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→About States of Matter
===About States of Matter===
: [[Material|Materials]] can be [[solid]], [[liquid]] or [[gas]].
: The '''state of matter''' can be changed altered by heating or cooling changing the [[temperature]] of the [[material]] or increasing or decreasing changing the [[pressure]] on the [[material]].: The [[property|properties]] of [[solid]]s, [[liquid]]s and [[gas]]es can be explained by the way the [[particle]]s inside those [[substance]]s behave.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Solids
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''Particle Diagram'''| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''Particle Arrangement'''| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''Property'''
|-
|rowspan="46"|[[File:ParticleModelSolid.png|center|200px]]| stylerowspan="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;2" |[[Particle]]s are in fixed positions.
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Solid]]s hold their shape.
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Convection]] cannot happen in [[solid]]s.|-|rowspan="24"|[[Particle]]s and are very close together.
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Solid]]s cannot be [[compressed]].
|-
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Particle]]s [[vibrate]].
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Thermal Conduction]] happens best in [[solid]]s.
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Liquids
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''Particle Diagram'''
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''Particle Arrangement'''
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''Property'''
|-
|rowspan="6"|[[File:ParticleModelLiquid.png|center|200px]]
|rowspan="3"|[[Particle]]s can slide past each other.
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Liquid]]s can be poured.
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Liquid]]s fit the shape of their container.
|-
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Convection]] happens in [[solid]]s.
|-
|rowspan="3"|[[Particle]]s are close together.
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Liquid]]s cannot be [[compressed]].
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Sound]] passes through [[liquid]]s faster than [[gas]]es.
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Thermal Conduction]] happens in [[liquid]]s but not as well as in [[solid]]s.
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Gases
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''Particle Diagram'''
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''Particle Arrangement'''
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''Property'''
|-
|rowspan="6"|[[File:ParticleModelGas.png|center|200px]]
|rowspan="3"|[[Particle]]s are free to move in all directions.
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Gas]]es fit the size of their container.
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Gas]]es fit the shape of their container.
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Convection]] happens most easily in [[gas]]es.
|-
|rowspan="3"|[[Particle]]s are spread apart.
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Gas]]es can be [[compressed]] into a smaller [[Volume (Space)|volume]].
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Sound]] passes through [[gas]]es slower than [[liquid]]s and [[solid]]s.
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Thermal Conduction]] is very poor in a [[gas]]es.
|}
====Why isn't everything a gas?====
: When [[particle]]s are near each other, they tend to stick together. This is due to [[force]]s acting between [[adjacent]] [[particle]]s. When two [[particle]]s are near one another they are [[attracted]] together. This causes those [[particle]]s to come together. Without this [[force]] of [[attraction]] between particles they would not stick together and there would be no [[solid]] or [[liquid]] '''states'''.
: What determines if a [[substance]] is a [[solid]], [[liquid]] or [[gas]] at [[Room Temperature|room temperature]] is how big that [[force]] of [[attraction]] is.
====Why Solids and Liquids exist====
: Different [[substance]]s have a different [[force]] of [[attraction]] between the [[adjacent]] [[particle]]s.
: Silicon dioxide (sand and glass) is [[solid]] at [[Room Temperature|room temperature]] because there is a strong [[force]] of [[attraction]] between [[adjacent]] [[molecule]]s.
: [[Water]] is a [[liquid]] at [[Room Temperature|room temperature]] because the [[force]] of [[attraction]] is not great enough to hold the [[molecule]]s in position. However, it is great enough to keep them together.
: [[Oxygen]] is a gas at [[Room Temperature|room temperature]] because there is a very weak [[force]] of [[attraction]] between [[adjacent]] [[molecule]]s.
===References===
====AQA====
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945970/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945970&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a120d24dcc7cc7a58192069a3aafc1d2 ''States of matter, pages 106, 107, 110-113, GCSE Physics; The Complete 9-1 Course for AQA, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945598/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945598&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ad276ad49df77ab4b40ab4fd0fe10313 ''States of matter, pages 121, 122, 193, 195, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851354/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851354&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9012a0d354024419214fb3ad5ac44ba0 ''States of matter, pages 164-5, 323, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 1, Hodder, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945571/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945571&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9e29fad914244909903e5e93f8a01d244 ''States of matter, pages 36, 37, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359381/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359381&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=47c8d1ae58d8b3a5e2094cd447154558 ''States of matter, pages 36-37, GCSE Chemistry; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/178294558X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=178294558X&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=f0dfb66dafcb0c6e9449e7b1a4ae1ac428 ''States of matter, pages 38-40, GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851346/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851346&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3ac654f4b0da781c49c855a1af4c92ea ''States of matter, pages 49-50, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0008158762/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0008158762&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a0fffa35b3ea49a63404f6704e0df7cc ''States of matter, pages 56-7, 59, 68-9, GCSE Chemistry; Student Book, Collins, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/019835939X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=019835939X&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=57e96876985fc39b1a3d8a3e3dc238b6 ''States of matter, pages 78-85, GCSE Physics; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0008158770/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0008158770&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ec31595e720e1529e49876c3866fff6e ''States of matter, pages 84, 100-1, GCSE Physics; Student Book, Collins, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782946403/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782946403&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=32a0abb60dff015b15b50e9b1d7b4644 ''States of matter, pages 96, 97, 100-103, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Physics, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/178294639X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=178294639X&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=51599bb45a2bfaf7c1b6a978b2ca2616 ''States of matter, pages 97, 101, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Chemistry, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945962/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945962&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=476bb5c8d1dfb5c08ac81b6d4d1c98d8 ''States of matter, pages 99, 103, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851354/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851354&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9012a0d354024419214fb3ad5ac44ba0 ''States of matter; changes of, pages 324-5, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 1, Hodder, AQA '']
====Edexcel====
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945741/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945741&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=30da4f2178da182547b62a7329d13b57 ''Sates of matter, pages 97, 98, 201, 203, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120223/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120223&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=068ecf40278c32406a7f1c6e66751417 ''States of matter, page 182, GCSE Physics, Pearson Edexcel '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120215/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120215&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=8f96ddb76196848bafdb124354e4cf77 ''States of matter, pages 2-3, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948163/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948163&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=0fdbfd5dd397d6e24a9dfb250f08587f ''States of matter, pages 299, 300, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945733/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945733&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=2a2dbec9db6bf5766c0458d908fa0a52 ''States of matter, pages 94, 96, GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948147/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948147&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=f63dcd8345f4e49c717b39a228a36c7c ''States of matter, pages 95-99, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, Edexcel '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948163/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948163&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=0fdbfd5dd397d6e24a9dfb250f08587f ''States of matter; changing state, pages 302, 303, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel '']
====OCR====
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945679/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945679&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a2db42f7b4bdf10cafaafa3bb9120940 ''States of matter, page 12, Gateway GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945687/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945687&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9a598e52189317a20311d7a632747bc9 ''States of matter, page 14, Gateway GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359829/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359829&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=90e8d7b4f039d53035238fa0320fe00b ''States of matter, pages 18-21, 76-77, Gateway GCSE Chemistry, Oxford, OCR '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945695/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945695&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ceafcc80bcad6b6754ee97a0c7ceea53 ''States of matter, pages 82, 152, 154, Gateway GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR '']