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: [[Crude Oil]] has [[energy]] in its [[Chemical Potential Energy Store|chemical potential energy store]] which can be transferred into a [[Thermal Energy Store|thermal energy store]] by [[combustion]].
 
: [[Crude Oil]] has [[energy]] in its [[Chemical Potential Energy Store|chemical potential energy store]] which can be transferred into a [[Thermal Energy Store|thermal energy store]] by [[combustion]].
  
−
===Power===
+
==Key Stage 4==
−
: [[Crude Oil]] can be used to provide [[power]] directly buy burning it in homes, cars, trains. planes and in furnaces or it can provide power by generating electricity.
+
===Meaning===
 +
'''Crude oil''' is a [[mixture]] of different [[hydrocarbon]]s, mostly [[alkane]]s, formed in an [[anoxic]] environment over millions of years from the remains of dead sea creatures trapped in the [[sediment]] at the bottom of the sea.
 +
 
 +
===About Crude Oil===
 +
: '''Crude oil''' is known as a [[Fossil Fuel]].
 +
: '''Crude oil''' is a [[Non-renewable Energy Resource|non-renewable energy resource]] so once it is used it cannot be replaced within our lifetime.
 +
: Modern technology relies heavily on '''crude oil''' as both a [[fuel]] and a [[feedstock]] for producing [[Plastic (Material)|plastics]].
 +
'''Crude oil''' can be [[Separating Mixtures|separated]] by [[Fractional Distillation|fractional distillation]] into different 'fractions' which have different applications:
 +
*[[Natural Gas]]
 +
*[[Liquid Petroleum Gas]] ([[LPG]])
 +
*[[Petrol]] ([[Gasoline]])
 +
*[[Kerosine]]
 +
*[[Diesel]]
 +
*[[Lubricating Oil]]
 +
*[[Bitumen]]
 +
 
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|+ Crude Oil Fraction Applications
 +
|-
 +
| style="height:20px; width:70px; text-align:center;" |'''Fraction'''
 +
| style="height:20px; width:85px; text-align:center;" |'''Carbon Chain Length'''
 +
| style="height:20px; width:85px; text-align:center;" |'''Boiling Point (°C)'''
 +
| style="height:20px; width:350px; text-align:center;" |'''Application'''
 +
|-
 +
| style="height:20px; width:70px; text-align:center;" |[[Natural Gas]]
 +
| style="height:20px; width:85px; text-align:center;" |1-2
 +
| style="height:20px; width:85px; text-align:center;" |-160 to -89
 +
| style="height:20px; width:350px; text-align:center;" |[[Fuel]] for heating homes and gas [[Thermal Power Station|power station]]s.
 +
|-
 +
| style="height:20px; width:70px; text-align:center;" |[[LPG]]
 +
| style="height:20px; width:85px; text-align:center;" |3-4
 +
| style="height:20px; width:85px; text-align:center;" |-42 to -1
 +
| style="height:20px; width:350px; text-align:center;" |[[Fuel]] for heating homes and gas [[Thermal Power Station|power station]]s.
 +
|-
 +
| style="height:20px; width:70px; text-align:center;" |[[Petrol]] (Gasoline)
 +
| style="height:20px; width:85px; text-align:center;" |5-10
 +
| style="height:20px; width:85px; text-align:center;" |20 to 200
 +
| style="height:20px; width:350px; text-align:center;" |[[Fuel]] for cars and [[feedstock]] for [[Plastic (Material)|plastic]] manufacture.
 +
|-
 +
| style="height:20px; width:70px; text-align:center;" |[[Kerosine]]
 +
| style="height:20px; width:85px; text-align:center;" |10-16
 +
| style="height:20px; width:85px; text-align:center;" |180 to 260
 +
| style="height:20px; width:350px; text-align:center;" |[[Fuel]] for Planes.
 +
|-
 +
| style="height:20px; width:70px; text-align:center;" |[[Diesel]]
 +
| style="height:20px; width:85px; text-align:center;" |14-20
 +
| style="height:20px; width:85px; text-align:center;" |260 to 340
 +
| style="height:20px; width:350px; text-align:center;" |[[Fuel]] for cars, trucks and trains.
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[File:CrudeOilPowerStationDiagram2.png|center|600px]]
+
| style="height:20px; width:70px; text-align:center;" |[[Lubricating Oil]]
 +
| style="height:20px; width:85px; text-align:center;" |20-50
 +
| style="height:20px; width:85px; text-align:center;" |370 to 600
 +
| style="height:20px; width:350px; text-align:center;" |[[Lubrication]] for machines.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |A [[diagram]] of a [[coal]] [[power station]].
+
| style="height:20px; width:70px; text-align:center;" |[[Bitumen]]
 +
| style="height:20px; width:85px; text-align:center;" |70+
 +
| style="height:20px; width:85px; text-align:center;" |Not distilled.
 +
| style="height:20px; width:350px; text-align:center;" |Tar for roads.
 
|}
 
|}
−
: 1. Crude Oil is burned in a furnace.
 
−
: 2. Water is heated in a boiler by the burning oil.
 
−
: 3. Water turns to steam and passes down pipes to turn a turbine.
 
−
: 4. The turbine causes a generator to spin.
 
−
: 5. The generator makes an electrical current.
 
  
−
====Advantages====
+
{| class="wikitable"
−
*Can work continuously.
+
|+Fractional Distillation Tower
−
*Power supply can be varied depending on demand.
+
|-
−
*Few power stations needed to supply a large number of houses.
+
|[[File:FractionalDistillation.png|center|400px]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |A [[diagram]] showing a [[Fractional Distillation|fractional distillation]] tower.
 +
|}
  
−
====Disadvantages====
 
−
*Cost of fuel.
 
−
*Produce Carbon Dioxide contributing to global warming.
 
−
*Other pollutants produced which can harm health or produce acid rain.
 
−
*Crude Oil will run out.
 
  
−
==Key Stage 4==
+
{| class="wikitable"
−
===Meaning===
+
|+ Crude Oil Fraction Properties
−
'''Crude oil''' is a [[Non-renewable Energy Resource|non-renewable energy resource]] and a [[feedstock]] for producing [[Plastic (Material)|plastics]].
+
|-
 +
| style="height:20px; width:100px; text-align:center;" |'''Fraction'''
 +
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |Natural Gas
 +
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |LPG
 +
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |Petrol
 +
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |Kerosene
 +
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |Diesel
 +
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |Lubricating Oil
 +
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |Bitumen
 +
|-
 +
| style="height:20px; width:100px; text-align:center;" |'''Carbon Chain Length'''
 +
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |1-2
 +
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |3-4
 +
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |5-10
 +
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |10-16
 +
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |14-20
 +
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |20-50
 +
| style="height:20px; width:50px; text-align:center;" |70+
 +
|-
 +
| style="height:20px; width:100px; text-align:center;" |'''[[Boiling Point]]'''
 +
|colspan="7"|[[File:ArrowBoilingPoint.png|center|400px]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="height:20px; width:100px; text-align:center;" |'''[[Viscosity]]'''
 +
|colspan="7"|[[File:ArrowViscosity.png|center|400px]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="height:20px; width:100px; text-align:center;" |'''[[Flammability]]'''
 +
|colspan="7"|[[File:ArrowFlammability.png|center|400px]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="height:20px; width:100px; text-align:center;" |'''[[Volatility]]'''
 +
|colspan="7"|[[File:ArrowVolatility.png|center|400px]]
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
 
 +
===References===
 +
====AQA====
 +
 
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851362/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851362&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=7d78d70a2044ee9982dae010c94af92a ''Crude oil, pages 142-3, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 2, Hodder, AQA  '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945598/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945598&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ad276ad49df77ab4b40ab4fd0fe09815 ''Crude oil, pages 147-149, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359381/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359381&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=47c8d1ae58d8b3a5e2094cd447154558 ''Crude oil, pages 148-157, 196, GCSE Chemistry; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851346/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851346&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3ac654f4b0da781c49c855a1af4c92ea ''Crude oil, pages 171-2, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0008158762/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0008158762&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a0fffa35b3ea49a63404f6704e0df7cc ''Crude oil, pages 19, 226-33, 246, 337, GCSE Chemistry; Student Book, Collins, AQA '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/178294639X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=178294639X&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=51599bb45a2bfaf7c1b6a978b2ca2616 ''Crude oil, pages 191-195, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Chemistry, CGP, AQA '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945962/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945962&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=476bb5c8d1dfb5c08ac81b6d4d1c98d8 ''Crude oil, pages 223-227, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, AQA '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945571/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945571&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9e29fad914244909903e5e93f8a01d97 ''Crude oil, pages 76, 77, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0008158762/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0008158762&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a0fffa35b3ea49a63404f6704e0df7cc ''Crude oil; formation, page 300, GCSE Chemistry; Student Book, Collins, AQA '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851362/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851362&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=7d78d70a2044ee9982dae010c94af92a ''Crude oil; Fractional distillation of, pages 144-5, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 2, Hodder, AQA  '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851346/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851346&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3ac654f4b0da781c49c855a1af4c92ea ''Crude oil; fractional distillation of, pages 173-4, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA '']
 +
 
 +
====Edexcel====
 +
 
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120215/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120215&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=8f96ddb76196848bafdb124354e4cf77 ''Crude oil, page 150, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120193/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120193&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=572df39392fb4200db8391d98ae6314e ''Crude oil, page 264, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945741/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945741&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=30da4f2178da182547b62a7329d13b57 ''Crude oil, pages 137, 138, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948147/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948147&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=f63dcd8345f4e49c717b39a228a36c7c ''Crude oil, pages 253, 254, 256, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, Edexcel  '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945725/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945725&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=694be7494de75af3349537d34e13f7f0 ''Crude oil, pages 87, 88, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120215/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120215&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=8f96ddb76196848bafdb124354e4cf77 ''Crude oil; fractional distillation, pages 152-153, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120193/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120193&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=572df39392fb4200db8391d98ae6314e ''Crude oil; fractional distillation, pages 266-267, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel '']
  
−
===About Crude Oil===
+
====OCR====
−
: '''Crude oil''' is a [[mixture]] of different [[hydrocarbon]]s
+
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945695/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945695&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ceafcc80bcad6b6754ee97a0c7ceea53 ''Crude oil, pages 141-143, Gateway GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR  '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359829/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359829&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=90e8d7b4f039d53035238fa0320fe00b ''Crude oil, pages 238-241, Gateway GCSE Chemistry, Oxford, OCR  '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945679/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945679&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a2db42f7b4bdf10cafaafa3bb9120940 ''Crude oil, pages 92-94, Gateway GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR '']

Latest revision as of 01:08, 4 December 2019

Key Stage 3

Meaning

Crude Oil is a Fossil Fuel formed from the remains of dead sea creatures trapped in the sediment at the bottom of the sea.

About Crude Oil

Crude Oil is a non-renewable energy resource.
Crude Oil has energy in its chemical potential energy store which can be transferred into a thermal energy store by combustion.

Key Stage 4

Meaning

Crude oil is a mixture of different hydrocarbons, mostly alkanes, formed in an anoxic environment over millions of years from the remains of dead sea creatures trapped in the sediment at the bottom of the sea.

About Crude Oil

Crude oil is known as a Fossil Fuel.
Crude oil is a non-renewable energy resource so once it is used it cannot be replaced within our lifetime.
Modern technology relies heavily on crude oil as both a fuel and a feedstock for producing plastics.

Crude oil can be separated by fractional distillation into different 'fractions' which have different applications:

Crude Oil Fraction Applications
Fraction Carbon Chain Length Boiling Point (°C) Application
Natural Gas 1-2 -160 to -89 Fuel for heating homes and gas power stations.
LPG 3-4 -42 to -1 Fuel for heating homes and gas power stations.
Petrol (Gasoline) 5-10 20 to 200 Fuel for cars and feedstock for plastic manufacture.
Kerosine 10-16 180 to 260 Fuel for Planes.
Diesel 14-20 260 to 340 Fuel for cars, trucks and trains.
Lubricating Oil 20-50 370 to 600 Lubrication for machines.
Bitumen 70+ Not distilled. Tar for roads.
Fractional Distillation Tower
FractionalDistillation.png
A diagram showing a fractional distillation tower.


Crude Oil Fraction Properties
Fraction Natural Gas LPG Petrol Kerosene Diesel Lubricating Oil Bitumen
Carbon Chain Length 1-2 3-4 5-10 10-16 14-20 20-50 70+
Boiling Point
ArrowBoilingPoint.png
Viscosity
ArrowViscosity.png
Flammability
ArrowFlammability.png
Volatility
ArrowVolatility.png


References

AQA

Crude oil, pages 142-3, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 2, Hodder, AQA
Crude oil, pages 147-149, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA
Crude oil, pages 148-157, 196, GCSE Chemistry; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA
Crude oil, pages 171-2, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA
Crude oil, pages 19, 226-33, 246, 337, GCSE Chemistry; Student Book, Collins, AQA
Crude oil, pages 191-195, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Chemistry, CGP, AQA
Crude oil, pages 223-227, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, AQA
Crude oil, pages 76, 77, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA
Crude oil; formation, page 300, GCSE Chemistry; Student Book, Collins, AQA
Crude oil; Fractional distillation of, pages 144-5, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 2, Hodder, AQA
Crude oil; fractional distillation of, pages 173-4, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA

Edexcel

Crude oil, page 150, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel
Crude oil, page 264, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel
Crude oil, pages 137, 138, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel
Crude oil, pages 253, 254, 256, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, Edexcel
Crude oil, pages 87, 88, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel
Crude oil; fractional distillation, pages 152-153, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel
Crude oil; fractional distillation, pages 266-267, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel

OCR

Crude oil, pages 141-143, Gateway GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR
Crude oil, pages 238-241, Gateway GCSE Chemistry, Oxford, OCR
Crude oil, pages 92-94, Gateway GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR
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