History Subject

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Contents

Understanding the Modern World

America, 1840-1895: Expansion and Consolidation

Expansion: Opportunities and Challenges

North America

• Geography
• Great American Desert
• Manifest Destiny

Going West

• Early American Settlers
• Mormons
  • The Mountain Meadows Massacre
• Journey
• Pioneer Migrant Farmers
• Miners

Plains Indians

• Culture and Way of Life
• Early Government Policy
• Permanent Indian Frontier
• Relationship with the Plains Indians

Conflict across America

Conflict on the Plains

• Fort Laramie Treaty
• Policy of Concentration
• The Indian Wars
  • Causes
  • Consequences
• Sand Creek Massacre
• Fetterman’s Trap

American Civil War

• Differences between North and South
• Slavery
• Westwards Expansion
• Free States Abolitionism
• Missouri Compromise
• John Brown
• Abraham Lincoln
• Jefferson Davis
• Social impact of the Civil War
• Economic impact of the Civil War

Aftermath of the Civil War

• 13th Amendment
• Civil Rights Act
• Rebuilding the South
• 1866-1877
• Carpetbaggers
• Federal and State Powers

Settlement of the West

• The Homesteaders
• Why West?
• Government Actions and Laws
• Land and Railroads
• Farming Problems
  • Farming Solutions

The Resolution of the ‘Indian Problem’

• The Small Reservations Policy
• Attitudes towards Native Americans
• Battle of the Little Big Horn
• The Dawes Act
• Battle of Wounded Knee
• The Closing of the Frontier
  • The Impact on Native Americans

Germany, 1890-1945: Democracy and dictatorship

Germany and the Growth of Democracy

Ruling Germany

• Germany
• Kaiser Wilhelm II
• Difficulties in Ruling Germany
• Rise of Parliamentary Government
• Influence of Prussian Militarism
• Industrialisation in Germany
• Social Reform
  • The Growth of Socialism
• Navy Laws

WWI

• War Weariness
• Economic Problems caused by WWI
• Defeat in WWI
• The End of German Monarchy
• The Crisis of 1923
  • Reparations
  • The Occupation of the Ruhr
  • Hyperinflation

Weimar Democracy

• Political Change and Unrest in Germany, 1919-1923
  • Spartacists
  • Kapp Putsch
  • Munich Putsch
• Economic Recovery and Developments under Stresemann
• Gustav Stresemann
  • Reichsmark
  • Dawes Plan
  • Young Plan
  • International Impact
• Weimar Culture

Germany and the Depression

• Great Depression
• Adolf Hitler
• National Socialism
• Rise of Extremism in Germany
  • Right-Wing Extremism
  • Rise of the National Socialists
    • Role of the SA
• Hitler’s Appeal to the Masses

The Failure of Weimar Democracy

• Election Results
• Franz von Papen
• President Hindenburg
• Hitler becomes Chancellor

Establishing Hitler’s Dictatorship

• Reichstag Fire
• Enabling Act
• Elimination of Political Opposition
• Trade Unions in Germany
• Ernst Rohm
• Night of the Long Knives
• Führer

The Experiences of Germans under the Nazis

Economic Changes under the Nazis

• Economic Benefits
• Economic Drawbacks
• Employment under the Nazis
  • Public Works Programmes
• Rearmament
• Self-Sufficiency
• Economy during the War

The Impact of War on the German People

• Bombing
• Rationing
• Labour Shortages
• Refugees

Social Policy under the Nazis

• Joseph Goebbels
• Nazi Propaganda
• Censorship under the Nazis
• Nazi Culture
• Repression and the Police State
• Heinrich Himmler
• SS
• Gestapo

Opposition to the Nazis

• White Rose Group
• Swing Youth
• Edelweiss Pirates
• Stauffenberg Plot

Russia, 1894-1945: Tsardom and Communism

The End of Tsardom

Russian Economy and Society

• Russia
• Tsardom
• Absolutism
• Russian Industrialisation
• Living and Working in Russia

Nicholas II

• Autocracy in Russia
• Nicholas’ Court

Revolutionary Tensions in Russia

• Revolution
• Growth of Revolutionary Tensions
• 1905 Russian Revolution
• October Manifesto
• Attempts to reform Russia
• Dumas
• Pyotr Stolypin
  • Stolypin’s Policies

WWI

• Impact of WWI on Tsarist Government
• Social Effects of WWI in Russia
• Economic Effects of WWI in Russia
• Unpopularity of the Romanovs
  • Rasputin
• Abdication of Nicholas I

Lenin’s New Society

The Provisional Government

• Communism
  • Karl Marx
• Bolshevism
• Failure to deal with Russia’s problems
  • Social
  • Economic
  • Military
• Leon Trotsky
• Vladimir Lenin
• Rise of the Bolsheviks
• October Revolution

Lenin’s Dictatorship

• Dictatorship
• USSR
• End of WWI
• Cheka
• Red Army
• Russian Civil War
  • Causes
  • Events
  • Consequences
• Bolshevik Propaganda

Social and Economic Developments under Bolshevism

• War Communism
• Kronstadt Rising
• New Economic Policy
• Achievements of Lenin and Trostsky

Stalin’s USSR

Joseph Stalin

• Lenin’s Succession
• Communist Control of Government
• Red Terror
• The Purges
• Stalin’s Army
• Stalin’s Secret Police
• Labour Camps under Stalin
• Censorship under Stalin
• Stalin’s Cult of Personality
• Propaganda under Stalin

Stalin’s Modernisation of the USSR

• Collectivisation
• Five Year Plans
• Kulaks
  • Social and Economic Consequences for Kulaks
• Society under Stalin
  • City Dwellers under Stalin
  • Women under Stalin
  • Workers under Stalin
• Results of Modernisation

Impact of WWII on USSR

• Stalin’s Wartime Leadership
• Great Patriotic War
• Problems caused by WWII in Russia
  • Economic Effects of WWII in Russia
  • Social Effects of WWII in Russia
  • Political Effects of WWII in Russia

America,1920-1973: Opportunity and Inequality

American People and ‘The Boom’

The ‘Boom’

• Stock Market
  • Wall Street
• Benefits of the ‘Boom’
• Advertising and Consumer Society in 1920s America
• Hire Purchase
• Mass Production
  • Ford and the Motor Industry
• Wealth Inequality
  • Wealth Inequality in 1920s America
• Republican Government Policies, 1920s
  • Republican Party
• Stock Market Boom

Social and Cultural Developments in 1920s America

• Entertainment in 1920s America
  • Cinema
  • Jazz
• Women in 1920s American Society
  • Flappers
• Organised Crime
• Prohibition
  • Impact of Prohibition on Society
• Racism in 1920s America
  • Causes of Racism in 1920s America
  • Klu Klux Klan (KKK)
• Immigrants in 1920s America
  • Impacts of Immigrants on American Society
• Red Scare
  • Sacco and Vanzetti Case

Bust - American’s Experiences of the Depression and New Deal

American Society during the Great Depression

• Unemployment during the Great Depression
• Farming during the Great Depression
• Businessmen during the Great Depression
• Herbert Hoover
  • Hoover’s Responses
  • Hoover’s Unpopularity
• Franklin D. Roosevelt
  • Roosevelt’s Election
• New Deal
  • Effects of the New Deal on Society
  • Successes of the New Deal
  • Limitations of the New Deal
  • Opposition to the New Deal from Supreme Court
    • Supreme Court
• Republicans
  • Radical Politicians
• Roosevelt as President
• Pop Culture in Pre-War America

Impact of WWII

• WWII
• Impacts of WWII on America
• America’s Economic Recovery
• Lend Lease
• Exports in Post-War America
• Social Developments in Post-War America
  • Experiences of African-Americans in Post-War America
  • Experiences of Women in Post-War America

Post-War America

Post-War American Society and Economy

• Consumerism
• Causes of Prosperity in Post-War America
• The American Dream
• McCarthyism
• Popular Culture in Post-War America
  • Rock and Roll Music
  • Television

Civil Rights Movement

• Segregation Laws
• Martin Luther King
• Peaceful Protest
• Malcolm X
• Black Power Movement
• Civil Rights Act 1964
• Civil Rights Act 1968

America and the ‘Great Society’

• John F. Kennedy
  • Kennedy’s Social Policies
• Lyndon B. Johnson
  • Johnson’s Social Policies
• Feminism in 1960s and ‘70s America
  • Fight for Equal Pay in 1960s and ‘70s America
  • National Organisation for Women
  • Roe v Wade (1973)
  • Supreme Court Ruling on Equal Rights (1972)
  • Opposition to Equal Rights Amendment

Conflict and Tension: the First World War, 1894-1918

The Causes of the First World War

The Alliance System

• WWI
• The Triple Alliance
  • Germany
  • Austria-Hungary
  • Italy
• Franco-Russian Alliance
  • France
  • Russia
• Relations between the ‘Entente’ powers
  • Entente
• Moroccan Crises (1905 and 1911)
  • Moroccan Crises Effect on International Relations
• Crisis in the Balkans (1908-1909)
  • Balkan Crisis Effect on International Relations

Anglo-German Rivalry

• • Great Britian
• Splendid Isolation
  • Challenges to Splendid Isolation
• Kaiser Wilhelm’s Foreign Policy
  • Weltpolitik
• Colonial Tensions between Britain and Germany
• European Rearmament pre-WWI
  • Anglo-German Naval Race

Outbreak of WWI

• Slav Nationalism
• Serbia
  • Relations between Serbia and Austria-Hungary
• Archduke Franz Ferdinand
  • The Assassination of Franz Ferdinand
• July Crisis
• Schlieffen Plan
• Why WWI broke out
• How WWI went from Tension to War

WWI: Stalemate

Schlieffen Plan

• Reasons for the Schlieffen Plan
• Failure of the Schlieffen Plan
  • Battle of the Marne

The Western Front

• WWI Military Tactics and Technology
  • Trench Warfare
• War of Attrition
• Key Battle of WWI
  • Verdun
  • The Somme
  • Passchendaele

WWI on a Wider Scale

• Other Fronts to WWI
• Gallipoli
• WWI at Sea
  • Jutland
  • U-Boat Campaign

Ending WWI

• Changes in the Allied Forces during WWI
• October Revolution
  • Withdrawal of Russia from WWI
• Entry of the USA into WWI

Military Developments in 1918

• How Military Developments helped Defeat Germany in 1918
• Evolution of Military Tactics and Technology through WWI
• Ludendorff
• German Spring Offensive
• Allied Advance during The Hundred Days

Germany Surrenders

• Impact of the Blockade
• Abdication of the Kaiser
  • Kaiser Wilhelm II
• Armistice
• Field Marshall Douglas Haig
• Ferdinand Foch

Conflict and Tension: The Inter-War Years, 1918-1939

Peacemaking

Armistice

• Aims of the Peacemakers
• Woodrow Wilson
  • Fourteen Points
• Georges Clemenceau
• David Lloyd George
• Success of the Peacemakers

Treaty of Versailles

• Diktat
• Changes in Territory post-WWI
• Military Restrictions post-WWI
• War Guilt
• Reparations
  • WWI Reparations

The League of Nations

• League of Nations
  • Formation of the League of Nations
  • Organisation of the League of Nations
  • Membership of the League of Nations
  • Powers of the League of Nations
  • Agencies of the League of Nations
  • Contributions of the League of Nations to Peace in the 1920s
    • Aaland Islands
    • Upper Silesia
    • Vilna
    • Corfu
    • Bulgaria
• Locarno Treaties
• Kellogg-Briand Pact

The Collapse of the League of Nations

• Great Depression
  • Effects of the Great Depression on the League of Nations
• Manchurian Crisis
  • Manchuria
• Abyssinian Crisis
  • Abyssinia
• Failure of the League of Nations to stop WWII

Origins and Outbreak of the Second World War

Development of Tension pre-WWII

• WWII
• Adolf Hitler
  • Hitler’s Aims
  • Allied Reaction to Hitler
• Dolfuss Affair
• Saar
• German Rearmament
  • German Conscription pre-WWII
• Stresa Front
• Anglo-German Naval Agreement

Escalation of Tension Pre-WWII

• Remilitarisation of the Rhineland
• Benito Mussolini
• Axis Forces
• Anti-Comintern Pact
• Anschluss
• Appeasement
• Sudetenland Crisis
• End of Appeasement

The Outbreak of World War II

• Occupation of Czechoslovakia
  • Czechoslovakia
• Role of the USSR in WWII
  • USSR
  • Nazi-Soviet Pact
• Invasion of Poland
• Outbreak of WWII
• September 1939
• Causes of WWII
  • Adolf Hitler
  • Joseph Stalin
  • Neville Chamberlain

Conflict and Tension between East and West, 1945-1971

The Origins of the Cold War

End of WWII

• Yalta Conference
• Potsdam Conference
• Division of Germany
• Capitalism
• Communism
• USA
• USSR
• Joseph Stalin
• Winston Churchill
• Franklin D. Roosevelt
• Clement Attlee
  • 1945 UK General Election
• Harry Truman
• Nuclear Bombs
  • Atom Bomb
  • Dropping the H-Bomb

Iron Curtain

• Soviet Expansion in Eastern Europe
• US Policy against the Soviets
  • Truman Doctrine
  • Containment
  • Marshall Plan
• Stalin's reaction to US Policy
• Cominform
• Comecon
• Yugoslavia
• Berlin Blockade
• Berlin Airlift

Development of the Cold War

• Importance of Asia in the Cold War
• China
  • Mao Tse-Tung