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===About Transition Metals===
: [[Transition Metal]]s have the [[Physical Property|physical properties]] of [[metal]]s.
: [[Transition Metal]]s [[Chemical Bond|bond]] together with [[Metallic Bond|metallic bonds]] in which [[Positive Ion|positive ions]] are surrounded by a sea of [[Negative Charge|negatively charged]] [[electron]]s (known as [[Delocalised Electrons|delocalised electrons]].
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|+ Transition metals
|- style="background:{{element color|table header}}" |
|-
|[[Period 4]]
|<sub>21</sub>[[Scandium|Sc]]
|<sub>22</sub>[[Titanium|Ti]]
|<sub>23</sub>[[Vanadium|V]]
|<sub>24</sub>[[Chromium|Cr]]
|<sub>25</sub>[[Manganese|Mn]]
|<sub>26</sub>[[Iron|Fe]]
|<sub>27</sub>[[Cobalt|Co]]
|<sub>28</sub>[[Nickel|Ni]]
|<sub>29</sub>[[Copper|Cu]]
|<sub>30</sub>[[Zinc|Zn]]
|-
|[[Period 5]]
|<sub>39</sub>[[Yttrium|Y]]
|<sub>40</sub>[[Zirconium|Zr]]
|<sub>41</sub>[[Niobium|Nb]]
|<sub>42</sub>[[Molybdenum|Mo]]
|<sub>43</sub>[[Technetium|Tc]]
|<sub>44</sub>[[Ruthenium|Ru]]
|<sub>45</sub>[[Rhodium|Rh]]
|<sub>46</sub>[[Palladium|Pd]]
|<sub>47</sub>[[Silver|Ag]]
|<sub>48</sub>[[Cadmium|Cd]]
|-
| [[Period 6]]
|<sub>57</sub>[[Lanthanum|La]]
|<sub>72</sub>[[Hafnium|Hf]]
|<sub>73</sub>[[Tantalum|Ta]]
|<sub>74</sub>[[Tungsten|W]]
|<sub>75</sub>[[Rhenium|Re]]
|<sub>76</sub>[[Osmium|Os]]
|<sub>77</sub>[[Iridium|Ir]]
|<sub>78</sub>[[Platinum|Pt]]
|<sub>79</sub>[[Gold|Au]]
| <sub>80</sub>[[Mercury (Element)|Hg]]
|-
| [[Period 7]]
|<sub>89</sub>[[Actinium|Ac]]
|<sub>104</sub>Rf
|<sub>105</sub>Db
|<sub>106</sub>Sg
|<sub>107</sub>Bh
|<sub>108</sub>Hs
|<sub>109</sub>Mt
|<sub>110</sub>Ds
|<sub>111</sub>Rg
|<sub>112</sub>Cn
|}
====Melting Point====
: [[Transition Metal]]s usually have high [[Melting Point|melting points]] because [[Metallic Bond|metallic bonds]] are very strong, keeping the [[atom]]s [[Vibration|vibrating]] in fixed positions.
{| class="wikitable"
| style="height:20px; width:600px; text-align:center;" |The '''transition metal''' [[Melting Point|melting points]] measured in [[Kelvin]] are written below each [[Chemical Symbol|chemical symbol]].
|-
|[[File:TransitionMetalMeltingPoints.png|center|600px]]
|-
| style="height:20px; width:600px; text-align:center;" |N.B. The [[Period 7]] [[element]]s have not been included as they do not occur naturally and have not been made in large enough quantities to find their [[Melting Point|melting points]].
|}
====Density====
: [[Transition Metal]]s have a high [[density]] compared to other [[element]]s. However, many of the [[Actinide]]s also have a [[density]].{| class="wikitable"| style="height:20px; width:600px; text-align:center;" |The '''transition metal''' [[Density|densities]] measured in [[Kilograms per Metre Cubed|kilograms per metre cubed]] are written below each [[Chemical Symbol|chemical symbol]].|-|[[File:TransitionMetalDensity.png|center|600px]]|-| style="height:20px; width:600px; text-align:center;" |N.B. The [[Period 7]] [[element]]s have not been included as they do not occur naturally and have not been made in large enough quantities to find their [density|densities]].|} ====Reactivity|Reactivity====: The [[Transition Metal]]s are much less [[Reactivity|reactive]] than [[element]]s in [[Group 1|group 1]] and [[Group 2|group 2]].: Most of the [[Transition Metal]]s [[Chemical Reaction|react]] slowly with [[Oxygen]], [[Water]] and the [[Halogen]]s at [[Room Temperature|room temperature]] and some will not [[Chemical Reaction|react]] at all.: For [[combustion]] to occur the [[Transition Metal]]s must be heated to very high [[temperature]]s. However, some [[Transition Metal]]s will not [[combustion|combust]] at all. ====Ion Formation==== : [[Transition Metal]]s form [[Positive Ion|positive ions]] during [[Chemical Reaction|chemical reactions]].: [[Transition Metal]]s can form several different [[Electrical Charge|charge]] [[ion]]s and these different [[Electrical Charge|charge]]s can determine the [[Physical Property|physical properties]] of the [[compound]]s they are in. Specifically this affects the [[colour]] of those [[compound]]s.In [[compound]]s the [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of the [[Transition Metal]] [[ion]] is given in Roman Numerals after the name of the [[metal]]*[[Copper (I) Sulphate]]: +1 [[Ion]] of [[Copper]] giving the [[compound]] a light green colour.*[[Copper (II) Sulphate]]: +2 [[Ion]] of [[Copper]] giving the [[compound]] a blue colour.*[[Manganese (II) Chloride]]: +2 [[Ion]] of [[Manganese]] giving the [[compound]] a pale pink colour.*[[Manganese (ColourIV)Oxide]]: +4 [[Ion]] of [[Manganese]] giving it a very dark brown colour, often appearing black.*[[Iron (II) Sulphate]]: *2 [[Ion]] of [[Iron]] giving the [[compound]] a pale green colour.*[[Iron (III) Sulphate]]: *3 [[Ion]] of [[Iron]] giving the [[compound]] a redish-brown colour.: Gem stones with various colours (red rubies, green emeralds, blue sapphires) get their colour from the [[Transition Metal]] [[ion]]s they contain.
====Catalysts====
: Many [[Transition Metal]]s can be used as [[catalyst]]s for [[Chemical Reaction|chemical reactions]].
: [[Catalyst]]s can increase the rate of [[Chemical Reaction|reaction]] and lower the [[temperature]] needed to start a [[Chemical Reaction|reaction]].
: [[Catalyst]]s are not used up in the [[Chemical Reaction|chemical reaction]] so can be used over and over again.
: [[Transition Metal]] [[catalyst]]s can increase the rate of [[Chemical Reaction|reaction]] by either accepting or donating [[electron]]s so that not as much [[energy]] is needed for a [[Chemical Reaction|reaction]] to happen.
These are some [[Transition Metal]] [[catalyst]]s you may know:
*[[Iron]]: Used as a [[catalyst]] for [[Hydrogen]] and [[Nitrogen]] reacting to produce [[Ammonia]].
*[[Platinum]]: Used in the production of [[Nitric Acid]].
*[[Manganese]]: Used in the form of [[Manganese Dioxide]] as a [[catalyst]] for the [[Decomposition Reaction|decomposition]] of [[Hydrogen Peroxide]].
===References===
====AQA====
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0008158762/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0008158762&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a0fffa35b3ea49a63404f6704e0df7cc ''Transition metal, pages 48-9, GCSE Chemistry; Student Book, Collins, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851346/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851346&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3ac654f4b0da781c49c855a1af4c92ea ''Transition metals, pages 18-19, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945571/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945571&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9e29fad914244909903e5e93f8a01d261 ''Transition metals, pages 23, 24, 25, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']
====Edexcel====
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945725/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945725&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=694be7494de75af3349537d34e13f7f0 ''Transition metals, page 62, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948147/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948147&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=f63dcd8345f4e49c717b39a228a36c7c ''Transition metals, pages 177, 178, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, Edexcel '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120215/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120215&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=8f96ddb76196848bafdb124354e4cf77 ''Transition metals, pages 96-97, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120215/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120215&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=8f96ddb76196848bafdb124354e4cf77 ''Transition metals; chemical properties, page 97, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120215/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120215&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=8f96ddb76196848bafdb124354e4cf77 ''Transition metals; physical properties, pages 96-97, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel '']
====OCR====
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945679/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945679&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a2db42f7b4bdf10cafaafa3bb9120940 ''Transition metals, page 55, Gateway GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359829/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359829&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=90e8d7b4f039d53035238fa0320fe00b ''Transition metals, pages 88, 140-141, Gateway GCSE Chemistry, Oxford, OCR '']