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==Key Stage 4==
===Meaning===
[[Alkane]]s are the simplest form of [[hydrocarbon]] [[compound]]s with no [[Double Bond|double bonds]] and the [[General Formula (Chemistry)|general formula]]; C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n+2</sub>
===About Alkanes===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| style="height:20px; width:150px75px; text-align:center;" || style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" |'''[[Methane]]'''| style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" |'''[[Ethane]]'''| style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" |'''[[Propane]]'''| style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" |'''[[Butane]]'''
|-
| style="height:20px; width:150px75px; text-align:center;" |[[Chemical Formula]] (C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n+2</sub>)
| style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" |CH<sub>4</sub>
| style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" |C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>
| style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" |C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>10</sub>
|-
| style="height:20px; width:150px75px; text-align:center;" |[[Structural Formula]]
| style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" |CH<sub>4</sub>
| style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" |CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>
| style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" |CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>
|-
| style="height:20px; width:150px75px; text-align:center;" |[[Structural Diagram]]|[[File:StructuralDiagramMethane.png|center|150px75px]]|[[File:StructuralDiagramEthane.png|center|150px100px]]
|[[File:StructuralDiagramPropane.png|center|125px]]
|[[File:StructuralDiagramButane.png|center|150px]]
|-
| style="height:20px; width:150px75px; text-align:center;" |[[Ball and Stick Model]]|[[File:BallandStickMethane.png|center|150px75px]]|[[File:BallandStickEthane.png|center|150px100px]]
|[[File:BallandStickPropane.png|center|125px]]
|[[File:BallandStickButane.png|center|150px]]
|}
===Reactions of Alkanes===
====Combustion====
During [[combustion]] of [[alkane]]s the [[Carbon]] and [[Hydrogen]] [[atom]]s are [[oxidised]] to produce [[Carbon Dioxide]] and [[Water]].
=====Complete Combustion=====
[[Complete Combustion|Complete combustion]] occurs when there is enough [[Oxygen]] to completely [[Oxidise]] all of the [[atom]]s in the [[alkane]].
In the [[Complete Combustion|complete combustion]] of [[alkane]]s the only [[product]]s are [[Carbon Dioxide]] and [[Water]].
: [[Methane]] + [[Oxygen]] → [[Carbon Dioxide]] + [[Water]]
: CH<sub>4</sub> + 2O<sub>2</sub> → CO<sub>2</sub> + 2H<sub>2</sub>O
: [[Ethane]] + [[Oxygen]] → [[Carbon Dioxide]] + [[Water]]
: 2C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub> + 7O<sub>2</sub> → 4CO<sub>2</sub> + 6H<sub>2</sub>O
: [[Propane]] + [[Oxygen]] → [[Carbon Dioxide]] + [[Water]]
: C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub> + 5O<sub>2</sub> → 3CO<sub>2</sub> + 4H<sub>2</sub>O
: [[Butane]] + [[Oxygen]] → [[Carbon Dioxide]] + [[Water]]
: 2C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>10</sub> + 13O<sub>2</sub> → 8CO<sub>2</sub> + 10H<sub>2</sub>O
=====Incomplete Combustion=====
[[Incomplete Combustion|Incomplete combustion]] occurs when there is not enough [[Oxygen]] to [[Oxidise]] all of the [[atom]]s in the [[alkane]].
During [[Incomplete Combustion|incomplete combustion]] of [[alkane]]s the [[product]]s may include [[Carbon]] ([[soot]]) and [[Carbon Monoxide]].
: [[Methane]] + [[Oxygen]] → [[Soot]] + [[Water]]
: CH<sub>4</sub> + O<sub>2</sub> → C + 2H<sub>2</sub>O
: [[Methane]] + [[Oxygen]] → [[Carbon Monoxide]] + [[Water]]
: 2CH<sub>4</sub> + 3O<sub>2</sub> → 2CO + 4H<sub>2</sub>O
: [[Ethane]] + [[Oxygen]] → [[Soot]] + [[Water]]
: 2C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub> + 3O<sub>2</sub> → 4C + 6H<sub>2</sub>O
: [[Ethane]] + [[Oxygen]] → [[Carbon Monoxide]] + [[Water]]
: 2C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub> + 5O<sub>2</sub> → 4CO + 6H<sub>2</sub>O
: [[Ethane]] + [[Oxygen]] → [[Soot]] + [[Carbon Monoxide]] + [[Water]]
: 2C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub> + 4O<sub>2</sub> → 2C + 2CO + 6H<sub>2</sub>O
===References===
====AQA====
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945598/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945598&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ad276ad49df77ab4b40ab4fd0fe09666 ''Alkanes, page 146, 148, 149, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA'']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/178294639X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=178294639X&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=51599bb45a2bfaf7c1b6a978b2ca2616 ''Alkanes, pages 124-126, 130, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Chemistry, CGP, AQA'']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851362/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851362&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=7d78d70a2044ee9982dae010c94af92a ''Alkanes, pages 143-4, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 2, Hodder, AQA'']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359381/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359381&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=47c8d1ae58d8b3a5e2094cd447154558 ''Alkanes, pages 149, 160, GCSE Chemistry; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA'']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851346/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851346&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3ac654f4b0da781c49c855a1af4c92ea ''Alkanes, pages 172-3, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA'']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/178294639X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=178294639X&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=51599bb45a2bfaf7c1b6a978b2ca2616 ''Alkanes, pages 188-192, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Chemistry, CGP, AQA'']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945962/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945962&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=476bb5c8d1dfb5c08ac81b6d4d1c98d8 ''Alkanes, pages 220 -224, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, AQA'']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0008158762/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0008158762&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a0fffa35b3ea49a63404f6704e0df7cc ''Alkanes, pages 228-9, 233, 238-9, 236-41, GCSE Chemistry; Student Book, Collins, AQA'']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945571/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945571&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9e29fad914244909903e5e93f8a01d37 ''Alkanes, pages 75-77, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA'']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851362/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851362&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=7d78d70a2044ee9982dae010c94af92a ''Alkanes; Complete combustion of, pages 145-6, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 2, Hodder, AQA'']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851362/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851362&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=7d78d70a2044ee9982dae010c94af92a ''Alkanes; Cracking, pages 147-8, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 2, Hodder, AQA'']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851346/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851346&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3ac654f4b0da781c49c855a1af4c92ea ''Alkanes; cracking, pages 176-7, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA'']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0008158762/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0008158762&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a0fffa35b3ea49a63404f6704e0df7cc ''Alkanes; reaction of, 240-1, GCSE Chemistry; Student Book, Collins, AQA']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0008158762/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0008158762&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a0fffa35b3ea49a63404f6704e0df7cc ''Alkanes; structure and formulae, 238-9, GCSE Chemistry; Student Book, Collins, AQA']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851346/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851346&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3ac654f4b0da781c49c855a1af4c92ea ''Alkanes; use as fuels, pages 1744-5, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA']
====Edexcel====
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120193/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120193&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=572df39392fb4200db8391d98ae6314e ''Alkane homologous series, pages 268-269, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120193/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120193&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=572df39392fb4200db8391d98ae6314e ''Alkanes, page 268, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945741/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945741&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=30da4f2178da182547b62a7329d13b57 ''Alkanes, pages 137, 138, 140, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120215/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120215&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=8f96ddb76196848bafdb124354e4cf77 ''Alkanes, pages 154, 172, 178, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948147/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948147&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=f63dcd8345f4e49c717b39a228a36c7c ''Alkanes, pages 253, 256, 262, 263, 284-287, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, Edexcel '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945725/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945725&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=694be7494de75af3349537d34e13f7f0 ''Alkanes, pages 87, 88, 90, 98, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120215/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120215&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=8f96ddb76196848bafdb124354e4cf77 ''Alkanes; homologous series, pages 154-155, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120215/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120215&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=8f96ddb76196848bafdb124354e4cf77 ''Alkanes; reactions, pages 174-175, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel '']
====OCR====
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945695/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945695&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ceafcc80bcad6b6754ee97a0c7ceea53 ''Alkanes, pages 141, 143, Gateway GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359829/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359829&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=90e8d7b4f039d53035238fa0320fe00b ''Alkanes, pages 230-231, 238-239, 240, Gateway GCSE Chemistry, Oxford, OCR '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945679/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945679&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a2db42f7b4bdf10cafaafa3bb9120940 ''Alkanes, pages 88, 92-94, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR Gateway '']