difference and resistance===

====[[Electrical Current]]====

*[[Electrical Charge|Charge]]

*[[Coulomb]]

*[[Ammeter]]

*[[Amp]]

====[[Potential Difference]]====

*[[Voltmeter]]

*[[Volt]]s

====[[Electrical Resistance|Resistance]]====

*[[Electrical Conductor|Conductor]]

**[[Ohmic Conductor]]

**[[Ohm's Law]]

*[[Electrical Insulator|Insulator]]

*[[Ohm]]

*[[Resistor]]

**[[Resistor#Resistors in Series|Resistors in Series]]

**[[Resistor#Resistors in Parallel|Resistors in Parallel]]

[[GCSE Physics Required Practical: Investigating Resistance]]

====[[Electrical Components]]====

*[[Electrical Cell|Cell]]

**[[Battery]]

*[[Variable Power Supply]]

*[[Alternating Current Supply]]

*[[Wire]]s

*[[Electrical Bulb]]

*[[Switch]]

*[[Buzzer]]

*[[Motor]]

*[[Voltmeter]]

*[[Ammeter]]

*[[Resistor]]s

**[[Variable Resistor]]

**[[Light Dependent Resistor]]

**[[Thermistor]]

*[[Diode]]

*[[Light Emitting Diode]]

*[[Electrical Fuse]]

*[[Electrical Heater]]

====[[IV Graph]]====

*[[Resistor#IV Graph|Resistor IV Graph]]

*[[Electrical Bulb#IV Graph|Bulb IV Graph]]

*[[Diode#IV Graph|Diode IV Graph]]

*[[Thermistor#IV Graph|Thermistor IV Graph]]

*[[Light Dependent Resistor#IV Graph|Light Dependent Resistor IV Graph]]

[[GCSE Physics Required Practical: Investigating Electrical Components]]

===Series and Parallel Circuits===

*[[Electrical Component|Circuit Component]]s

*[[Circuit Diagram]]

*[[Circuit]]

*[[Series Circuit]]

**[[Series Circuit|Resistors in Series]]

*[[Parallel Circuit]]

**[[Parallel Circuit|Resistors in Parallel]]

===Domestic uses and safety===

*[[Mains Electricity]]

*[[Direct Current]]

*[[Alternating Current]]

*[[3-Core]]

*[[Electrical Plug]]

**[[Earth Wire]]

**[[Live Wire]]

**[[Electrical Fuse|Fuse]]

**[[Neutral Wire]]

===Energy transfers===

*[[Electrical Power]]

**[[Watt]]s

*[[Motor#Energy Transfers|Energy Transfers in a Motor]]

*[[Electrical Heater#Energy Transfers|Energy Transfers in an Electrical Heater]]

*[[National Grid]]

===Static electricity – forces and electric fields===

''Higher''

*[[Static Electricity]]

**[[Electrical Charge|Charge]]

**[[Electron]]s

**[[Electrostatic Field]]

**[[Electrostatic Potential]]

**[[Electrostatic Induction]]

==Magnetism and Electromagnetism==

===Permanent and induced magnetism, magnetic forces and fields===

====[[Magnetism]]====

*[[Magnet]]s

**[[Poles]]

*[[Permanent Magnet]]

*[[Induced Magnet]]

*[[Magnetic Field]]

**[[Magnetic Flux Density]]

**[[Tesla]]

*[[Compass]]

*[[Earth#Earth's Magnetic Field|Earth's Magnetic Field]]

===Magnetic effects of currents and the motor effect===

*[[Wire]]

*[[Solenoid]]

*[[Electromagnet]]s

''Higher''

*[[Motor Effect]]

*[[Fleming's Left Hand Rule]]

*[[D.C. Motor]]

===Induced potential, transformers and the national grid===

*[[Generator Effect]]

*[[Lenz's Law]]

*[[Alternator]]

*[[Dynamo]]

*[[Electrical Transformer|Transformers]]

===Microphones and speakers; oscillating currents in detection and generation of radiation===

*[[Microphone]]

*[[Speaker]]

==Particle Model of Matter==

===Changes of state and the particle model===

*[[Density]]

[[GCSE Physics Required Practical: Calculating Densities]]

*[[Particle Model]]

**[[Solid]]

**[[Liquid]]

**[[Gas]]

*[[State Change]]

*[[Melting]]

**[[Melting Point]]

*[[Freezing]]

*[[Evaporating]]

*[[Boiling]]

**[[Boiling Point]]

*[[Condensing]]

*[[Subliming]]

*[[Depositing]]

===Internal energy, energy transfers and particle motions===

*[[Internal Energy]]

*[[Thermal Energy Store]]

*[[Specific Heat Capacity]]

[[GCSE Physics Required Practical: Determining Specific Heat Capacity]]

*[[Specific Latent Heat]]

**[[Specific Latent Heat of Vaporisation]]

**[[Specific Latent Heat of Fusion]]

===Particle model and pressure===

*[[Kinetic Theory]]

*[[Gas Pressure]]

==Atomic Structure==

===Nuclear atom and isotopes===

*[[Dalton Model|The Dalton Model of the Atom]]

*[[Plum Pudding Model|The Plum Pudding Model of the Atom]]

*[[Nuclear Model|The Nuclear Model of the Atom]]

**[[Rutherford's Alpha Scattering Experiment]]

*[[Bohr Model|The Bohr Model of the Atom]]

**[[Energy Level]]

*[[Atom|The Atom]]

*[[Atomic Nucleus|Nucleus]]

**[[Nucleon]]

**[[Proton]]s

**[[Neutron]]s

*[[Electron]]s

**[[Electron Orbital|Electron Shells]]

*[[Atomic Number]]

**[[Relative Atomic Charge]]

*[[Relative Atomic Mass]]

**[[Isotope]]s

*[[Calculating the Numbers of Protons, Neutrons and Electrons]]

===Absorption and emission of ionizing radiations and of electrons and nuclear particles===

*[[Bohr Model|The Bohr Model of the Atom]]

**[[Energy Level]]

**[[Outer Shell]]

**[[Ion]]s

*[[Unstable Isotope]]s

*[[Radioactive Decay]]

**[[Ionising Radiation]]

***[[Alpha Particle|Alpha Radiation]]

***[[Beta Particle|Beta Radiation]]

***[[Gamma-ray|Gamma Radiation]]

***[[Neutron Radiation]]

*[[Penetration Depth]]

*[[Ionising Potential]]

*[[Contamination]]

*[[Irradiation]]

*[[Nuclear Equation]]s

*[[Half Life]]

===Hazards and uses of radioactive emissions and of background radiation===

*[[Radioactivity]]

*[[Count Rate]]

**[[Becquerel]]

*[[Radiation Dose]]

**[[Sievert]]

*[[Ionising Radiation]]

*[[Half Life]]

*[[Nuclear Waste]]

**[[High Level Nuclear Waste]]

**[[Intermediate Level Nuclear Waste]]

**[[Low Level Nuclear Waste]]

*[[Background Radiation]] - jobs

*[[Geiger Counter]]

*[[Ionising Radiation#Medical Applications|Medical Uses of Ionising Radiation]]

**[[Radioactive Tracer]]

**[[Irradiating Tumours]]

===Nuclear fission and fusion===

*[[Unstable Isotope]]

*[[Nuclear Fission]]

**[[Nuclear Chain Reaction]]

**[[Nuclear Fission Reactor]]

***[[Fuel Rod]]

***[[Control Rod]]

***[[Moderator]]

*[[Nuclear Fusion]]

*[[Mass-Energy Equivalence]]

==Space Physics==

===Solar system; stability of orbital motions; satellites===

*[[Gravity]]

**[[Weight]]

**[[Gravitational Field Strength]]

**[[Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation]]

**[[Orbit]]

*[[Solar System]]

**[[The Solar System]]

**[[The Sun]]

**[[Planet]]

**[[Dwarf Planet]]

**[[Satellite]]

***[[Artificial Satellite]]

**[[Moon]]

***[[The Moon]]

**[[Earth]]

*[[Lifecycle of a Star]]

*[[Star]]s

**[[Low Mass Star]]

***[[Nebula]]

***[[Protostar]]

***[[Main Sequence Star]]

***[[Red Giant]]

***[[White Dwarf]]

***[[Black Dwarf]]

**[[High Mass Star]]

***[[Nebula]]

***[[Protostar]]

***[[Main Sequence Star]]

***[[Red Super Giant]]

***[[Supernova]]

***[[Neutron Star]]

***[[Black Hole]]

===Red-shift as sources move away; the ‘big bang’ and universal expansion===

*[[Galaxy]]

*[[Universe]]

*[[Light Year]]

*[[Doppler Effect]]

**[[Red Shift]]

**[[Blue Shift]]

*[[Big Bang Theory]]

**[[Cosmic Microwave Background]]

*[[Steady State Theory]]

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