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==Key Stage 4=====Meaning===An '''ionic compound''' is a [[molecule]] formed from 2 or more [[element]]s which have transferred [[electron]]s to become [[ion]]s. ===About Ionic Compounds===: '''Ionic compounds''' form when [[atom]]s lose one or more [[electron]]s to become a [[Positive Ion|positive ion]]s and other [[atom]]s gain [[electron]]s to become [[Negative Ion|negative ions]]. The [[Electrostatic Force|electrostatic force]] of [[attraction]] between these [[ion]]s is a strong [[Chemical Bond|chemical bond]].: [[Metal]] [[element]]s form [[Positive Ion|positive ions]] because it is easier for them lose [[electron]]s than gain [[electron]]s to get a full [[Outer Shell|outer shell]]. [[Metal]]s are on the left hand side of the [[Periodic Table]] and usually have either 1, 2 , 3 or 3 4 [[electron]]s in the [[Outer Shell]].: [[Group 1]] [[Element]]s all form +1 [[ion]]s; Li<sup>+1</sup>, Na<sup>+1</sup>, K<sup>+1</sup>: [[Group 2]] [[Element]]s all form +2 [[ion]]s; Be<sup>+2</sup>, Mg<sup>+2</sup>, Ca<sup>+2</sup>: [[Group 3]] [[Element]]s all form +3 [[ion]]s; Al<sup>+3</sup>: [[Transition Metal]] [[Element]]s can form different [[ion]]s which are shown by Roman Numerals; [[Iron]] can form [[Iron|Fe(II)]] which is [[Iron|Fe<sup>+2</sup>]] or [[Iron|Fe(III)]] is [[Iron|Fe<sup>+3</sup>]],[[Manganese]] can form [[Manganese|Mn (II)]] which is [[Manganese|Mn<sup>+2</sup>]] or [[Manganese|Mn (IV)]] which is [[Manganese|Mn <sup>+4</sup>]]
: [[Non-metal]] [[element]]s form [[Negative Ion|negative ions]] because it is easier for them to gain [[electron]]s than lose [[electron]]s to get a full [[Outer Shell|outer shell]]. [[Non-metal]]s are on the right hand side of the [[Periodic Table]] and usually have 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 [[electron]]s in their [[Outer Shell|outer shell]].
: [[Group 5]] [[Element]]s all form -3 [[ion]]s; N<sup>-3</sup>, P<sup>-3</sup>
: [[Group 6]] [[Element]]s all form -2 [[ion]]s; O<sup>-2</sup>, S<sup>-2</sup>
: [[Group 7]] [[Element]]s all form -1 [[ion]]s; F<sup>-1</sup>, Cl<sup>-1</sup>
: Some [[Simple Covalent Molecule|covalent]] [[compound]]s can form [[Negative Ion|negative ions]]; [[Carbonate]] forms -2 [[ion]]s CO<Sub>3</sub><sup>-2</sup>, [[Sulphate]] forms -2 [[ion]]s SO<Sub>4</sub><sup>-2</sup>, [[Nitrate]] forms -1 [[ion]]s NO<Sub>3</sub><sup>-1</sup>
===Examples===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[File:LithiumIonFormation.png|center|200px]]
|[[File:MagnesiumIonFormation.png|center|200px]]
|[[File:AluminiumIonFormation.png|center|200px]]
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Lithium]] forms +1 [[ion]]s.
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Magnesium]] forms +2 [[ion]]s.
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Aluminium]] forms +3 [[ion]]s.
|-
|[[File:ChlorineIonFormation.png|center|200px]]
|[[File:OxygenIonFormation.png|center|200px]]
|[[File:NitrogenIonFormation.png|center|200px]]
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Chlorine]] forms -1 [[ion]]s.
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Oxygen]] forms -2 [[ion]]s.
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Nitrogen]] forms -3 [[ion]]s.
|}
===Bulk Properties===
: In their [[solid]] [[State of Matter|state]] '''ionic compounds''' are poor [[Electrical Conductor|electrical conductors]] because the [[ion]]s are not free to move.
: In their [[liquid]] [[State of Matter|state]] '''ionic compounds''' are good [[Electrical Conductor|electrical conductors]] because the [[Electrical Charge|electrically charged]] [[ion]]s are free to move.
: Most '''ionic compounds''' are [[soluble]] in [[water]].
: When [[dissolve]]d in [[solution]] '''ionic compounds''' are good [[Electrical Conductor|electrical conductors]] because the [[Electrical Charge|electrically charged]] [[ion]]s are free to move.
: '''Ionic compounds''' form [[Giant Ionic Structure|giant ionic structures]] which have high [[Melting Point|melting points]] due to the strong [[Electrostatic Force|electrostatic force]] between the [[ion]]s.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''State'''
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''Electrical Conductivity'''
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''Reason'''
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |Solid
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |Poor
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Ion]]s are in fixed positions and not free to move.
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |Liquid (Molten)
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |Good
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Ion]]s are free to move in the [[liquid]].
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |Dissolved in Solution (Aqueous)
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |Good
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Ion]]s are free to move through [[solution]].
|}
===References===
====Edexcel====
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120193/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120193&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=572df39392fb4200db8391d98ae6314e ''Ionic compounds, page 180, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120215/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120215&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=8f96ddb76196848bafdb124354e4cf77 ''Ionic compounds, page 36, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945725/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945725&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=694be7494de75af3349537d34e13f7f0 ''Ionic compounds, pages 20-22, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948147/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948147&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=f63dcd8345f4e49c717b39a228a36c7c ''Ionic compounds, pages 49-55, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, Edexcel '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945741/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945741&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=30da4f2178da182547b62a7329d13b57 ''Ionic compounds, pages 83-85, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120215/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120215&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=8f96ddb76196848bafdb124354e4cf77 ''Ionic compounds; properties, pages 38-39, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel '']
====OCR====
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945679/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945679&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a2db42f7b4bdf10cafaafa3bb9120940 ''Ionic compounds, pages 19, 25, 35, Gateway GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359829/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359829&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=90e8d7b4f039d53035238fa0320fe00b ''Ionic compounds, pages 58-59, 77, 79, 88-89, 122, Gateway GCSE Chemistry, Oxford, OCR '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945695/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945695&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ceafcc80bcad6b6754ee97a0c7ceea53 ''Ionic compounds, pages 90, 91, 97, 108, Gateway GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR '']