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Electrical Charge

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==Key Stage 3==
===Meaning===
'''Charge''' is a [[property]] of [[matter]] that can cause an [[Electrostatic Force|electrostatic force]] between two [[object]]s.
===About Charge===
: There are two types of '''charge'''; [[Positive Charge|Positivepositive]] and [[Negative Charge|Negativenegative]].
: Like '''charges''' [[repel]] each other and opposite '''charges''' [[attract]] each other.
: '''Charges''' create an [[Electrostatic Field|electrostatic field]] which affects other '''charged''' [[object]]s.
To see the [[Electrostatic Field|electrostatic field]]s created by a '''charge''' click on the picture below to play a PHET simulation.
{| class="wikitable"
|[[File:PhetCharges.png|centre|300px|link=https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/charges-and-fields/latest/charges-and-fields_en.html]]
|}
 
==Key Stage 4==
===Meaning===
'''Charge''' is a [[property]] of [[matter]] that can cause an [[Electrostatic Force|electrostatic force]] between two [[object]]s.
 
===About Charge===
: The [[SI Unit]] of '''charge''' is the [[Coulomb]] (C).
: '''Charge''' is a [[scalar]] quantity as it has [[magnitude]] but does not have a direction.
: There are two types of '''charge'''; [[Positive Charge|positive]] and [[Negative Charge|negative]].
: Like '''charges''' [[repel]] each other and opposite '''charges''' [[attract]] each other.
: '''Charges''' create an [[Electrostatic Field|electrostatic field]] which affects other '''charged''' [[object]]s.
: '''Charge''' is a conserved quantity which means; "'''Charge''' cannot be created or destroyed, it can only be transferred from one place to another."
: A flow of '''charge''' is an [[Electrical Current|electrical current]].
 
===Equation===
====Equation linking Charge, Current and Time====
''NB: You should remember this equation with charge as the subject of the formula.''
 
'''Charge''' = (Current) x (time)
 
<math>Q=It</math>
 
Where
 
<math>Q</math> = The amount of [[Electrical Charge|charge]] flowing past a point.
 
<math>I</math> = The '''electrical current'''
 
<math>t</math> = The [[time]] taken for the [[Electrical Charge|charge]] to flow.
 
====Equation linking Charge, Potential Difference and Energy Transferred====
''NB: You should remember this equation with energy transferred as the subject of the formula.''
 
'''Charge''' = (Energy Transferred)/(Potential Difference)
 
<math>Q=\frac{E}{V}</math>
 
Where
 
<math>Q</math> = The amount of [[Electrical Charge|charge]] that moves between two points.
 
<math>E</math> = The [[Energy Transfer]]red by the '''charge'''.
 
<math>V</math> = The [[Potential Difference|potential difference]] between two points.
 
===Example Calculations===
====Finding Current from Charge and Time====
{| class="wikitable"
| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" |A charge of 15 Coulombs passes through a point in a circuit ever 0.52 seconds. Calculate the current flowing past this point correct to two [[Significant Figures|significant figures]].
| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" |A capacitor stores a charge of 10C. It discharges in 12ms. Calculate the average current flowing out of the capacitor correct to two [[Significant Figures|significant figures]].
|-
| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:left;" |'''1. State the known quantities in correct [[unit]]s.'''
 
Q = 15C
 
t = 0.52s
| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:left;" |'''1. State the known quantities in correct [[unit]]s.'''
 
Q = 10C
 
t = 12ms = 12x10<sup>-3</sup>s
|-
| style="height:20px; width: 300px; text-align:left;" |'''2. [[Substitute (Maths)|Substitute]] the numbers and [[Evaluate (Maths)|evaluate]].'''
 
<math>Q=It</math>
 
<math>15=I \times 0.52</math>
| style="height:20px; width: 300px; text-align:left;" |'''2. [[Substitute (Maths)|Substitute]] the numbers and [[Evaluate (Maths)|evaluate]].'''
 
<math>Q=It</math>
 
<math>10=I \times 12 \times 10^{-3}</math>
|-
| style="height:20px; width: 300px; text-align:left;" |'''3. [[Rearrange (Maths)|Rearrange]] the equation and [[Solve (Maths)|solve]].'''
 
<math>I=\frac{15}{0.52}</math>
 
<math>I=28.846153A</math>
 
<math>I\approx29A</math>
| style="height:20px; width: 300px; text-align:left;" |'''3. [[Rearrange (Maths)|Rearrange]] the equation and [[Solve (Maths)|solve]].'''
 
<math>I=\frac{10}{12 \times 10^{-3}}</math>
 
<math>I=833.3A</math>
 
<math>I\approx830A</math>
|}
 
====Finding Charge from Current and Time====
{| class="wikitable"
| style="height:20px; width: 300px; text-align:center;" |A battery supplies 4.7Amps to a bulb over a period of 14 seconds. Calculate the charge leaving the battery in this time correct to two [[Significant Figures|significant figures]].
| style="height:20px; width: 300px; text-align:center;" |A hairdryer uses a current of 7.2A for 5 minutes to dry a person’s hair. Calculate the charge flowing through the hairdryer in this time correct to two [[Significant Figures|significant figures]].
|-
| style="height:20px; width: 300px; text-align:left;" |'''1. State the known quantities in correct [[unit]]s.'''
 
I = 4.7A
 
t = 14s
| style="height:20px; width: 300px; text-align:left;" |'''1. State the known quantities in correct [[unit]]s.'''
 
I = 7.2A
 
t = 5min = 300s
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |'''2. [[Substitute (Maths)|Substitute]] the numbers into the [[equation]] and [[Solve (Maths)|solve]].'''
 
<math>Q=It</math>
 
<math>Q=4.7 \times 14</math>
 
<math>Q = 65.8C</math>
 
<math>Q \approx 66C</math>
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |'''2. [[Substitute (Maths)|Substitute]] the numbers into the [[equation]] and [[Solve (Maths)|solve]].'''
 
<math>Q=It</math>
 
<math>Q=7.2 \times 300</math>
 
<math>Q = 2160C</math>
 
<math>Q \approx 2200C</math>
|}
 
====Finding Time from Current and Charge====
{| class="wikitable"
| style="height:20px; width: 300px; text-align:center;" |A battery charger uses a current of 150mA to deliver a charge of 245 Coloumbs to a battery. Calculate the time taken to charge this battery correct to two [[Significant Figures|significant figures]].
| style="height:20px; width: 300px; text-align:center;" |A cloud in a thunderstorm loses 15C in one lightening strike. At a current of 31,000kA. Calculate how long this lightning strike lasts correct to two [[Significant Figures|significant figures]].
|-
| style="height:20px; width: 300px; text-align:left;" |'''1. State the known quantities in correct [[unit]]s.'''
 
I = 150mA = 150x10<sup>-3</sup>A
 
Q = 245C
| style="height:20px; width: 300px; text-align:left;" |'''1. State the known quantities in correct [[unit]]s.'''
 
I = 31,000kA = 3.1x10<sup>7</sup>A
 
Q = 15C
|-
| style="height:20px; width: 300px; text-align:left;" |'''2. [[Substitute (Maths)|Substitute]] the numbers and [[Evaluate (Maths)|evaluate]].'''
 
<math>Q=It</math>
 
<math>245 = 150 \times 10^{-3} \times t</math>
 
| style="height:20px; width: 300px; text-align:left;" |'''2. [[Substitute (Maths)|Substitute]] the numbers and [[Evaluate (Maths)|evaluate]].'''
 
<math>Q=It</math>
 
<math>15= 3.1 \times 10^7 \times t</math>
|-
| style="height:20px; width: 300px; text-align:left;" |'''3. [[Rearrange (Maths)|Rearrange]] the equation and [[Solve (Maths)|solve]].'''
 
<math>t=\frac{245}{150 \times 10^{-3}}</math>
 
<math>t=1633.3s</math>
 
<math>t\approx1633.3s</math>
| style="height:20px; width: 300px; text-align:left;" |'''3. [[Rearrange (Maths)|Rearrange]] the equation and [[Solve (Maths)|solve]].'''
 
<math>t=\frac{15}{3.1 \times 10^7}</math>
 
<math>t = 4.8387 \times 10^{-7}s</math>
 
<math>t\approx4.8 \times 10^{-7}s</math>
|}
 
====Finding Charge from Potential Difference and Energy Transferred====
{| class="wikitable"
| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" |The [[Potential Difference|potential difference]] of 12V is placed across a [[Electrical Resistor|resistor]] increasing its [[Thermal Energy Store|thermal energy store]] by 3.7J as a result. Calculate the '''charge''' that has flowed through the [[Electrical Resistor|resistor]] in this time correct to two [[Significant Figures|significant figures]].
| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" |A [[circuit]] transfers 2.8kJ of [[energy]] [[electrically]] to a [[motor]]. The [[Potential Difference|potential difference]] across the [[motor]] is 1.5V. Calculate the'''charge''' that has flowed through the [[motor]] in this time correct to two [[Significant Figures|significant figures]].
|-
| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:left;" |'''1. State the known quantities in correct [[unit]]s.'''
 
V = 12V
 
E = 3.7J
| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:left;" |'''1. State the known quantities in correct [[unit]]s.'''
 
V = 1.5V
 
E = 2.8kJ = 2.8x10<sup>3</sup>J
|-
| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:left;" |'''2. [[Substitute (Maths)|Substitute]] the numbers into the [[equation]] and [[Solve (Maths)|solve]].'''
 
<math>Q=\frac{E}{V}</math>
 
<math>Q=\frac{3.7}{12}</math>
 
<math>Q=0.3083C</math>
 
<math>Q\approx0.31C</math>
| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:left;" |'''2. [[Substitute (Maths)|Substitute]] the numbers into the [[equation]] and [[Solve (Maths)|solve]].'''
 
<math>Q=\frac{E}{V}</math>
 
<math>Q=\frac{2.8 \times 10^3}{1.5}</math>
 
<math>Q=1866.7C</math>
 
<math>Q\approx1900C</math>
|}
 
====Finding Potential Difference from Charge and Energy Transferred====
{| class="wikitable"
| style="height:20px; width: 300px; text-align:center;" |A '''charge''' of 84C transfers an [[energy]] of 20kJ. Calculate the [[Potential Difference|potential difference]] correct to two [[Significant Figures|significant figures]].
| style="height:20px; width: 300px; text-align:center;" |170J of [[energy]] is transferred by a '''charge''' of 92mC. Calculate the [[Potential Difference|potential difference]] correct to two [[Significant Figures|significant figures]].
|-
| style="height:20px; width: 300px; text-align:left;" |'''1. State the known quantities in correct [[unit]]s.'''
Q = 84C
 
E = 20kJ = 20x10<sup>3</sup>J
| style="height:20px; width: 300px; text-align:left;" |'''1. State the known quantities in correct [[unit]]s.'''
 
Q = 92mC = 92x10<sup>-3</sup>C
 
E = 170J
|-
| style="height:20px; width: 300px; text-align:left;" |'''2. [[Substitute (Maths)|Substitute]] the numbers and [[Evaluate (Maths)|evaluate]].'''
 
<math>Q=\frac{E}{V}</math>
 
<math>84=\frac{20 \times 10^3}{V}</math>
 
| style="height:20px; width: 300px; text-align:left;" |'''2. [[Substitute (Maths)|Substitute]] the numbers and [[Evaluate (Maths)|evaluate]].'''
 
<math>Q=\frac{E}{V}</math>
 
<math>92 \times 10^{-3}=\frac{170}{V}</math>
 
|-
| style="height:20px; width: 300px; text-align:left;" |'''3. [[Rearrange (Maths)|Rearrange]] the equation and [[Solve (Maths)|solve]].'''
 
<math>V=\frac{20 \times 10^3}{84}</math>
 
<math>V=238.0952V</math>
 
<math>V\approx 240V</math>
 
| style="height:20px; width: 300px; text-align:left;" |'''3. [[Rearrange (Maths)|Rearrange]] the equation and [[Solve (Maths)|solve]].'''
 
<math>V=\frac{170}{92 \times 10^{-3}}</math>
 
<math>V=1847.826V</math>
 
<math>V\approx 1800V</math>
|}
 
====Finding Energy Transferred from Charge and Potential Difference====
{| class="wikitable"
| style="height:20px; width: 300px; text-align:center;" |A bolt of lightning with a [[Potential Difference|potential difference]] 31,000kV transfers a '''charge''' of 15C. Calculate the [[Energy Transfer|energy transferred]] by this bolt of [[lightning]] correct to two [[Significant Figures|significant figures]].
| style="height:20px; width: 300px; text-align:center;" |A 9V [[Electrical Battery|battery]] is able to mobilise a '''charge''' of 4.3kC during its operation. Calculate the total amount of [[energy]] stored in this [[Electrical Battery|battery]] correct to two [[Significant Figures|significant figures]].
|-
| style="height:20px; width: 300px; text-align:left;" |'''1. State the known quantities in correct [[unit]]s.'''
 
V = 31,000kV = 3.1x10<sup>7</sup>V
 
Q = 15C
| style="height:20px; width: 300px; text-align:left;" |'''1. State the known quantities in correct [[unit]]s.'''
 
V = 9V
 
Q = 4.3kC = 4.3x10<sup>3</sup>
|-
| style="height:20px; width: 300px; text-align:left;" |'''2. [[Substitute (Maths)|Substitute]] the numbers and [[Evaluate (Maths)|evaluate]].'''
 
<math>Q=\frac{E}{V}</math>
 
<math>15=\frac{E}{3.1 \times 10^7}</math>
 
| style="height:20px; width: 300px; text-align:left;" |'''2. [[Substitute (Maths)|Substitute]] the numbers and [[Evaluate (Maths)|evaluate]].'''
 
<math>Q=\frac{E}{V}</math>
 
<math>4.3 \times 10^3 =\frac{E}{9}</math>
|-
| style="height:20px; width: 300px; text-align:left;" |'''3. [[Rearrange (Maths)|Rearrange]] the equation and [[Solve (Maths)|solve]].'''
 
<math>E = 15 \times 3.1 \times 10^7</math>
 
<math>E = 4.65\times10^8 J</math>
 
<math>E\approx4.7\times10^8 J</math>
 
| style="height:20px; width: 300px; text-align:left;" |'''3. [[Rearrange (Maths)|Rearrange]] the equation and [[Solve (Maths)|solve]].'''
 
<math>E = 4.3 \times 10^3 \times 9</math>
 
<math>E = 38700J</math>
 
<math>E \approx 39000 \times 10^4J</math>
|}
 
===References===
====AQA====
 
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0008158770/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0008158770&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ec31595e720e1529e49876c3866fff6e ''Charge (electrical), pages 46-52, 71, 74-5, GCSE Physics; Student Book, Collins, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/178294558X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=178294558X&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=f0dfb66dafcb0c6e9449e7b1a4ae1ac43 ''Charge; electric, page 24, GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945598/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945598&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ad276ad49df77ab4b40ab4fd0fe09760 ''Charge; electric, pages 180, 189, 190, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782946403/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782946403&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=32a0abb60dff015b15b50e9b1d7b4644 ''Charge; electric, pages 61, 88-90, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Physics, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945970/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945970&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a120d24dcc7cc7a58192069a3aafc1d2 ''Charge; electric, pages 63, 91-93, GCSE Physics; The Complete 9-1 Course for AQA, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/178294558X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=178294558X&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=f0dfb66dafcb0c6e9449e7b1a4ae1ac111 ''Electric charge, page 24, GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945598/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945598&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ad276ad49df77ab4b40ab4fd0fe09875 ''Electric charge, pages 180, 189, 190, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782946403/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782946403&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=32a0abb60dff015b15b50e9b1d7b4644 ''Electric charge, pages 61, 88-90, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Physics, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945970/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945970&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a120d24dcc7cc7a58192069a3aafc1d2 ''Electric charge, pages 63, 91-93, GCSE Physics; The Complete 9-1 Course for AQA, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782946403/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782946403&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=32a0abb60dff015b15b50e9b1d7b4644 ''Electric charge; ions, page 112, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Physics, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945970/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945970&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a120d24dcc7cc7a58192069a3aafc1d2 ''Electric charge; ions, page 124, GCSE Physics; The Complete 9-1 Course for AQA, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782946403/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782946403&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=32a0abb60dff015b15b50e9b1d7b4644 ''Electric charge; of an atom, page 111, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Physics, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945970/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945970&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a120d24dcc7cc7a58192069a3aafc1d2 ''Electric charge; of an atom, page 123, GCSE Physics; The Complete 9-1 Course for AQA, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782946403/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782946403&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=32a0abb60dff015b15b50e9b1d7b4644 ''Electric charge; relative charge, page 111, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Physics, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945970/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945970&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a120d24dcc7cc7a58192069a3aafc1d2 ''Electric charge; relative charge, page 123, GCSE Physics; The Complete 9-1 Course for AQA, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945970/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945970&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a120d24dcc7cc7a58192069a3aafc1d2 ''Electric charge; static, pages 99, 103, GCSE Physics; The Complete 9-1 Course for AQA, CGP, AQA '']
 
====Edexcel====
 
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948163/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948163&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=0fdbfd5dd397d6e24a9dfb250f08587f ''Charge (electric), page 221, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120223/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120223&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=068ecf40278c32406a7f1c6e66751417 ''Charge, electrical, pages 144, 160-161, GCSE Physics, Pearson Edexcel '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120223/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120223&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=068ecf40278c32406a7f1c6e66751417 ''Charge, electrical; energy, page 145, GCSE Physics, Pearson Edexcel '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120223/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120223&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=068ecf40278c32406a7f1c6e66751417 ''Charge, electrical; point charges, page 164, GCSE Physics, Pearson Edexcel '']
 
====OCR====
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359837/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359837&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3c4229e8b023b2b60768e7ea2307cc6f ''Electric charge, pages 94-97, 101, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR '']
 
==Key Stage 5==
===Meaning===
'''Electrical charge''' is a [[Conservation of Charge|conserved]] quantity and a [[property]] of [[Subatomic Particle|particle]]s which allow them to interact via the [[Electromagnetic Interaction|electromagnetic interaction]].
 
===About Electrical Charge===
: The [[SI Unit]] of '''charge''' is the [[Coulomb]] (C).
: '''Charge''' is a [[scalar]] quantity as it has [[magnitude]] but does not have a direction.
: '''Charges''' create an [[Electrostatic Field|electrostatic field]] which affects other '''charged''' [[object]]s.
: '''Charge''' is a conserved quantity which means; "'''Charge''' cannot be created or destroyed, it can only be transferred from one place to another."
: A flow of '''charge''' is an [[Electrical Current|electrical current]].
 
===About Electrical Charge at the Particle Level===
: '''Charged''' [[Subatomic Particle|particles]] may exchange virtual [[photon]]s causing a change in their [[momentum]]. This results in the [[force]] of [[attract]]ion or [[repel|repulsion]] between '''charged''' [[Subatomic Particle|particles]].
: As a [[Conservation of Charge|conserved quantity]] '''charge''' cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be transferred from one [[Subatomic Particle|particle]] to another. This occurs in the [[Weak Nuclear Interaction|weak interaction]] via the [[W-boson]].
: The [[Electrical Charge|electrical charge]] passed between [[Subatomic Particle|subatomic particles]] during the [[Weak Nuclear Interaction|weak interaction]] has a [[magnitude]] of 1.60x10<sup>-19</sup> [[Coulomb]]s (the [[Elementary Charge|elementary charge]]).
: The [[Electrical Charge|electrical charge]] of the [[proton]] is +1.60x10<sup>-19</sup> [[Coulomb]]s and the [[Electrical Charge|electrical charge]] of the [[electron]] is -1.60x10<sup>-19</sup> [[Coulomb]]s.
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