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===About Giant Covalent Structures===
: '''Giant covalent structures''' are [[molecule]]s made of a large number of [[non-metal]] [[atom]]s joined by [[Covalent Bond|covalent bonds]].
: The [[atom]]s in a '''giant covalent structure''' are arranged in a regular [[lattice]] (a repeating pattern of [[element]]s.
===Examples===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[File:DiamondStructure.png|center|150px]]
|[[File:GraphiteStructure.png|center|150px]]
|[[File:GrapheneStructure.png|center|150px]]
|[[File:SilicaStructure.png|center|150px]]
|-
| style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" |[[Diamond]] is a '''giant covalent structure''' where each [[Carbon]] [[atom]] has 4 bonds with [[adjacent]] [[atom]]s.
| style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" |[[Graphite]] has a '''giant covalent structure''' where each [[Carbon]] [[atom]] has 3 bonds with [[adjacent]] [[atom]]s in a layer with loose [[bond]]s between the layers.
| style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" |[[Graphene]] has a '''giant covalent structure''' where each [[Carbon]] [[atom]] has 3 bonds with [[adjacent]] [[atom]]s forming a layer that is one [[atom]] thick.
| style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" |[[Silica]] is made of [[Silicon]] and [[Oxygen]] [[atom]]s in a [[lattice]] forming a '''giant covalent structure'''.
|}
===Bulk Properties===
: '''Giant Covalent Structures''' usually have very high [[Melting Point|melting points]] due to the strong [[Chemical Bond|chemical bonds]] between [[adjacent]] [[atom]]s.
: '''Giant Covalent Structures''' may have good or poor [[Electrical Conductor|electrical conductors]] depending on whether there are any [[electron]]s free to move between [[atom]]s.
: [[Diamond]] is a poor [[Electrical Conductor|electrical conductor]] because all the [[electron]]s are shared by [[adjacent]] [[atom]]s so none are free to move between [[atom]]s.
: [[Graphite]] and [[graphene]] are good [[Electrical Conductor|electrical conductors]] because the [[Carbon]] [[atom]]s only form 3 [[bond]]s with [[adjacent]] [[atom]]s allowing a spare [[electron]] in each [[atom]] to move freely around the [[molecule]].
===References===
====AQA====
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945598/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945598&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ad276ad49df77ab4b40ab4fd0fe09942 ''Giant covalent structures, page 118, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945571/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945571&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9e29fad914244909903e5e93f8a01d138 ''Giant covalent structures, page 33, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359381/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359381&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=47c8d1ae58d8b3a5e2094cd447154558 ''Giant covalent structures, pages 45, 48-51, GCSE Chemistry; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/178294639X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=178294639X&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=51599bb45a2bfaf7c1b6a978b2ca2616 ''Giant covalent structures, pages 85-88, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Chemistry, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945962/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945962&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=476bb5c8d1dfb5c08ac81b6d4d1c98d8 ''Giant covalent structures, pages 87-90, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851346/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851346&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3ac654f4b0da781c49c855a1af4c92ea ''Giant covalent substances, page 44, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851354/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851354&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9012a0d354024419214fb3ad5ac44ba0 ''Giant covalent substances, pages 159, 163-4, 247, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 1, Hodder, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851354/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851354&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9012a0d354024419214fb3ad5ac44ba0 ''Giant covalent substances; properties of, page 160, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 1, Hodder, AQA '']
====Edexcel====
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945725/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945725&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=694be7494de75af3349537d34e13f7f0 ''Giant covalent structures, page 24, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945741/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945741&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=30da4f2178da182547b62a7329d13b57 ''Giant covalent structures, page 87, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948147/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948147&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=f63dcd8345f4e49c717b39a228a36c7c ''Giant covalent structures, pages 62-64, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, Edexcel '']
====OCR====
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945679/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945679&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a2db42f7b4bdf10cafaafa3bb9120940 ''Giant covalent structures, pages 21, 25, Gateway GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359829/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359829&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=90e8d7b4f039d53035238fa0320fe00b ''Giant covalent structures, pages 62-63, 74-75, 77, 78, 87, 220, Gateway GCSE Chemistry, Oxford, OCR '']