Difference between revisions of "Antibody"
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==Key Stage 3== | ==Key Stage 3== | ||
===Meaning=== | ===Meaning=== | ||
| − | An [[antibody]] is a [[chemical]] made by [[white blood cells]] that help fight [[infection]]. | + | An [[antibody]] is a [[chemical]] made by [[White Blood Cell|white blood cells]] that help fight [[infection]]. |
==Key Stage 4== | ==Key Stage 4== | ||
| Line 8: | Line 8: | ||
===About Antibodies=== | ===About Antibodies=== | ||
| + | : [[Antibody|Antibodies]] attach themselves to [[chemical]]s known as [[antigen]]s which are [[protein]]s found on the surfaces of different [[pathogen]]s or other [[Cell (Biology)|cells]]. | ||
: Some '''antibodies''' can directly damage or destroy a [[pathogen]]. | : Some '''antibodies''' can directly damage or destroy a [[pathogen]]. | ||
: Some '''antibodies''' attach themselves to [[pathogen]]s to make it easier for [[phagocyte]]s to engulf and destroy them. They act like tags to tell the [[phagocyte]]s which [[Cell (Biology)|cells]] to attack. | : Some '''antibodies''' attach themselves to [[pathogen]]s to make it easier for [[phagocyte]]s to engulf and destroy them. They act like tags to tell the [[phagocyte]]s which [[Cell (Biology)|cells]] to attack. | ||
| + | : When an [[organism]] is [[infected]] [[lymphocyte]]s produce hundreds of different '''antibodies''' until one works. | ||
| + | : Once a [[lymphocyte]] has produce a working [[antibody]] it will remember and reproduce it any time the same [[pathogen]] [[infection|infects]] the [[organism]]. | ||
| + | : If a patient's own '''antibodies''' are not able to get rid of a [[pathogen]] [[scientist]]s can find and [[organism]] that makes '''antibodies''' that do work and copy them to be injected into the patient. These are called [[Monoclonal Antibody|monoclonal '''antibodies''']]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===References=== | ||
| + | ====AQA==== | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782946381/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782946381&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=5ec5fc3f6429e30c1d9ab9bca2bccf93 ''Antibodies, pages 130, 131, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Biology, CGP, AQA'] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945954/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945954&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=100574c08fbbb64318256eb79ed61a76 ''Antibodies, pages 136, 137, GCSE Biology, CGP, AQA'] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945598/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945598&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ad276ad49df77ab4b40ab4fd0fe09687 ''Antibodies, pages 32, 46, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA'] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945563/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945563&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9a1d023a374038e6072f33c4f3cf808b ''Antibodies, pages 36, 49, GCSE Biology; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA'] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851354/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851354&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9012a0d354024419214fb3ad5ac44ba0 ''Antibodies, pages 55, 86, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 1, Hodder, AQA'] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851338/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851338&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=425855d5890466e47189e1c21b67a1ea ''Antibodies, pages 55, 87-8, GCSE Biology, Hodder, AQA'] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359373/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359373&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=952a73bbb09d222ecc4b50d200679849 ''Antibodies, pages 93, 106-109, GCSE Biology; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA'] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851338/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851338&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=425855d5890466e47189e1c21b67a1ea ''Antibodies; monoclonal, pages 97-101, GCSE Biology, Hodder, AQA'] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0008158754/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0008158754&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=27ad53b0283feeff7fc5ae04a9e205f42 ''Antibody, pages 116, 150-1, 158-9, 246, GCSE Biology; Student Book, Collins, AQA'] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0008158754/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0008158754&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=27ad53b0283feeff7fc5ae04a9e205f43 ''Antibody; monoclonal (mAB), pages 158-9, 161, 179, GCSE Biology; Student Book, Collins, AQA'] | ||
| + | ====Edexcel==== | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120207/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120207&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=22455ff53961978667722edaa64c0be5 ''Antibodies, pages 114, 167, GCSE Biology, Pearson, Edexcel ''] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948120/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948120&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=dedef775c6a43dbb0a609441525adac0 ''Antibodies, pages 165-167, 169-172, 263, GCSE Biology, CGP, Edexcel ''] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945741/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945741&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=30da4f2178da182547b62a7329d13b57 ''Antibodies, pages 41, 42, 61, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel ''] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782946748/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782946748&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a4f0348fc37d0ba1bb52d27f8679581f ''Antibodies, pages 58-61, 89, GCSE Biology; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel ''] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120207/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120207&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=22455ff53961978667722edaa64c0be5 ''Antibodies; monoclonal, pages 120-121, GCSE Biology, Pearson, Edexcel ''] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====OCR==== | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359810/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359810&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=d768d99f1a06f7c12fab40e5aef85a55 ''Antibodies, pages 223-225, Gateway GCSE Biology, Oxford, OCR ''] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945695/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945695&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ceafcc80bcad6b6754ee97a0c7ceea53 ''Antibodies, pages 71, 72, Gateway GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR ''] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945660/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945660&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=83aa4500ad7759e7f401a1c5ba5df758 ''Antibodies, pages 94, 95, 100, 101, Gateway GCSE Biology; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR ''] | ||
Latest revision as of 17:30, 30 November 2019
Contents
Key Stage 3
Meaning
An antibody is a chemical made by white blood cells that help fight infection.
Key Stage 4
Meaning
An antibody is a chemical made by lymphocytes that is used to fight pathogens.
About Antibodies
- Antibodies attach themselves to chemicals known as antigens which are proteins found on the surfaces of different pathogens or other cells.
- Some antibodies can directly damage or destroy a pathogen.
- Some antibodies attach themselves to pathogens to make it easier for phagocytes to engulf and destroy them. They act like tags to tell the phagocytes which cells to attack.
- When an organism is infected lymphocytes produce hundreds of different antibodies until one works.
- Once a lymphocyte has produce a working antibody it will remember and reproduce it any time the same pathogen infects the organism.
- If a patient's own antibodies are not able to get rid of a pathogen scientists can find and organism that makes antibodies that do work and copy them to be injected into the patient. These are called monoclonal antibodies.
References
AQA
- Antibodies, pages 130, 131, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Biology, CGP, AQA'
- Antibodies, pages 136, 137, GCSE Biology, CGP, AQA'
- Antibodies, pages 32, 46, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA'
- Antibodies, pages 36, 49, GCSE Biology; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA'
- Antibodies, pages 55, 86, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 1, Hodder, AQA'
- Antibodies, pages 55, 87-8, GCSE Biology, Hodder, AQA'
- Antibodies, pages 93, 106-109, GCSE Biology; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA'
- Antibodies; monoclonal, pages 97-101, GCSE Biology, Hodder, AQA'
- Antibody, pages 116, 150-1, 158-9, 246, GCSE Biology; Student Book, Collins, AQA'
- Antibody; monoclonal (mAB), pages 158-9, 161, 179, GCSE Biology; Student Book, Collins, AQA'
Edexcel
- Antibodies, pages 114, 167, GCSE Biology, Pearson, Edexcel
- Antibodies, pages 165-167, 169-172, 263, GCSE Biology, CGP, Edexcel
- Antibodies, pages 41, 42, 61, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel
- Antibodies, pages 58-61, 89, GCSE Biology; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel
- Antibodies; monoclonal, pages 120-121, GCSE Biology, Pearson, Edexcel