History Subject

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Contents

Understanding the Modern World

America, 1840-1895: Expansion and Consolidation

Expansion: Opportunities and Challenges

North America

• Geography
• Great American Desert
• Manifest Destiny

Going West

• Early American Settlers
• Mormons
  • The Mountain Meadows Massacre
• Journey
• Pioneer Migrant Farmers
• Miners

Plains Indians

• Culture and Way of Life
• Early Government Policy
• Permanent Indian Frontier
• Relationship with the Plains Indians

Conflict across America

Conflict on the Plains

• Fort Laramie Treaty
• Policy of Concentration
• The Indian Wars
  • Causes
  • Consequences
• Sand Creek Massacre
• Fetterman’s Trap

American Civil War

• Differences between North and South
• Slavery
• Westwards Expansion
• Free States Abolitionism
• Missouri Compromise
• John Brown
• Abraham Lincoln
• Jefferson Davis
• Social impact of the Civil War
• Economic impact of the Civil War

Aftermath of the Civil War

• 13th Amendment
• Civil Rights Act
• Rebuilding the South
• 1866-1877
• Carpetbaggers
• Federal and State Powers

Settlement of the West

• The Homesteaders
• Why West?
• Government Actions and Laws
• Land and Railroads
• Farming Problems
  • Farming Solutions

The Resolution of the ‘Indian Problem’

• The Small Reservations Policy
• Attitudes towards Native Americans
• Battle of the Little Big Horn
• The Dawes Act
• Battle of Wounded Knee
• The Closing of the Frontier
  • The Impact on Native Americans

Germany, 1890-1945: Democracy and dictatorship

Germany and the Growth of Democracy

Ruling Germany

• Germany
• Kaiser Wilhelm II
• Difficulties in Ruling Germany
• Rise of Parliamentary Government
• Influence of Prussian Militarism
• Industrialisation in Germany
• Social Reform
  • The Growth of Socialism
• Navy Laws

WWI

• War Weariness
• Economic Problems caused by WWI
• Defeat in WWI
• The End of German Monarchy
• The Crisis of 1923
  • Reparations
  • The Occupation of the Ruhr
  • Hyperinflation

Weimar Democracy

• Political Change and Unrest in Germany, 1919-1923
  • Spartacists
  • Kapp Putsch
  • Munich Putsch
• Economic Recovery and Developments under Stresemann
• Gustav Stresemann
  • Reichsmark
  • Dawes Plan
  • Young Plan
  • International Impact
• Weimar Culture

Germany and the Depression

• Great Depression
• Adolf Hitler
• National Socialism
• Rise of Extremism in Germany
  • Right-Wing Extremism
  • Rise of the National Socialists
    • Role of the SA
• Hitler’s Appeal to the Masses

The Failure of Weimar Democracy

• Election Results
• Franz von Papen
• President Hindenburg
• Hitler becomes Chancellor

Establishing Hitler’s Dictatorship

• Reichstag Fire
• Enabling Act
• Elimination of Political Opposition
• Trade Unions in Germany
• Ernst Rohm
• Night of the Long Knives
• Führer

The Experiences of Germans under the Nazis

Economic Changes under the Nazis

• Economic Benefits
• Economic Drawbacks
• Employment under the Nazis
  • Public Works Programmes
• Rearmament
• Self-Sufficiency
• Economy during the War

The Impact of War on the German People

• Bombing
• Rationing
• Labour Shortages
• Refugees

Social Policy under the Nazis

• Joseph Goebbels
• Nazi Propaganda
• Censorship under the Nazis
• Nazi Culture
• Repression and the Police State
• Heinrich Himmler
• SS
• Gestapo

Opposition to the Nazis

• White Rose Group
• Swing Youth
• Edelweiss Pirates
• Stauffenberg Plot

Russia, 1894-1945: Tsardom and Communism

The End of Tsardom

Russian Economy and Society

• Russia
• Tsardom
• Absolutism
• Russian Industrialisation
• Living and Working in Russia

Nicholas II

• Autocracy in Russia
• Nicholas’ Court

Revolutionary Tensions in Russia

• Revolution
• Growth of Revolutionary Tensions
• 1905 Russian Revolution
• October Manifesto
• Attempts to reform Russia
• Dumas
• Pyotr Stolypin
  • Stolypin’s Policies

WWI

• Impact of WWI on Tsarist Government
• Social Effects of WWI in Russia
• Economic Effects of WWI in Russia
• Unpopularity of the Romanovs
  • Rasputin
• Abdication of Nicholas I

Lenin’s New Society

The Provisional Government

• Communism
  • Karl Marx
• Bolshevism
• Failure to deal with Russia’s problems
  • Social
  • Economic
  • Military
• Leon Trotsky
• Vladimir Lenin
• Rise of the Bolsheviks
• October Revolution

Lenin’s Dictatorship

• Dictatorship
• USSR
• End of WWI
• Cheka
• Red Army
• Russian Civil War
  • Causes
  • Events
  • Consequences
• Bolshevik Propaganda

Social and Economic Developments under Bolshevism

• War Communism
• Kronstadt Rising
• New Economic Policy
• Achievements of Lenin and Trostsky

Stalin’s USSR

Joseph Stalin

• Lenin’s Succession
• Communist Control of Government
• Red Terror
• The Purges
• Stalin’s Army
• Stalin’s Secret Police
• Labour Camps under Stalin
• Censorship under Stalin
• Stalin’s Cult of Personality
• Propaganda under Stalin

Stalin’s Modernisation of the USSR

• Collectivisation
• Five Year Plans
• Kulaks
  • Social and Economic Consequences for Kulaks
• Society under Stalin
  • City Dwellers under Stalin
  • Women under Stalin
  • Workers under Stalin
• Results of Modernisation

Impact of WWII on USSR

• Stalin’s Wartime Leadership
• Great Patriotic War
• Problems caused by WWII in Russia
  • Economic Effects of WWII in Russia
  • Social Effects of WWII in Russia
  • Political Effects of WWII in Russia

America,1920-1973: Opportunity and Inequality

American People and ‘The Boom’

The ‘Boom’

• Stock Market
  • Wall Street
• Benefits of the ‘Boom’
• Advertising and Consumer Society in 1920s America
• Hire Purchase
• Mass Production
  • Ford and the Motor Industry
• Wealth Inequality
  • Wealth Inequality in 1920s America
• Republican Government Policies, 1920s
  • Republican Party
• Stock Market Boom

Social and Cultural Developments in 1920s America

• Entertainment in 1920s America
  • Cinema
  • Jazz
• Women in 1920s American Society
  • Flappers
• Organised Crime
• Prohibition
  • Impact of Prohibition on Society
• Racism in 1920s America
  • Causes of Racism in 1920s America
  • Klu Klux Klan (KKK)
• Immigrants in 1920s America
  • Impacts of Immigrants on American Society
• Red Scare
  • Sacco and Vanzetti Case

Bust - American’s Experiences of the Depression and New Deal

American Society during the Great Depression

• Unemployment during the Great Depression
• Farming during the Great Depression
• Businessmen during the Great Depression
• Herbert Hoover
  • Hoover’s Responses
  • Hoover’s Unpopularity
• Franklin D. Roosevelt
  • Roosevelt’s Election
• New Deal
  • Effects of the New Deal on Society
  • Successes of the New Deal
  • Limitations of the New Deal
  • Opposition to the New Deal from Supreme Court
    • Supreme Court
• Republicans
  • Radical Politicians
• Roosevelt as President
• Pop Culture in Pre-War America

Impact of WWII

• WWII
• Impacts of WWII on America
• America’s Economic Recovery
• Lend Lease
• Exports in Post-War America
• Social Developments in Post-War America
  • Experiences of African-Americans in Post-War America
  • Experiences of Women in Post-War America

Post-War America

Post-War American Society and Economy

• Consumerism
• Causes of Prosperity in Post-War America
• The American Dream
• McCarthyism
• Popular Culture in Post-War America
  • Rock and Roll Music
  • Television

Civil Rights Movement

• Segregation Laws
• Martin Luther King
• Peaceful Protest
• Malcolm X
• Black Power Movement
• Civil Rights Act 1964
• Civil Rights Act 1968

America and the ‘Great Society’

• John F. Kennedy
  • Kennedy’s Social Policies
• Lyndon B. Johnson
  • Johnson’s Social Policies
• Feminism in 1960s and ‘70s America
  • Fight for Equal Pay in 1960s and ‘70s America
  • National Organisation for Women
  • Roe v Wade (1973)
  • Supreme Court Ruling on Equal Rights (1972)
  • Opposition to Equal Rights Amendment

Conflict and Tension: the First World War, 1894-1918

The Causes of the First World War

The Alliance System

• WWI
• The Triple Alliance
  • Germany
  • Austria-Hungary
  • Italy
• Franco-Russian Alliance
  • France
  • Russia
• Relations between the ‘Entente’ powers
  • Entente
• Moroccan Crises (1905 and 1911)
  • Moroccan Crises Effect on International Relations
• Crisis in the Balkans (1908-1909)
  • Balkan Crisis Effect on International Relations

Anglo-German Rivalry

• • Great Britian
• Splendid Isolation
  • Challenges to Splendid Isolation
• Kaiser Wilhelm’s Foreign Policy
  • Weltpolitik
• Colonial Tensions between Britain and Germany
• European Rearmament pre-WWI
  • Anglo-German Naval Race

Outbreak of WWI

• Slav Nationalism
• Serbia
  • Relations between Serbia and Austria-Hungary
• Archduke Franz Ferdinand
  • The Assassination of Franz Ferdinand
• July Crisis
• Schlieffen Plan
• Why WWI broke out
• How WWI went from Tension to War

WWI: Stalemate

Schlieffen Plan

• Reasons for the Schlieffen Plan
• Failure of the Schlieffen Plan
  • Battle of the Marne

The Western Front

• WWI Military Tactics and Technology
  • Trench Warfare
• War of Attrition
• Key Battle of WWI
  • Verdun
  • The Somme
  • Passchendaele

WWI on a Wider Scale

• Other Fronts to WWI
• Gallipoli
• WWI at Sea
  • Jutland
  • U-Boat Campaign

Ending WWI

• Changes in the Allied Forces during WWI
• October Revolution
  • Withdrawal of Russia from WWI
• Entry of the USA into WWI

Military Developments in 1918

• How Military Developments helped Defeat Germany in 1918
• Evolution of Military Tactics and Technology through WWI
• Ludendorff
• German Spring Offensive
• Allied Advance during The Hundred Days

Germany Surrenders

• Impact of the Blockade
• Abdication of the Kaiser
  • Kaiser Wilhelm II
• Armistice
• Field Marshall Douglas Haig
• Ferdinand Foch

Conflict and Tension: The Inter-War Years, 1918-1939

Peacemaking

Armistice

• Aims of the Peacemakers
• Woodrow Wilson
  • Fourteen Points
• Georges Clemenceau
• David Lloyd George
• Success of the Peacemakers

Treaty of Versailles

• Diktat
• Changes in Territory post-WWI
• Military Restrictions post-WWI
• War Guilt
• Reparations
  • WWI Reparations

The League of Nations

• League of Nations
  • Formation of the League of Nations
  • Organisation of the League of Nations
  • Membership of the League of Nations
  • Powers of the League of Nations
  • Agencies of the League of Nations
  • Contributions of the League of Nations to Peace in the 1920s
    • Aaland Islands
    • Upper Silesia
    • Vilna
    • Corfu
    • Bulgaria
• Locarno Treaties
• Kellogg-Briand Pact

The Collapse of the League of Nations

• Great Depression
  • Effects of the Great Depression on the League of Nations
• Manchurian Crisis
  • Manchuria
• Abyssinian Crisis
  • Abyssinia
• Failure of the League of Nations to stop WWII

Origins and Outbreak of the Second World War

Development of Tension pre-WWII

• WWII
• Adolf Hitler
  • Hitler’s Aims
  • Allied Reaction to Hitler
• Dolfuss Affair
• Saar
• German Rearmament
  • German Conscription pre-WWII
• Stresa Front
• Anglo-German Naval Agreement

Escalation of Tension Pre-WWII

• Remilitarisation of the Rhineland
• Benito Mussolini
• Axis Forces
• Anti-Comintern Pact
• Anschluss
• Appeasement
• Sudetenland Crisis
• End of Appeasement

The Outbreak of World War II

• Occupation of Czechoslovakia
  • Czechoslovakia
• Role of the USSR in WWII
  • USSR
  • Nazi-Soviet Pact
• Invasion of Poland
• Outbreak of WWII
• September 1939
• Causes of WWII
  • Adolf Hitler
  • Joseph Stalin
  • Neville Chamberlain

Conflict and Tension between East and West, 1945-1971

The Origins of the Cold War

End of WWII

• Cold War
• Superpower
• Yalta Conference
• Potsdam Conference
• Division of Germany
• Capitalism
• Communism
• USA
• USSR
• Joseph Stalin
• Winston Churchill
• Franklin D. Roosevelt
• Clement Attlee
  • 1945 UK General Election
• Harry Truman
• Nuclear Bombs
  • Atom Bomb
  • Dropping the H-Bomb

Iron Curtain

• Soviet Expansion in Eastern Europe
• US Policy against the Soviets
  • Truman Doctrine
  • Containment
  • Marshall Plan
• Stalin's reaction to US Policy
• Cominform
• Comecon
• Yugoslavia
• Berlin Blockade
• Berlin Airlift

Development of the Cold War

• Importance of Asia in the Cold War
• China
  • Mao Tse-Tung
  • Communist Revolution in China
• Korean War
  • Proxy War
• Vietnam War

Cold War Military Rivalries

• Arms Race
• NATO
• Warsaw Pact
• Space Race
  • Sputnik
  • ICBMs
  • Polaris
  • Yuri Gagarin
  • Apollo

The 'Thaw

• Hungary
  • Hungarian Uprising
• Imre Nagy
• U2 Crisis
• Paris Peace Summit

Transformation of the Cold War

• Berlin Wall
• Cuba
  • Cuban Missile Crisis
• Fidel Castro
• Bay of Pigs Invasion
• Nikita Khrushchev
• John F. Kennedy
• Czechoslovakia
  • Alexander Dubcek
  • Prague Spring
  • USSR response to Czech reforms
• Brezhnev Doctrine
  • Leonid Brezhnev

Easing of Cold War Tension

• Sources of Tension in Cold War
• Detente
• SALT I
• Richard Nixon

Conflict and Tension in Asia,1950-1975

Conflict in Korea

Causes of the Korean War

• Korea
• Nationalism
  • Nationalism in Korea
• USA
• China
  • US Relations with China
• Division of Korea
• Kim Il Sung
• Syngman Rhee
• Invasion of South Korea, 1950
• USSR absence from UN

Development of the Korean War

• UN
• UN Campaign in North Korea
• UN Campaign in South Korea
• Inchon Landings
• Recapture of South Korea
• UN Advance into North Korea
• Chinese Intervention in Korean War
• General MacArthur

End of Korean War

• 38th Parallel
  • Stalemate at the 38th Parallel
• Armistice in Korea
• Impact of the Korean War in Korea
• UN and Sino-American Relations post-Korean War

Conflict in Vietnam

• Vietnam
• French Colonial Rule in Vietnam
  • Ending of French Colonial Rule in Vietnam
• Dien Bien Phu
  • Opposition to Dien Bien Phu
• Geneva Agreement, 1954
• Civil War in South Vietnam
• Vietcong
• Guerilla Warfare
• Ho Chi Minh

US Involvement in Vietnam

• Communism
• Capitalism
• Domino Theory
• Dwight D. Eisenhower
• John F. Kennedy
• Intervention in Vietnam under Eisenhower and Kennedy
• Strategic Hamlets Programme
• Johnson's War
  • Lyndon B. Johnson
• Gulf of Tonkin
• US Response to Vietcong Tactics
• Mass Bombing Campaign in Vietnam
• Demands for Peace in Vietnam
• Student Protests Against Vietnam War in USA
• My Lai
• Search and Destroy Tactics
• Tet Offensive

Ending the Vietnam War

• Richard Nixon
  • Nixon's War
• Vietnamisation
• Chemical Warfare
  • Chemical Warfare in Vietnam
• Bombing Campaign 1970-72, Vietnam
• US Relations with China during Vietnam War
• Expansion of Vietnam War into Laos and Cambodia

Opposition to Vietnam War

• Kent State University
• Importance of Media and TV in influencing Public Opinion during Vietnam War
• Watergate Affair

End of the Vietnam War

• Paris Peace Talks
• Henry Kissinger
• Shuttle Diplomacy
• Role of Kissinger in ending Vietnam War
• US Withdrawal from Vietnam
• Fall of Saigon
• Problems in Vietnam in 1975

Conflict and Tension in the Gulf and Afghanistan, 1990-2009

Tensions in the Gulf

• Persian Gulf
• Iran
• Iraq
• Iran-Iraq War
• USA
• Russia
• International Interests in Iran and Iraq
  • Arab Oil
• Israel
• Palestine
• Contribution of Israeli-Palestinian Conflict to Tension in the Gulf

Gulf War, 1990

• Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait
• George H.W. Bush
• Margaret Thatcher
• Role of Bush and Thatcher in First Gulf War
• UN Campaign against Saddam Hussein
  • UN
  • Saddam Hussein
• Consequences of the First Gulf War
• US Influence in the Gulf

War on Al-Qaeda

• Al-Qaeda
• Osama bin Laden
• 11 September Attacks
• Afghanistan
  • Afghanistan as a Rogue State
• Taliban
  • Resurgence of the Taliban
  • Western Attitudes to the Taliban
  • Muslim Attitudes to the Taliban
• Problems faced by Ethnic Groups in Afghanistan

War on Terror

• George W. Bush
  • Bush's Aims in the War on Terror
• Tony Blair
• 2001 US/UK Operation in Afghanistan
• Overthrow and Collapse of the Taliban
• UN Peace Conference
• Hamid Karzai
  • Problems with Karzai's Government

Iraq War

• Saddam Hussein's Regime
  • Treatment of Kurds and Shia Muslims under Saddam
• International Attitudes to Saddam Hussein
• Kurds
• Islam
• Iraq's links to Al-Qaeda
• Iraq's Reputation as a Rogue State
• Religious Divisions in Iraq
• Role of the UN in Iraq War

2003 Invasion of Iraq

• International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
  • IAEA Inspectors in Iraq
• Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)
  • WMD in Iraq
• Military Campaign in Iraq
• Western Interests in Iraq
• Downfall of Saddam Hussein

Impact of the Iraq War

• Impact of the Iraq War on the Iraqi People
• Insurgency in Iraq
• Elections after the Iraq War
• National Assembly
• Global Terrorism
  • Anti-US Terrorism
  • Anti-UK Terrorism
• 2007 US Troop Surge
• Iraq's Stability at the end of Bush's Presidency

Medicine and Health in Britain: c1000 to the Present Day

Medieval Medicine in England

• England
• Medieval
• Medicine
• Beliefs on Causes of Medieval Illnesses
  • Theory of the Four Humours
  • Misma Theory
  • Hippocratic Medicine
  • Galeanic Medicine
• Different Approaches in Medieval Medicine
• Medieval Doctors
  • Training of Medieval Doctors

Progress in Medieval Medicine

• Christianity
  • Christianity and Medieval Medicine
• Medieval Hospitals
• Islam
  • Importance of Islamic Medicine in Medieval Times
• Medieval Surgery
  • Medieval Surgical Theory
  • Medieval Hospital Care
• Progress in Medieval Medicine

Public Health in the Middle Ages

• Towns and Monasteries in the Middle Ages
• Black Death
  • Beliefs about Causes of the Black Death
  • Beliefs about Treament and Prevention of the Black Death

The Beginnings of Change in Medicine

Medical Renaissance in Britain

• Renaissance
• Continuity in Medical Renaissance Britain
• Thomas Sydenham
• Challenges to Medical Authority in Anatomy, Physiology and Surgery
• Vesalius
• Pare
• William Harvey
• Opposition to Change in Renaissance Medicine
• Traditional Methods of Treatment in Renaissance Medicine
• New Methods of Treatment in Renaissance Medicine
• Quackery
• Plague
• Growth of Hospitals in Renaissance Britain
• Changes to the Training of Surgeons in Renaissance Britain
• John Hunter
• Innoculation
• Edward Jenner
• Vaccination
• Opposition to Vaccination and Innoculation

A Revolution in Medicine

• Germ Theory
• Louis Pasteur
  • Pasteur and Vaccination
• Robert Koch
  • Microbe Hunting
• Paul Ehrlich
  • Magic Bullets
• Everyday Medical Treatments and Remedies in 19th Century

Surgical Revolution

• Anaesthetics
• Simpson
• Chloroform
• Antiseptics
• Joseph Lister
• Carbolic Acid
• Aseptic Surgery
• Surgical Procedures in the 19th Century
• Public Health Problems in Industrial Britain
• Cholera Epidemics
• Role of Public Health Reformers
• Local and National Government Involvement in Public Health Improvement in Industrial Britain
  • 1848 Public Health Act
  • 1875 Public Health Act

Modern Medicine

• Modern Treatment of Disease
• Development of the Pharmaceutical Industry
• Penicillin
  • Alexander Fleming
  • Development of Penicillin
• Modern New Diseases and Treatments
• Antibiotic Resistance
• Alternative Modern Medicine

Impact of War and Technology on Surgery

• Plastic Surgery
• Blood Transfusions
• X-Rays
• Transplant Surgery
• Modern Surgical Methods
  • Laser Surgery
  • Radiation Therapy
  • Keyhole Surgery

Modern Public Health

• Booth
• Rowntree
• Boer War
  • Importance of Boer War in Modern Medicine
• Liberal Social Reforms in early 20th Century Britain
• Impact of Two World Wars on Public Health, Poverty and Housing
  • World War One
  • World War Two
• Welfare State
  • Beveridge Report
• Creation of the National Health Service
  • National Health Service
• Costs, Choices and Issues of Healthcare in 21st Century

Britain: Power and the People: c1170 to the Present Day

• Government
• Economy
• Equality
• Demoncracy
• Political Representation

Challenging Authority and Feudalism

• Feudalism
  • Social Structure in Medieval Britain
• Authority in Medieval Britain
• King John
  • Baron's Dissatisfaction with King John
  • Magna Carta

Origins of Parliament

• Henry III
• Issues between Henry III and the Barons
• Simon de Montfort
• Provisions of Oxford
• Parliament of 1265
• Peasants Revolt

Challenging Royal Authority in Middle Age Britain

• Pilgrimage of Grace
• [[Henry VIII]
• Divine Right of Kings
• Parliamentary Authority
• English Revolution
  • New Model Army
  • English Civil War
• Political Radicalism
  • Development of Political Radicalism during the English Civil War
• Charles I
  • Execution of Charles I
• Oliver Cromwell
• Commonwealth
• American Revolution
  • Causes of the American Revolution

Reform and Reformers in 19th Century Britain

• Protests for Political Change in early 19th Century Britain
• Great Reform Act 1832
• Chartism
• Campaigning Groups in 19th Century Britain
  • Anti-Slavery Movement in Britain
  • Anti-Corn Law League
• Factory Reformers in 19th Century Britain
• Social Reformers in 19th Century Britain

Workers Movements in 19th Century Britain

• Trade Unionism
  • Grand National Consolidation Trades Union
• Tolpuddle Martyrs
• New Model Unions
  • New Unionism
    • Match Girls'

Equality and Rights in Modern Britain

• Women's Rights Movement
• Women's Suffrage
  • Women's Suffrage Campaign
  • Suffragettes
  • Individuals in the Women's Suffrage Campaign
    • Emmeline Pankhurst
• Progress in Women's Rights post-1950

Worker's Rights in Modern Britain

• General Strike (1926)
• Trade Union Reform in the Late 20th Century
  • Margaret Thatcher

Minority Rights in Post-World War Two Britain

• Racism
• Multi-Racial Society in Post-War Britain
  • Brixton Riots
  • Scarman Report

Britain: Migration, Empires and the People: c790 to the Present Day

• Government
• Imperialism
  • Social Darwinism

Conquered and Conquerors in Early Medieval England

• Vikings
  • Early Viking Invasions of Englanf
• Anglo-Saxons
• Danelaw
• Alfred and Wessex
• King Cnut
• Emma of Normandy
• North Sea Empire
• Norman Kingdom in Britain
• Angevin Empire
• Henry II
• Relationship between Britain and France during Norman Era
• Invasion of Ireland
• King John
  • Losses under King John

Origins of English Identity

• English Identity
• Hundred Years' War

Looking West in Middle Age Britain

• New World
• British Empire
• British Pirates
  • Sir Francis Drake
  • Sir Walter Raleigh
• Development of the Slave Trade
  • John Hawkins
• Impact of the Slave Trade on Britain
• Colonisation
  • British Colonisation of North America
  • Jamestown
• Native Americans
  • First British Contact with Native Americans
• Pilgrim Fathers
• Indentured Servants
• American War of Independence
  • Loss of American Colonies
• Huguenots
  • Huguenot Migration
• Highland Clearances
• Ulster Plantations

Expansion of British Empire

British Expansion in India

• India
• British Control of India
• East India Company
• Robert Clive
• Warren Hastings
• Indian Rebellion (1857)
• British India

British Expansion in Africa

• British Involvement in Africa
• Missionaries
  • [British Missionaries in Africa]]
• British Trade in Africa
• South Africa in the British Empire
• Egypt in the British Empire
• Scramble for Africa
• Cecil Rhodes
• Boer War
• British Imperial Propaganda

Migration to, from and within Britain

• Irish Migration to Britain, Empire
• Jewish Migration to Britain, Empire
• Migration to and from British Empire
  • Migration of Asians to Africa in British Empire
• Migration from Rural to Urban Settings in Imperial Britain

Britain in the 20th Century

• End of British Empire
• Impact of First and Second World Wars on British Empire
• Suez Crisis
• Nationalism
  • Nationalism in British India
    • Mahatma Gandhi
  • Nationalism in British Africa
    • Kwame Nkrumah
    • Jomo Kenyatta

Legacy of British Empire

• Windrush
• Claudia Jones
• Post-Empire Migration to Britain from Africa and Asia
  • Idi Amin
• Commonwealth
• Falklands War

Britain's Relationship with Europe in 20th Century

• Britain's Relationship with Europe post-WWII
• Cold War
  • End of the Cold War
• European Union
  • British Membership of European Union
• Migration between Europe and Britain

Norman England, c1066-c1100

The Normans: Conquest and Control

• Normans
• Causes of Norman Conquest
  • Edward the Confessor
• Claims to the British Throne in 1066
• Military Aspects of the Norman Conquest
  • Battle of Stamford Bridge
  • Battle of Hastings
• Anglo-Saxon Military Tactics in 1066
• Norman Military Tactics in 1066
• Military Innovations during Norman Conquest

Establishing Control after the Norman Conquest

• Harrying of the North
• Revolts against Norman Control, 1067-1075
• King William
• King William II

British Life under the Normans

• Feudalism
• Goverment
• Norman Government
  • Norman Patronage
• Anglo-Saxon and Norman Government Systems
• Aristocracy
  • Anglo-Saxon and Norman Society
• Military Service under Norman Rule
• Norman Justice and Legal System
• Domesday Book
• Anglo-Saxon and Norman Life
• Norman Forest Law

Norman Church and Monasticism

• Norman Church
• Anglo-Saxon Church before 1066
• Archbishop Lanfranc
  • Lanfranc's Reform of the English Church
• Norman Church Organisation in Britain
• Relations between the Church and State in Norman Britain
• William II
  • William II and the Church
• Wealth of the Church in Norman Britain
• British Relations with the Papacy in Norman Era
  • Papacy
• The Investiture Controversy
• Norman Monastic Reforms
• Norman Monastic Life
• Norman Education
• Latin
  • Latin Use in Norman Era