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Electron Orbital

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==Key Stage 3==

===Meaning===

'''Electron shells''' are the places around a [[nucleus]] where an [[electron]] can [[orbit]] the [[nucleus]].

{| class="wikitable"

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|[[File:SodiumShells.png|center|400px]]

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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |A [[diagram]] of a [[Sodium]] [[atom]] shown the '''electron shells'''.

|}

===About Electron Shells===

: The number of '''electron shells''' is shown by the [[period]] on the [[Periodic Table]].

: The number of [[electron]]s in the [[Outer Shell|outer shell]] determines the [[Chemical Property|chemical properties]] of the [[element]].

{| class="wikitable"

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|[[File:ElectronShells.png|center|800px]]

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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |A [[diagram]] of the first 20 [[element]]s in the [[Periodic Table]] showing the '''electron shells'''.

|}

==Key Stage 4==

===Meaning===

An [[File:SodiumShells.png|right|300px|thumb|A [[diagram]] showing the three '''electron ~~orbital~~shells''' of a [[Sodium]] [[atom]].]]'''Electron orbitals''', also known as an '''electron ~~shell~~shells''', are the locations where [[electron]]s [[orbit]] the [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] of [[atom]]s.

===About Electron Orbitals===

: Each '''electron orbital''' only holds a certain number of [[electron]]s.

::The first '''orbital''' can only hold a maximum of 2 [[electron]]s.

::The second '''orbital''' can hold a maximum of 8 [[electron]]s.

::The third '''orbital''' holds a maximum of 8 [[electron]]s.

::You do not need to know the numbers beyond this at Key Stage 4.

: These '''orbitals''' and the number of [[electron]]s in an [[atom]] determine the chemistry of an [[element]].

: The number of '''electron orbitals''' determines the [[Period]] on the [[Periodic Table]].

{| class="wikitable"

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|[[File:~~ElectronConfiguration~~ElectronicConfiguration.png|center|800px]]

|-

| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |A [[diagram]] showing the '''electron shells''' and '''electrons''' in the first 20 [[element]]s on the [[Periodic Table]]. NB [[Group 0]] used to be called [[Group 8]] but this caused confusion because most [[element]]s in [[Group 8]] have 8 [[electron]]s in their [[Outer Shell]] but [[Helium]] only has 2, so it was renamed [[Group 0]].

|}

: [[Atom]]s in the same [[Group (Chemistry)|group]] have similar [[Chemical Property|chemical properties]] because they all have the same number of [[electron]]s in their [[Outer Shell]].

===References===

====AQA====

:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359381/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359381&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=47c8d1ae58d8b3a5e2094cd447154558 ''Shells, electrons, pages 13, 18-19, GCSE Chemistry; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA '']

====Edexcel====

:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120223/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120223&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=068ecf40278c32406a7f1c6e66751417 ''Electron shells, page 94, GCSE Physics, Pearson Edexcel '']

:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945725/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945725&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=694be7494de75af3349537d34e13f7f0 ''Electron shells, pages 16, 18, 19, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']

:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120193/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120193&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=572df39392fb4200db8391d98ae6314e ''Electron shells, pages 162, 174, 358, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel '']

:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120215/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120215&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=8f96ddb76196848bafdb124354e4cf77 ''Electron shells, pages 18, 30, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel '']

:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948147/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948147&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=f63dcd8345f4e49c717b39a228a36c7c ''Electron shells, pages 33, 35, 42, 43, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, Edexcel '']

:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120193/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120193&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=572df39392fb4200db8391d98ae6314e ''Electron shells; outer, page 184, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel '']

:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120215/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120215&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=8f96ddb76196848bafdb124354e4cf77 ''Electron shells; outer, page 40, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel '']

====OCR====: [~~[Atom]]s in the same [[Group (~~https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945679/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945679&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a2db42f7b4bdf10cafaafa3bb9120940 ''Electron shells, pages 13, 14, 16, 17, Gateway GCSE Chemistry~~)|group~~; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR '']~~] have similar~~ :[~~[Chemical Property|chemical properties~~https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359837/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359837&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3c4229e8b023b2b60768e7ea2307cc6f ''Electron shells, pages 21, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR '']~~] because they all have the same number of~~ :[~~[electron~~https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945695/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945695&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ceafcc80bcad6b6754ee97a0c7ceea53 ''Electron shells, pages 84, 87, 88, Gateway GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR '']~~]s in their [[Outer Shell]].~~:

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