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==Understanding the Modern World==
===America, 1840-1895: Expansion and Consolidation===
====Expansion: Opportunities and Challenges====
=====[[North America]]=====
*[[Geography]]
*[[Great American Desert]]
*[[Manifest Destiny]]
===[[Going West]]===
*[[Early American Settlers]]
*[[Mormons]]
**[[The Mountain Meadows Massacre]]
*[[Journey]]
*[[Pioneer Migrant Farmers]]
*[[Miners]]
===[[Plains Indians]]===
*[[Culture and Way of Life]]
*[[Early Government Policy]]
*[[Permanent Indian Frontier]]
*[[Relationship with the Plains Indians]]
===[[Conflict across America]]===
====[[Conflict on the Plains]]====
*[[Fort Laramie Treaty]]
*[[Policy of Concentration]]
*[[The Indian Wars]]
**[[Causes]]
**[[Consequences]]
*[[Sand Creek Massacre]]
*[[Fetterman’s Trap]]
===[[American Civil War]]===
*[[Differences between North and South]]
*[[Slavery]]
*[[Westwards Expansion]]
*[[Free States Abolitionism]]
*[[Missouri Compromise]]
*[[John Brown]]
*[[Abraham Lincoln]]
*[[Jefferson Davis]]
*[[Social impact of the Civil War]]
*[[Economic impact of the Civil War]]
===[[Aftermath of the Civil War]]===
*[[13th Amendment]]
*[[Civil Rights Act]]
*[[Rebuilding the South]]
*[[1866-1877]]
*[[Carpetbaggers]]
*[[Federal and State Powers]]
===[[Settlement of the West]]===
*[[The Homesteaders]]
*[[Why West?]]
*[[Government Actions and Laws]]
*[[Land and Railroads]]
*[[Farming Problems]]
**[[Farming Solutions]]
===[[The Resolution of the ‘Indian Problem’]]===
*[[The Small Reservations Policy]]
*[[Attitudes towards Native Americans]]
*[[Battle of the Little Big Horn]]
*[[The Dawes Act]]
*[[Battle of Wounded Knee]]
*[[The Closing of the Frontier]]
**[[The Impact on Native Americans]]
==Germany, 1890-1945: Democracy and dictatorship==
====Germany and the Growth of Democracy====
=====[[Ruling Germany]]=====
*[[Germany]]
*[[Kaiser Wilhelm]]
*[[Difficulties in Ruling Germany]]
*[[Rise of Parliamentary Government]]
*[[Influence of Prussian Militarism]]
*[[Industrialisation in Germany]]
*[[Social Reform]]
**[[The Growth of Socialism]]
*[[Navy Laws]]
===[[WWI]]===
*[[War Weariness]]
*[[Economic Problems caused by WWI]]
*[[Defeat in WWI]]
*[[The End of German Monarchy]]
*[[The Crisis of 1923]]
**[[Reparations]]
**[[The Occupation of the Ruhr]]
**[[Hyperinflation]]
===[[Weimar Democracy]]===
*[[Political Change and Unrest in Germany, 1919-1923]]
**[[Spartacists]]
**[[Kapp Putsch]]
**[[Munich Putsch]]
*[[Economic Recovery and Developments under Stresemann]]
*[[Gustav Stresemann]]
**[[Reichsmark]]
**[[Dawes Plan]]
**[[Young Plan]]
**[[International Impact]]
*[[Weimar Culture]]
===[[Germany and the Depression]]===
*[[Great Depression]]
*[[Adolf Hitler]]
*[[National Socialism]]
*[[Rise of Extremism in Germany]]
**[[Right-Wing Extremism]]
**[[Rise of the National Socialists]]
***[[Role of the SA]]
*[[Hitler’s Appeal to the Masses]]
===[[The Failure of Weimar Democracy]]===
*[[Election Results]]
*[[Franz von Papen]]
*[[President Hindenburg]]
*[[Hitler becomes Chancellor]]
===[[Establishing Hitler’s Dictatorship]]===
*[[Reichstag Fire]]
*[[Enabling Act]]
*[[Elimination of Political Opposition]]
*[[Trade Unions in Germany]]
*[[Ernst Rohm]]
*[[Night of the Long Knives]]
*[[Führer]]
===The Experiences of Germans under the Nazis===
====[[Economic Changes under the Nazis]]====
*[[Economic Benefits]]
*[[Economic Drawbacks]]
*[[Employment under the Nazis]]
**[[Public Works Programmes]]
*[[Rearmament]]
*[[Self-Sufficiency]]
*[[Economy during the War]]
===[[The Impact of War on the German People]]===
*[[Bombing]]
*[[Rationing]]
*[[Labour Shortages]]
*[[Refugees]]
===[[Social Policy under the Nazis]]===
*[[Joseph Goebbels]]
*[[Nazi Propaganda]]
*[[Censorship under the Nazis]]
*[[Nazi Culture]]
*[[Repression and the Police State]]
*[[Heinrich Himmler]]
*[[SS]]
*[[Gestapo]]
===[[Opposition to the Nazis]]===
*[[White Rose Group]]
*[[Swing Youth]]
*[[Edelweiss Pirates]]
*[[Stauffenberg Plot]]
==Russia, 1894-1945: Tsardom and Communism==
===The End of Tsardom===
====[[Russian Economy and Society]]====
*[[Russia]]
*[[Tsardom]]
*[[Absolutism]]
*[[Russian Industrialisation]]
*[[Living and Working in Russia]]
===[[Nicholas II]]===
*[[Autocracy in Russia]]
*[[Nicholas’ Court]]
===[[Revolutionary Tensions in Russia]]===
*[[Revolution]]
*[[Growth of Revolutionary Tensions]]
*[[1905 Russian Revolution]]
*[[October Manifesto]]
*[[Attempts to reform Russia]]
*[[Dumas]]
*[[Pyotr Stolypin]]
**[[Stolypin’s Policies]]
===[[WWI]]===
*[[Impact of WWI on Tsarist Government]]
*[[Social Effects of WWI in Russia]]
*[[Economic Effects of WWI in Russia]]
*[[Unpopularity of the Romanovs]]
**[[Rasputin]]
*[[Abdication of Nicholas I]]
===Lenin’s New Society===
====[[The Provisional Government]]====
*[[Communism]]
**[[Karl Marx]]
*[[Bolshevism]]
*[[Failure to deal with Russia’s problems]]
**[[Social]]
**[[Economic]]
**[[Military]]
*[[Leon Trotsky]]
*[[Vladimir Lenin]]
*[[Rise of the Bolsheviks]]
*[[October Revolution]]
===[[Lenin’s Dictatorship]]===
*[[Dictatorship]]
*[[USSR]]
*[[End of WWI]]
*[[Cheka]]
*[[Red Army]]
*[[Russian Civil War]]
**[[Causes]]
**[[Events]]
**[[Consequences]]
*[[Bolshevik Propaganda]]
===[[Social and Economic Developments under Bolshevism]]===
*[[War Communism]]
*[[Kronstadt Rising]]
*[[New Economic Policy]]
*[[Achievements of Lenin and Trostsky]]
===Stalin’s USSR===
====[[Joseph Stalin]]====
*[[Lenin’s Succession]]
*[[Communist Control of Government]]
*[[Red Terror]]
*[[The Purges]]
*[[Stalin’s Army]]
*[[Stalin’s Secret Police]]
*[[Labour Camps under Stalin]]
*[[Censorship under Stalin]]
*[[Stalin’s Cult of Personality]]
*[[Propaganda under Stalin]]
===[[Stalin’s Modernisation of the USSR]]===
*[[Collectivisation]]
*[[Five Year Plans]]
*[[Kulaks]]
**[[Social and Economic Consequences for Kulaks]]
*[[Society under Stalin]]
**[[City Dwellers under Stalin]]
**[[Women under Stalin]]
**[[Workers under Stalin]]
*[[Results of Modernisation]]
===[[Impact of WWII on USSR]]===
*[[Stalin’s Wartime Leadership]]
*[[Great Patriotic War]]
*[[Problems caused by WWII in Russia]]
**[[Economic Effects of WWII in Russia]]
**[[Social Effects of WWII in Russia]]
**[[Political Effects of WWII in Russia]]
==America,1920-1973: Opportunity and Inequality==
===American People and ‘The Boom’===
====[[The ‘Boom’]]====
*[[Stock Market]]
**[[Wall Street]]
*[[Benefits of the ‘Boom’]]
*[[Advertising and Consumer Society in 1920s America]]
*[[Hire Purchase]]
*[[Mass Production]]
**[[Ford and the Motor Industry]]
*[[Wealth Inequality]]
**[[Wealth Inequality in 1920s America]]
*[[Republican Government Policies, 1920s]]
**[[Republican Party]]
*[[Stock Market Boom]]
===[[Social and Cultural Developments in 1920s America]]===
*[[Entertainment in 1920s America]]
**[[Cinema]]
**[[Jazz]]
*[[Women in 1920s American Society]]
**[[Flappers]]
*[[Organised Crime]]
*[[Prohibition]]
**[[Impact of Prohibition on Society]]
*[[Racism in 1920s America]]
**[[Causes of Racism in 1920s America]]
**[[Klu Klux Klan (KKK)]]
*[[Immigrants in 1920s America]]
**[[Impacts of Immigrants on American Society]]
*[[Red Scare]]
**[[Sacco and Vanzetti Case]]
===Bust- American’s Experiences of the Depression and New Deal===
====[[American Society during the Great Depression]]====
*[[Unemployment during the Great Depression]]
*[[Farming during the Great Depression]]
*[[Businessmen during the Great Depression]]
*[[Herbert Hoover]]
**[[Hoover’s Responses]]
**[[Hoover’s Unpopularity]]
*[[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]
**[[Roosevelt’s Election]]
*[[New Deal]]
**[[Effects of the New Deal on Society]]
**[[Successes of the New Deal]]
**[[Limitations of the New Deal]]
**[[Opposition to the New Deal from Supreme Court]]
***[[Supreme Court]]
*[[Republicans]]
**[[Radical Politicians]]
*[[Roosevelt as President]]
*[[Pop Culture in Pre-War America]]
===[[Impact of WWII]]===
*[[WWII]]
*[[Impacts of WWII on America]]
*[[America’s Economic Recovery]]
*[[Lend Lease]]
*[[Exports in Post-War America]]
*[[Social Developments in Post-War America]]
**[[Experiences of African-Americans in Post-War America]]
**[[Experiences of Women in Post-War America]]
===Post-War America===
====[[Post-War American Society and Economy]]====
*[[Consumerism]]
*[[Causes of Prosperity in Post-War America]]
*[[The American Dream]]
*[[McCarthyism]]
*[[Popular Culture in Post-War America]]
**[[Rock and Roll Music]]
**[[Television]]
===[[Civil Rights Movement]]===
*[[Segregation Laws]]
*[[Martin Luther King]]
*[[Peaceful Protest]]
*[[Malcolm X]]
*[[Black Power Movement]]
*[[Civil Rights Act 1964]]
*[[Civil Rights Act 1968]]
===[[America and the ‘Great Society’]]===
*[[John F. Kennedy]]
**[[Kennedy’s Social Policies]]
*[[Lyndon B. Johnson]]
**[[Johnson’s Social Policies]]
*[[Feminism in 1960s and ‘70s America]]
**[[Fight for Equal Pay in 1960s and ‘70s America]]
**[[National Organisation for Women]]
**[[Roe v Wade (1973)]]
**[[Supreme Court Ruling on Equal Rights (1972)
**[[Opposition to Equal Rights Amendment]]