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| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |'''Average Frequency'''
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |'''Average Wavelength'''
| style="height:20px; width:400px; text-align:center;" |'''Affect Effect on matter'''
|-
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |Radiowaves
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |10<sup>-8</sup>m
| style="height:20px; width:400px; text-align:center;" |Can cause [[electron]]s in some [[material]]s to gain enough [[energy]] to leave [[atom]]s creating [[ion]]s which can destroy [[Chemical Bond|chemical bonds]].
Can cause [[electron]]s in [[fluorescent]] [[material]]s to raise to a higher [[Energy Level|energy level]], then as they fall to a lower [[Energy Level|energy levels]] the [[material]] gives off [[Visible Light|visible light]].
|-
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |X-rays
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |10<sup>18</sup>Hz
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |10<sup>-10</sup>m
| style="height:20px; width:400px; text-align:center;" |Can cause [[electron]]s in many [[material]]s to gain enough [[energy]] to leave [[atom]]s creating [[ion]]s which can destroy [[Chemical Bond|chemical bonds]]. However, it often passes through many [[Non-metal|non-metals ]] without colliding with any [[atom]]s.
|-
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |Gamma rays
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |10<sup>20</sup>Hz
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |10<sup>-12</sup>m
| style="height:20px; width:400px; text-align:center;" |Causes [[electron]]s all [[material]]s to gain enough [[energy]] to leave [[atom]]s creating [[ion]]s which can destroy [[Chemical Bond|chemical bonds]]. However, it often passes through many non-metals most [[material]]s without colliding with any [[atom]]s, unless they are particularly [[Density|dense]] (like [[lead]]) or very thick.
|}
|-
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |Radiowaves
| style="height:20px; width:500px; text-align:center;" |CommunicationSatellite communication, radio broadcasts, television broadcasts, radar.
|-
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |Microwaves
| style="height:20px; width:500px; text-align:center;" |CommunicationSatellite communication, mobile phone communication, cooking food.
|-
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |Infrared
| style="height:20px; width:500px; text-align:center;" |Remote controls, night vision, thermal imaging, cooking food, fibre optics.
|-
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |Visible Light
| style="height:20px; width:500px; text-align:center;" |Sight, photography, microscopy, telescopy, fibre optics.
|-
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |Ultraviolet
| style="height:20px; width:500px; text-align:center;" |Revealing fluorescent ink to detect forged bank notes, tanning beds, sterilising water.
|-
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |X-rays
| style="height:20px; width:500px; text-align:center;" |Medical imaging of bones. Medical imaging of intestines, using Barium Sulphate, CAT scans to identify tumorstumours, Fluoroscopes.
|-
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |Gamma-rays
| style="height:20px; width:500px; text-align:center;" |Sterilising food, sterilising medical equipment. Irradiating cancerous tumorstumours. Medical imaging to find blockages in [[organ]]s.
|}
|-
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |Ultraviolet
| style="height:20px; width:500px; text-align:center;" |Can cause sunburn and . Can cause skin cancer by ionising and damaging DNA [[molecule]]s leading to a [[mutation]]. Can cause [[cataracts]] (clouding of the [[cornea]]).
|-
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |X-rays
| style="height:20px; width:500px; text-align:center;" |Can cause cancer anywhere in the body by ionising and damaging DNA [[molecule]]s leading to a [[mutation]]. Can cause radiation poisoning with high exposure.
|}
===References===
====AQA====
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782946403/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782946403&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=32a0abb60dff015b15b50e9b1d7b4644 ''Electromagnetic spectrum, page 200, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Physics, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945598/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945598&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ad276ad49df77ab4b40ab4fd0fe09882 ''Electromagnetic spectrum, page 223, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945970/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945970&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a120d24dcc7cc7a58192069a3aafc1d2 ''Electromagnetic spectrum, page 242, GCSE Physics; The Complete 9-1 Course for AQA, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0008158762/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0008158762&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a0fffa35b3ea49a63404f6704e0df7cc ''Electromagnetic spectrum, page 303, GCSE Chemistry; Student Book, Collins, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/178294558X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=178294558X&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=f0dfb66dafcb0c6e9449e7b1a4ae1ac119 ''Electromagnetic spectrum, page 76, GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/019835939X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=019835939X&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=57e96876985fc39b1a3d8a3e3dc238b6 ''Electromagnetic spectrum, pages 190-193, 196-197, GCSE Physics; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851362/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851362&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=7d78d70a2044ee9982dae010c94af92a ''Electromagnetic spectrum, pages 262, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 2, Hodder, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/178294558X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=178294558X&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=f0dfb66dafcb0c6e9449e7b1a4ae1ac122 ''Electromagnetic waves, dangers, page 81, GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851370/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851370&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=01c69b0ae058f809cf636033e6ba793e ''Electromagnetic waves, page 194, GCSE Physics, Hodder, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782946403/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782946403&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=32a0abb60dff015b15b50e9b1d7b4644 ''Electromagnetic waves, pages 200-202, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Physics, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945598/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945598&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ad276ad49df77ab4b40ab4fd0fe09883 ''Electromagnetic waves, pages 223, 226, 227, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945970/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945970&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a120d24dcc7cc7a58192069a3aafc1d2 ''Electromagnetic waves, pages 242-244, GCSE Physics; The Complete 9-1 Course for AQA, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851362/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851362&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=7d78d70a2044ee9982dae010c94af92a ''Electromagnetic waves, pages 262, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 2, Hodder, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/019835939X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=019835939X&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=57e96876985fc39b1a3d8a3e3dc238b6 ''Electromagnetic waves, pages 26-29, 174-179, 190-213, 238-239, GCSE Physics; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/178294558X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=178294558X&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=f0dfb66dafcb0c6e9449e7b1a4ae1ac120 ''Electromagnetic waves, pages 76, 85, GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945598/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945598&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ad276ad49df77ab4b40ab4fd0fe09885 ''Electromagnetic waves, uses, pages 224, 225, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/178294558X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=178294558X&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=f0dfb66dafcb0c6e9449e7b1a4ae1ac123 ''Electromagnetic waves, uses, pages 78-80, GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/178294558X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=178294558X&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=f0dfb66dafcb0c6e9449e7b1a4ae1ac121 ''Electromagnetic waves; black body radiation, page 87, GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945970/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945970&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a120d24dcc7cc7a58192069a3aafc1d2 ''Electromagnetic waves; black body radiation, pages 260, 261, GCSE Physics; The Complete 9-1 Course for AQA, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945598/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945598&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ad276ad49df77ab4b40ab4fd0fe09884 ''Electromagnetic waves; dangers, page 228, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945970/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945970&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a120d24dcc7cc7a58192069a3aafc1d2 ''Electromagnetic waves; dangers, pages 137, 139, 251, 252, GCSE Physics; The Complete 9-1 Course for AQA, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782946403/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782946403&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=32a0abb60dff015b15b50e9b1d7b4644 ''Electromagnetic waves; dangers, pages 211, 212, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Physics, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851370/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851370&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=01c69b0ae058f809cf636033e6ba793e ''Electromagnetic waves; hazards of, page 199, GCSE Physics, Hodder, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851362/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851362&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=7d78d70a2044ee9982dae010c94af92a ''Electromagnetic waves; Hazards of, pages 266, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 2, Hodder, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851370/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851370&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=01c69b0ae058f809cf636033e6ba793e ''Electromagnetic waves; leslie cube investigation, page 202, GCSE Physics, Hodder, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851370/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851370&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=01c69b0ae058f809cf636033e6ba793e ''Electromagnetic waves; production and transmission of, pages 198-9, GCSE Physics, Hodder, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851362/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851362&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=7d78d70a2044ee9982dae010c94af92a ''Electromagnetic waves; Production of, pages 265-6, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 2, Hodder, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782946403/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782946403&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=32a0abb60dff015b15b50e9b1d7b4644 ''Electromagnetic waves; production, pages 201, 203, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Physics, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945970/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945970&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a120d24dcc7cc7a58192069a3aafc1d2 ''Electromagnetic waves; production, pages 243, 245, GCSE Physics; The Complete 9-1 Course for AQA, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851370/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851370&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=01c69b0ae058f809cf636033e6ba793e ''Electromagnetic waves; properties of, page 195, GCSE Physics, Hodder, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851362/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851362&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=7d78d70a2044ee9982dae010c94af92a ''Electromagnetic waves; Properties of, pages 263, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 2, Hodder, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851370/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851370&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=01c69b0ae058f809cf636033e6ba793e ''Electromagnetic waves; refraction of, GCSE Physics, Hodder, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851370/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851370&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=01c69b0ae058f809cf636033e6ba793e ''Electromagnetic waves; refraction, pages 195-6, GCSE Physics, Hodder, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851362/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851362&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=7d78d70a2044ee9982dae010c94af92a ''Electromagnetic waves; Uses and applications of, pages 266-8, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 2, Hodder, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851370/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851370&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=01c69b0ae058f809cf636033e6ba793e ''Electromagnetic waves; uses and applications, pages 200-1. GCSE Physics, Hodder, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945970/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945970&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a120d24dcc7cc7a58192069a3aafc1d2 ''Electromagnetic waves; uses, pages 138, 139, 245-250, GCSE Physics; The Complete 9-1 Course for AQA, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782946403/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782946403&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=32a0abb60dff015b15b50e9b1d7b4644 ''Electromagnetic waves; uses, pages 203-208, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Physics, CGP, AQA '']
====Edexcel====
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945741/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945741&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=30da4f2178da182547b62a7329d13b57 ''Electromagnetic radiation, page 142, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120193/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120193&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=572df39392fb4200db8391d98ae6314e ''Electromagnetic radiation, page 358, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945725/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945725&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=694be7494de75af3349537d34e13f7f0 ''Electromagnetic radiation, page 92, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120223/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120223&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=068ecf40278c32406a7f1c6e66751417 ''Electromagnetic radiation, pages 94, 122, GCSE Physics, Pearson Edexcel '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945741/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945741&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=30da4f2178da182547b62a7329d13b57 ''Electromagnetic spectrum, page 168, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945733/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945733&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=2a2dbec9db6bf5766c0458d908fa0a52 ''Electromagnetic spectrum, page 43, GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120193/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120193&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=572df39392fb4200db8391d98ae6314e ''Electromagnetic spectrum, pages 344-345, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120223/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120223&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=068ecf40278c32406a7f1c6e66751417 ''Electromagnetic spectrum, pages 76-77, GCSE Physics, Pearson Edexcel '']
====OCR====
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945695/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945695&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ceafcc80bcad6b6754ee97a0c7ceea53 ''Electromagnetic (EM) radiation, pages 145, 192-194, 196, Gateway GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR '']
==Key Stage 5==
===Meaning===
'''Electromagnetic waves''' are [[Transverse Wave|transverse waves]] consisting of [[Oscillate|oscillating]] [[Electric Field|electric]] and [[Magnetic Field|magnetic fields]] that propagate through space at the [[speed]] of light.
===About Electromagnetic Waves===
*'''Electromagnetic waves (EM waves)''' travel at the [[speed]] of [[Visible Light|light]] in a vacuum, 𝑐=3×10<sup>8</sup>m/s.
*'''EM waves''' can travel through a [[vacuum]], unlike [[Mechanical Wave|mechanical waves]].
*'''EM waves''' Have a wide range of [[wavelength]]s and [[Frequency|frequencies]], forming the [[Electromagnetic Spectrum|electromagnetic spectrum]].
*Examples include radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.
*The [[energy]] of an '''electromagnetic wave''' is quantized in packets called [[photon]]s, with [[energy]] propotional to their [[frequency]] with the constant of proportionality being [[Planck's Constant]].
*'''EM waves''' can be [[reflect]]ed, [[refract]]ed, and [[diffract]]ed and as [[Transverse Wave|transverse waves]] they can also be [[Polarized Wave|polarized]].
===Formula===
*𝐸=ℎ𝑓
Where:
*𝐸 is the [[energy]] of the associated [[photon]]
*ℎ is [[Planck's Constant]]
*𝑓 is the [[frequency]] of the associated [[wave]]