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: [[Crude Oil]] has [[energy]] in its [[Chemical Potential Energy Store|chemical potential energy store]] which can be transferred into a [[Thermal Energy Store|thermal energy store]] by [[combustion]].
==Key Stage 4=Power====Meaning==='''Crude oil''' is a [[mixture]] of different [[hydrocarbon]]s, mostly [[alkane]]s, formed in an [[anoxic]] environment over millions of years from the remains of dead sea creatures trapped in the [[sediment]] at the bottom of the sea. ===About Crude Oil===: '''Crude oil''' is known as a [[Fossil Fuel]].: '''Crude Oiloil''' is a [[Non-renewable Energy Resource|non-renewable energy resource]] so once it is used it cannot be replaced within our lifetime.: Modern technology relies heavily on '''crude oil''' as both a [[fuel]] and a [[feedstock]] for producing [[Plastic (Material)|plastics]] .'''Crude oil''' can be used [[Separating Mixtures|separated]] by [[Fractional Distillation|fractional distillation]] into different 'fractions' which have different applications:*[[Natural Gas]]*[[Liquid Petroleum Gas]] ([[LPG]])*[[Petrol]] ([[Gasoline]])*[[Kerosine]]*[[Diesel]]*[[Lubricating Oil]]*[[Bitumen]] {| class="wikitable"|+ Crude Oil Fraction Applications|-| style="height:20px; width:70px; text-align:center;" |'''Fraction'''| style="height:20px; width:85px; text-align:center;" |'''Carbon Chain Length'''| style="height:20px; width:85px; text-align:center;" |'''Boiling Point (°C)'''| style="height:20px; width:350px; text-align:center;" |'''Application'''|-| style="height:20px; width:70px; text-align:center;" |[[Natural Gas]]| style="height:20px; width:85px; text-align:center;" |1-2| style="height:20px; width:85px; text-align:center;" |-160 to provide -89| style="height:20px; width:350px; text-align:center;" |[[Fuel]] for heating homes and gas [[Thermal Power Station|powerstation]]s.|-| style="height:20px; width:70px; text-align:center;" |[[LPG]] directly buy burning it in | style="height:20px; width:85px; text-align:center;" |3-4| style="height:20px; width:85px; text-align:center;" |-42 to -1| style="height:20px; width:350px; text-align:center;" |[[Fuel]] for heating homes, and gas [[Thermal Power Station|power station]]s.|-| style="height:20px; width:70px; text-align:center;" |[[Petrol]] (Gasoline)| style="height:20px; width:85px; text-align:center;" |5-10| style="height:20px; width:85px; text-align:center;" |20 to 200| style="height:20px; width:350px; text-align:center;" |[[Fuel]] for cars and [[feedstock]] for [[Plastic (Material)|plastic]] manufacture.|-| style="height:20px; width:70px; text-align:center;" |[[Kerosine]]| style="height:20px; width:85px; text-align:center;" |10-16| style="height:20px; width:85px; text-align:center;" |180 to 260| style="height:20px; width:350px; text-align:center;" |[[Fuel]] for Planes.|-| style="height:20px; width:70px; text-align:center;" |[[Diesel]]| style="height:20px; width:85px; text-align:center;" |14-20| style="height:20px; width:85px; text-align:center;" |260 to 340| style="height:20px; width:350px; text-align:center;" |[[Fuel]] for cars, trucks and trains. planes and in furnaces or it can provide power by generating electricity|-| style="height:20px; width:70px; text-align:center;" |[[Lubricating Oil]]| style="height:20px; width:85px; text-align:center;" |20-50| style="height:20px; width:85px; text-align:center;" |370 to 600| style="height:20px; width:350px; text-align:center;" |[[Lubrication]] for machines.|-| style="height:20px; width:70px; text-align:center;" |[[Bitumen]]| style="height:20px; width:85px; text-align:center;" |70+| style="height:20px; width:85px; text-align:center;" |Not distilled.| style="height:20px; width:350px; text-align:center;" |Tar for roads.|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Fractional Distillation Tower
|-
|[[File:CrudeOilPowerStationDiagram2FractionalDistillation.png|center|600px400px]]
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |A [[diagram]] of showing a [[coal]] [[power stationFractional Distillation|fractional distillation]]tower.
|}
{| class="wikitable"|+ Crude Oil Fraction Properties|-| style="height:20px; width:100px; text-align:center;" |'''Fraction'''| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |Natural Gas| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |LPG| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |Petrol| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |Kerosene| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |Diesel| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |Lubricating Oil| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |Bitumen|-| style="height:20px; width:100px; text-align:center;" |'''Carbon Chain Length'''| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |1-2| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |3-4| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |5-10| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |10-16| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |14-20| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |20-50| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |70+|-| style="height:20px; width:100px; text-align:center;" |'''[[Boiling Point]]'''|colspan="7"|[[File:ArrowBoilingPoint.png|center|400px]]|-| style="height:20px; width:100px; text-align:center;" |'''[[Viscosity]]'''|colspan="7"|[[File:ArrowViscosity.png|center|400px]]|-| style="height:20px; width:100px; text-align:center;" |'''[[Flammability]]'''|colspan="7"|[[File:ArrowFlammability.png|center|400px]]|-| style="height:20px; width:100px; text-align:center;" |'''[[Volatility]]'''|colspan="7"|[[File:ArrowVolatility.png|center|400px]]|} ===References=======AQA==== :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851362/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851362&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=7d78d70a2044ee9982dae010c94af92a ''Crude oil, pages 142-3, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 2, Hodder, AQA '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945598/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945598&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ad276ad49df77ab4b40ab4fd0fe09815 ''Crude oil, pages 147-149, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359381/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359381&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=47c8d1ae58d8b3a5e2094cd447154558 ''Crude oil, pages 148-157, 196, GCSE Chemistry; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851346/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851346&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3ac654f4b0da781c49c855a1af4c92ea ''Crude oil, pages 171-2, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0008158762/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0008158762&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a0fffa35b3ea49a63404f6704e0df7cc ''Crude oil, pages 19, 226-33, 246, 337, GCSE Chemistry; Student Book, Collins, AQA '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/178294639X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=178294639X&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=51599bb45a2bfaf7c1b6a978b2ca2616 ''Crude oil, pages 191-195, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Chemistry, CGP, AQA '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945962/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945962&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=476bb5c8d1dfb5c08ac81b6d4d1c98d8 ''Crude oil, pages 223-227, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, AQA '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945571/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945571&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9e29fad914244909903e5e93f8a01d97 ''Crude oil, pages 76, 77, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0008158762/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0008158762&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a0fffa35b3ea49a63404f6704e0df7cc ''Crude oil; formation, page 300, GCSE Chemistry; Student Book, Collins, AQA '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851362/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=Disadvantages6738&creativeASIN=1471851362&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=7d78d70a2044ee9982dae010c94af92a ''Crude oil; Fractional distillation of, pages 144-5, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 2, Hodder, AQA '']*Cost :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851346/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851346&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3ac654f4b0da781c49c855a1af4c92ea ''Crude oil; fractional distillation of fuel, pages 173-4, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA ''] ====Edexcel==== :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120215/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120215&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=8f96ddb76196848bafdb124354e4cf77 ''Crude oil, page 150, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120193/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120193&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=572df39392fb4200db8391d98ae6314e ''Crude oil, page 264, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945741/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945741&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=30da4f2178da182547b62a7329d13b57 ''Crude oil, pages 137, 138, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948147/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948147&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=f63dcd8345f4e49c717b39a228a36c7c ''Crude oil, pages 253, 254, 256, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, Edexcel '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945725/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945725&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=694be7494de75af3349537d34e13f7f0 ''Crude oil, pages 87, 88, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']*Produce Carbon Dioxide contributing to global warming:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120215/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120215&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=8f96ddb76196848bafdb124354e4cf77 ''Crude oil; fractional distillation, pages 152-153, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel '']*Other pollutants produced which can harm health or produce acid rain:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120193/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120193&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=572df39392fb4200db8391d98ae6314e ''Crude oil; fractional distillation, pages 266-267, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel '']*====OCR====:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945695/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945695&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ceafcc80bcad6b6754ee97a0c7ceea53 ''Crude Oil will run outoil, pages 141-143, Gateway GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359829/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359829&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=90e8d7b4f039d53035238fa0320fe00b ''Crude oil, pages 238-241, Gateway GCSE Chemistry, Oxford, OCR '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945679/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945679&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a2db42f7b4bdf10cafaafa3bb9120940 ''Crude oil, pages 92-94, Gateway GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR '']