2,903
edits
Changes
no edit summary
: The [[Nuclear Model]] was first proposed by [[Ernest Rutherford]] after he successfully disproved the [[Plum Pudding Model]] of the [[atom]] using his [[Rutherford's Alpha Scattering Experiment|alpha scattering experiment]].
: In the [[Nuclear Model]] most of the [[atom]] is empty space. The majority of the [[mass]] of the [[atom]] is concentrated in a small central [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]]. This central [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] has a strong [[Positive Charge|positive charge]] while [[Negative Charge|negatively charged]] [[electron]]s [[orbit]] the [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]].
===Evidence for the Nuclear Model===
: In [[Rutherford's Alpha Scattering Experiment]] several observations about the path of [[Alpha Particle|alpha particles]] through a thin sheet of [[Gold]] foil that led to the development of the [[Nuclear Model]]:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" |'''Observation'''
| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" |'''Conclusion'''
|-
| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" |Most of the [[Alpha Particle|alpha particle]]s pass straight through the foil.
| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" |The [[atom]] must be mostly empty space.
|-
| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" |Some of the [[Alpha Particle|alpha particle]]s were deflected by a small angle.
| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" |The [[mass]] of the [[atom]] must be concentrated in an extremely small [[Volume (Space)|volume]] in the centre.
|-
| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" |A very small number of [[Alpha Particle|alpha particle]]s came back in the direction of the detector. (Deflected more than 90°.)
| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" |The centre of an [[atom]] must have a strong positive charge.
The [[electron]]s must not be in the centre of the [[atom]], they must be [[orbit]]ing the [[nucleus]].
|}
===References===
====AQA====
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782946403/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782946403&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=32a0abb60dff015b15b50e9b1d7b4644 ''Nuclear model (atoms), pages 109, 110, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Physics, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945970/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945970&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a120d24dcc7cc7a58192069a3aafc1d2 ''Nuclear model (atoms), pages 121, 122, GCSE Physics; The Complete 9-1 Course for AQA, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945598/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945598&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ad276ad49df77ab4b40ab4fd0fe10115 ''Nuclear model (of the atom), pages 104, 197, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851370/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851370&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=01c69b0ae058f809cf636033e6ba793e ''Nuclear model of the atom, pages 91-2, GCSE Physics, Hodder, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945571/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945571&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9e29fad914244909903e5e93f8a01d197 ''Nuclear model, page 19, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/178294558X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=178294558X&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=f0dfb66dafcb0c6e9449e7b1a4ae1ac340 ''Nuclear model, page 43, GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945962/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945962&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=476bb5c8d1dfb5c08ac81b6d4d1c98d8 ''Nuclear model, pages 22, 23, 42, 43, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/178294639X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=178294639X&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=51599bb45a2bfaf7c1b6a978b2ca2616 ''Nuclear model, pages 22, 23, 42, 43, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Chemistry, CGP, AQA '']
====Edexcel====
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948147/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948147&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=f63dcd8345f4e49c717b39a228a36c7c ''Nuclear model, pages 32-34, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, Edexcel '']