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→About Quarks
===About Quarks===
: The '''quark''' is denoted with a lower case '''q'''.
: '''Quarks''' are believed to be [[Fundamental Particle|fundamental particles]] but they have never been observed on their own.
: '''Quarks''' always exist as part of [[hadron]] including a [[baryon]], which is a triplet of [[quark]]s or a [[meson]] which is a [[quark]]-[[antiquark]] pair.
: There are 6 types of [[quark]] including:
:*[[Up-quark]] (u) - With a [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of <math>+\frac{2}{3}</math>[[Elementary Charge|e]], two of which are found in [[proton]] and one of which is found in a [[neutron]].:*[[Down-quark]] (d) - With a [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of <math>-\frac{1}{3}</math>[[Elementary Charge|e]], two of which are found in a [[neutron]] and one of which is found in a [[proton]].:*[[Strange-quark]] (s) - With a [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of <math>-\frac{1}{3}</math>[[Elementary Charge|e]] which [[Radioactive Decay|decays]] quickly via the [[Weak Nuclear Interaction|weak interaction]] into a [[down-quark]].(The following are not on all A-level syllabi):*[[Top-quark]] (t) - With a [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of <math>+\frac{2}{3}</math>[[Elementary Charge|e]] which [[Radioactive Decay|decays]] quickly via the [[Weak Nuclear Interaction|weak interaction]].:*[[Bottom-quark]] (b) - With a [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of <math>-\frac{1}{3}</math>[[Elementary Charge|e]] which [[Radioactive Decay|decays]] quickly via the [[Weak Nuclear Interaction|weak interaction]].:*[[Charm-quark]] (c) - With a [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of <math>+\frac{2}{3}</math>[[Elementary Charge|e]] which [[Radioactive Decay|decays]] quickly via the [[Weak Nuclear Interaction|weak interaction]].
===Conserved Quantities===
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|
[[Up-quark]]
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>qQ=+\frac{2}{3}</math>
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>S=0</math>
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>bB=+\frac{1}{3}</math>| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>lL=0</math>
|-
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|
[[Down-quark]]
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>qQ=-\frac{1}{3}</math>
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>S=0</math>
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>bB=+\frac{1}{3}</math>| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>lL=0</math>
|-
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|
[[Strange-quark]]
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>qQ=-\frac{1}{3}</math>
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>S=-1</math>
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>bB=+\frac{1}{3}</math>| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>lL=0</math>
|-
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|
[[Top-quark]]
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>qQ=+\frac{2}{3}</math>
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>S=0</math>
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>bB=+\frac{1}{3}</math>| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>lL=0</math>
|-
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|
[[Bottom-quark]]
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>qQ=-\frac{1}{3}</math>
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>S=0</math>
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>bB=+\frac{1}{3}</math>| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>lL=0</math>
|-
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|
[[Charm-quark]]
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>qQ=+\frac{2}{3}</math>
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>S=0</math>
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>bB=+\frac{1}{3}</math>| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>lL=0</math>
|}
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|
[[Antiup-quark]]
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>qQ=-\frac{2}{3}</math>
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>S=0</math>
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>bB=-\frac{1}{3}</math>| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>lL=0</math>
|-
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|
[[Antidown-quark]]
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>qQ=+\frac{1}{3}</math>
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>S=0</math>
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>bB=-\frac{1}{3}</math>| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>lL=0</math>
|-
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|
[[Antistrange-quark]]
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>qQ=+\frac{1}{3}</math>
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>S=+1</math>
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>bB=-\frac{1}{3}</math>| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>lL=0</math>
|-
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|
[[Antitop-quark]]
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>qQ=-\frac{2}{3}</math>
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>S=0</math>
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>bB=-\frac{1}{3}</math>| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>lL=0</math>
|-
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|
[[Antibottom-quark]]
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>qQ=+\frac{1}{3}</math>
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>S=0</math>
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>bB=-\frac{1}{3}</math>| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>lL=0</math>
|-
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|
[[Anticharm-quark]]
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>qQ=-\frac{2}{3}</math>
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>S=0</math>
| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>bB=-\frac{1}{3}</math>| style="height:20px; width:120px; text-align:center;"|<math>lL=0</math>
|}