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*[[Erector Muscle|Erector muscles]] contract causing body hairs to stand on end. This creates a pocket of trapped air under the hairs which insulates the body.
*[[Blood Vessel|Blood vessels]] near the surface of the [[skin]] [[constrict]] reducing [[blood]] flow close to the [[skin]] preventing [[Thermal Energy Store|thermal energy]] being lost to the [[skin]].
*[[Muscle]]s throughout the body begin to shake. This is called shivering.
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