Difference between revisions of "Medicine"
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==Key Stage 4== | ==Key Stage 4== | ||
| + | [[File:MedicineSymbol.png|right|300px|thumb|A symbol used to represent '''medicine'''.]] | ||
===Meaning=== | ===Meaning=== | ||
| − | [[Medicine]] is any treatment, including [[ | + | [[Medicine]] is any treatment, including [[drug]]s which can improve the [[health]] of an [[organism]] or prevent an [[organism]] from becoming unhealthy. |
===About Medicine=== | ===About Medicine=== | ||
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*[[Vaccination|Vaccines]] - Prevent [[infection]] by some [[pathogen]]s. | *[[Vaccination|Vaccines]] - Prevent [[infection]] by some [[pathogen]]s. | ||
*[[Pain Killer]]s - Can reduce or eliminate pain. | *[[Pain Killer]]s - Can reduce or eliminate pain. | ||
| − | *[[Antibiotic]]s - Weaken [[pathogenic bacteria]] when you have an [[infection]]. | + | *[[Antibiotic]]s - Weaken [[Pathogenic Bacteria|pathogenic bacteria]] when you have an [[infection]]. |
| − | *[[Antihistamine]]s - They reduce the | + | *[[Antihistamine]]s - They reduce the symptoms of [[hayfever]]. |
===Medicine Development=== | ===Medicine Development=== | ||
| − | New [[medicine]] goes through several stages of testing before it is made legal to use on | + | New [[medicine]] goes through several stages of testing before it is made legal to use on patients. |
*Discovery - Thousands of [[chemical]]s are identified which could be used to treat a [[disease]]. Only some are found to be suitable. | *Discovery - Thousands of [[chemical]]s are identified which could be used to treat a [[disease]]. Only some are found to be suitable. | ||
*[[Preclinical Trial]]s - A potential [[medicine]] is tested on [[tissue]]s grown in a lab or on [[animal]]s to determine a [[Medicine|medicinal]] effect, before using it on [[human]]s. | *[[Preclinical Trial]]s - A potential [[medicine]] is tested on [[tissue]]s grown in a lab or on [[animal]]s to determine a [[Medicine|medicinal]] effect, before using it on [[human]]s. | ||
*[[Clinical Trial]]s - A potential [[medicine]] is tested on [[human]]s to see if it is safe and if it works. | *[[Clinical Trial]]s - A potential [[medicine]] is tested on [[human]]s to see if it is safe and if it works. | ||
**Stage 1 - The potential [[medicine]] is tested in small [[dose]]s on healthy volunteers. This is done as a [[Double Blind Trial|double blind trial]] using a [[placebo]]. | **Stage 1 - The potential [[medicine]] is tested in small [[dose]]s on healthy volunteers. This is done as a [[Double Blind Trial|double blind trial]] using a [[placebo]]. | ||
| − | **Stage 2 - The potential [[medicine]] is tested on small numbers of | + | **Stage 2 - The potential [[medicine]] is tested on small numbers of patients with the [[disease]]. This is done as a [[Double Blind Trial|double blind trial]] using a [[placebo]]. |
| − | **Stage 3 - The potential [[medicine]] is tested on large numbers of | + | **Stage 3 - The potential [[medicine]] is tested on large numbers of patients in different doses to find the [[optimum]] [[dose]]. |
| − | *Licencing - The new [[medicine]] is reviewed for safety and if it passes the review can be prescribed by [[ | + | *Licencing - The new [[medicine]] is reviewed for safety and if it passes the review can be prescribed by doctors. |
| + | |||
| + | ===References=== | ||
| + | ====AQA==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/019835939X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=019835939X&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=57e96876985fc39b1a3d8a3e3dc238b6 ''Medicine, pages 102-103, 197-199, GCSE Physics; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA ''] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851370/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851370&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=01c69b0ae058f809cf636033e6ba793e ''Medicine; use of radioactive materials, pages 104-5, 115, GCSE Physics, Hodder, AQA ''] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851370/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851370&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=01c69b0ae058f809cf636033e6ba793e ''Medicine; use of ultrasound, page 191, GCSE Physics, Hodder, AQA ''] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851370/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851370&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=01c69b0ae058f809cf636033e6ba793e ''Medicine; uses of electromagnetic waves, page 201, GCSE Physics, Hodder, AQA ''] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359373/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359373&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=952a73bbb09d222ecc4b50d200679849 ''Medicines, pages 98-99, 102-109, 249, GCSE Biology; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA ''] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====OCR==== | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359810/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359810&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=d768d99f1a06f7c12fab40e5aef85a55 ''Medicine, pages 165, 228-229, 232-233, 240-245, Gateway GCSE Biology, Oxford, OCR ''] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945660/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945660&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=83aa4500ad7759e7f401a1c5ba5df758 ''Medicines, page 96, Gateway GCSE Biology; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR ''] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945695/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945695&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ceafcc80bcad6b6754ee97a0c7ceea53 ''Medicines, pages 72, 75, Gateway GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR ''] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945695/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945695&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ceafcc80bcad6b6754ee97a0c7ceea53 ''Medicines; developing new medicines, page 75, Gateway GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR ''] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945660/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945660&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=83aa4500ad7759e7f401a1c5ba5df758 ''Medicines; developing new, page 99, Gateway GCSE Biology; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR ''] | ||
Latest revision as of 10:17, 14 December 2019
Contents
Key Stage 4
Meaning
Medicine is any treatment, including drugs which can improve the health of an organism or prevent an organism from becoming unhealthy.
About Medicine
- All medicine has some side effects as it changes the way the body works.
- When taking medicine it is important to decide whether the side effects are worse than the disease you are attempting to treat.
- Medicines must go through a strict process of testing to prove they work and are safe before they can be given to the general public. Anything that has not been proven to work or has been proved not to work is called Alternative Medicine.
Some common medicine types you may have heard of:
- Vaccines - Prevent infection by some pathogens.
- Pain Killers - Can reduce or eliminate pain.
- Antibiotics - Weaken pathogenic bacteria when you have an infection.
- Antihistamines - They reduce the symptoms of hayfever.
Medicine Development
New medicine goes through several stages of testing before it is made legal to use on patients.
- Discovery - Thousands of chemicals are identified which could be used to treat a disease. Only some are found to be suitable.
- Preclinical Trials - A potential medicine is tested on tissues grown in a lab or on animals to determine a medicinal effect, before using it on humans.
- Clinical Trials - A potential medicine is tested on humans to see if it is safe and if it works.
- Stage 1 - The potential medicine is tested in small doses on healthy volunteers. This is done as a double blind trial using a placebo.
- Stage 2 - The potential medicine is tested on small numbers of patients with the disease. This is done as a double blind trial using a placebo.
- Stage 3 - The potential medicine is tested on large numbers of patients in different doses to find the optimum dose.
- Licencing - The new medicine is reviewed for safety and if it passes the review can be prescribed by doctors.
References
AQA
- Medicine, pages 102-103, 197-199, GCSE Physics; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA
- Medicine; use of radioactive materials, pages 104-5, 115, GCSE Physics, Hodder, AQA
- Medicine; use of ultrasound, page 191, GCSE Physics, Hodder, AQA
- Medicine; uses of electromagnetic waves, page 201, GCSE Physics, Hodder, AQA
- Medicines, pages 98-99, 102-109, 249, GCSE Biology; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA
OCR
- Medicine, pages 165, 228-229, 232-233, 240-245, Gateway GCSE Biology, Oxford, OCR
- Medicines, page 96, Gateway GCSE Biology; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR
- Medicines, pages 72, 75, Gateway GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR
- Medicines; developing new medicines, page 75, Gateway GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR
- Medicines; developing new, page 99, Gateway GCSE Biology; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR