Open main menu
Key Stage Wiki β

Difference between revisions of "Crude Oil"

(→‎Key Stage 4)
(→‎Key Stage 4)
Line 42: Line 42:
 
'''Crude oil''' can be [[Separating Mixtures|separated]] by [[Fractional Distillation|fractional distillation]] into different 'fractions' which have different applications:
 
'''Crude oil''' can be [[Separating Mixtures|separated]] by [[Fractional Distillation|fractional distillation]] into different 'fractions' which have different applications:
 
*[[Natural Gas]]
 
*[[Natural Gas]]
−
*[[Liquid Petroleum Gas]]
+
*[[Liquid Petroleum Gas]] ([[LPG]])
 
*[[Petrol]]
 
*[[Petrol]]
 
*[[Kerosine]]
 
*[[Kerosine]]
Line 61: Line 61:
 
| style="height:20px; width:350px; text-align:center;" |[[Fuel]] for heating homes and gas power stations.
 
| style="height:20px; width:350px; text-align:center;" |[[Fuel]] for heating homes and gas power stations.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="height:20px; width:70px; text-align:center;" |[[Liquid Petroleum Gas]]
+
| style="height:20px; width:70px; text-align:center;" |[[LPG]]
 
| style="height:20px; width:85px; text-align:center;" |3-4
 
| style="height:20px; width:85px; text-align:center;" |3-4
 
| style="height:20px; width:85px; text-align:center;" |-42 to -1
 
| style="height:20px; width:85px; text-align:center;" |-42 to -1
Line 90: Line 90:
 
| style="height:20px; width:85px; text-align:center;" |Not distilled.
 
| style="height:20px; width:85px; text-align:center;" |Not distilled.
 
| style="height:20px; width:350px; text-align:center;" |[[Tar]] for roads.
 
| style="height:20px; width:350px; text-align:center;" |[[Tar]] for roads.
 +
|}
 +
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
| style="height:20px; width:100px; text-align:center;" |'''Fraction'''
 +
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |Natural Gas
 +
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |LPG
 +
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |Petrol
 +
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |Kerosene
 +
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |Diesel
 +
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |Lubricating Oil
 +
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |Bitumen
 +
|-
 +
| style="height:20px; width:100px; text-align:center;" |'''Carbon Chain Length'''
 +
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |1-2
 +
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |3-4
 +
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |5-10
 +
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |10-16
 +
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |14-20
 +
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |20-50
 +
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |70+
 +
|-
 +
| style="height:20px; width:100px; text-align:center;" |'''[[Boiling Point]]'''
 +
colspan="7"|[[File:ArrowBoilingPoint.png|center|200px]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="height:20px; width:100px; text-align:center;" |'''[[Viscosity]]'''
 +
colspan="7"|[[File:ArrowViscosity.png|center|200px]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="height:20px; width:100px; text-align:center;" |'''[[Flammability]]'''
 +
colspan="7"|[[File:ArrowFlammability.png|center|200px]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="height:20px; width:100px; text-align:center;" |'''[[Volatility]]'''
 +
colspan="7"|[[File:ArrowVolatility.png|center|200px]]
 
|}
 
|}

Revision as of 11:10, 15 January 2019

Key Stage 3

Meaning

Crude Oil is a Fossil Fuel formed from the remains of dead sea creatures trapped in the sediment at the bottom of the sea.

About Crude Oil

Crude Oil is a non-renewable energy resource.
Crude Oil has energy in its chemical potential energy store which can be transferred into a thermal energy store by combustion.

Power

Crude Oil can be used to provide power directly buy burning it in homes, cars, trains. planes and in furnaces or it can provide power by generating electricity.
CrudeOilPowerStationDiagram2.png
A diagram of an oil power station.
1. Crude Oil is burned in a furnace.
2. Water is heated in a boiler by the burning oil.
3. Water turns to steam and passes down pipes to turn a turbine.
4. The turbine causes a generator to spin.
5. The generator makes an electrical current.

Advantages

  • Can work continuously.
  • Power supply can be varied depending on demand.
  • Few power stations needed to supply a large number of houses.

Disadvantages

  • Cost of fuel.
  • Produce Carbon Dioxide contributing to global warming.
  • Other pollutants produced which can harm health or produce acid rain.
  • Crude Oil will run out.

Key Stage 4

Meaning

Crude oil is a mixture of different hydrocarbons formed over millions of years from the remains of dead sea creatures trapped in the sediment at the bottom of the sea.

About Crude Oil

Crude oil is known as a Fossil Fuel.
Crude oil is a non-renewable energy resource so once it is used it cannot be replaced within our lifetime.
Modern technology relies heavily on crude oil as both a fuel and a feedstock for producing plastics.

Crude oil can be separated by fractional distillation into different 'fractions' which have different applications:

Fraction Carbon Chain Length Boiling Point (°C) Application
Natural Gas 1-2 -160 to -89 Fuel for heating homes and gas power stations.
LPG 3-4 -42 to -1 Fuel for heating homes and gas power stations.
Petrol (Gasoline) 5-10 20 to 200 Fuel for cars and feedstock for plastic manufacture.
Kerosine 10-16 180 to 260 Fuel for Planes.
Diesel 14-20 260 to 340 Fuel for cars, trucks and trains.
Lubricating Oil 20-50 370 to 600 Lubrication for machines.
Bitumen 70+ Not distilled. Tar for roads.
Fraction Natural Gas LPG Petrol Kerosene Diesel Lubricating Oil Bitumen
Carbon Chain Length 1-2 3-4 5-10 10-16 14-20 20-50 70+
Boiling Point colspan="7"|
ArrowBoilingPoint.png
Viscosity colspan="7"|
ArrowViscosity.png
Flammability colspan="7"|
ArrowFlammability.png
Volatility colspan="7"|
ArrowVolatility.png
Retrieved from "https://keystagewiki.com/index.php?title=Crude_Oil&oldid=8241"