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Contents
History Key Stage 4
Understanding the Modern World
America, 1840-1895: Expansion and Consolidation
Expansion: Opportunities and Challenges
North America
Going West
Plains Indians
- Culture and Way of Life
- Early Government Policy
- Permanent Indian Frontier
- Relationship with the Plains Indians
Conflict across America
Conflict on the Plains
American Civil War
- Differences between North and South
- Slavery
- Westwards Expansion
- Free States Abolitionism
- Missouri Compromise
- John Brown
- Abraham Lincoln
- Jefferson Davis
- Social impact of the Civil War
- Economic impact of the Civil War
Aftermath of the Civil War
- 13th Amendment
- Civil Rights Act
- Rebuilding the South
- 1866-1877
- Carpetbaggers
- Federal and State Powers
Settlement of the West
The Resolution of the ‘Indian Problem’
Germany, 1890-1945: Democracy and dictatorship
Germany and the Growth of Democracy
Ruling Germany
- Germany
- Kaiser Wilhelm II
- Difficulties in Ruling Germany
- Rise of Parliamentary Government
- Influence of Prussian Militarism
- Industrialisation in Germany
- Social Reform
- Navy Laws
WWI
- War Weariness
- Economic Problems caused by WWI
- Defeat in WWI
- The End of German Monarchy
- The Crisis of 1923
Weimar Democracy
- Political Change and Unrest in Germany, 1919-1923
- Economic Recovery and Developments under Stresemann
- Gustav Stresemann
- Weimar Culture
Germany and the Depression
- Great Depression
- Adolf Hitler
- National Socialism
- Rise of Extremism in Germany
- Hitler’s Appeal to the Masses
The Failure of Weimar Democracy
Establishing Hitler’s Dictatorship
- Reichstag Fire
- Enabling Act
- Elimination of Political Opposition
- Trade Unions in Germany
- Ernst Rohm
- Night of the Long Knives
- Führer
The Experiences of Germans under the Nazis
Economic Changes under the Nazis
- Economic Benefits
- Economic Drawbacks
- Employment under the Nazis
- Rearmament
- Self-Sufficiency
- Economy during the War
The Impact of War on the German People
Social Policy under the Nazis
- Joseph Goebbels
- Nazi Propaganda
- Censorship under the Nazis
- Nazi Culture
- Repression and the Police State
- Heinrich Himmler
- SS
- Gestapo
Opposition to the Nazis
Russia, 1894-1945: Tsardom and Communism
The End of Tsardom
Russian Economy and Society
Nicholas II
Revolutionary Tensions in Russia
- Revolution
- Growth of Revolutionary Tensions
- 1905 Russian Revolution
- October Manifesto
- Attempts to reform Russia
- Dumas
- Pyotr Stolypin
WWI
- Impact of WWI on Tsarist Government
- Social Effects of WWI in Russia
- Economic Effects of WWI in Russia
- Unpopularity of the Romanovs
- Abdication of Nicholas I
Lenin’s New Society
The Provisional Government
- Communism
- Bolshevism
- Failure to deal with Russia’s problems
- Leon Trotsky
- Vladimir Lenin
- Rise of the Bolsheviks
- October Revolution
Lenin’s Dictatorship
Social and Economic Developments under Bolshevism
Stalin’s USSR
Joseph Stalin
- Lenin’s Succession
- Communist Control of Government
- Red Terror
- The Purges
- Stalin’s Army
- Stalin’s Secret Police
- Labour Camps under Stalin
- Censorship under Stalin
- Stalin’s Cult of Personality
- Propaganda under Stalin
Stalin’s Modernisation of the USSR
Impact of WWII on USSR
America,1920-1973: Opportunity and Inequality
American People and ‘The Boom’
The ‘Boom’
- Stock Market
- Benefits of the ‘Boom’
- Advertising and Consumer Society in 1920s America
- Hire Purchase
- Mass Production
- Wealth Inequality
- Republican Government Policies, 1920s
- Stock Market Boom
Social and Cultural Developments in 1920s America
- Entertainment in 1920s America
- Women in 1920s American Society
- Organised Crime
- Prohibition
- Racism in 1920s America
- Immigrants in 1920s America
- Red Scare
Bust - American’s Experiences of the Depression and New Deal
American Society during the Great Depression
- Unemployment during the Great Depression
- Farming during the Great Depression
- Businessmen during the Great Depression
- Herbert Hoover
- Franklin D. Roosevelt
- New Deal
- Republicans
- Roosevelt as President
- Pop Culture in Pre-War America
Impact of WWII
- WWII
- Impacts of WWII on America
- America’s Economic Recovery
- Lend Lease
- Exports in Post-War America
- Social Developments in Post-War America
Post-War America
Post-War American Society and Economy
- Consumerism
- Causes of Prosperity in Post-War America
- The American Dream
- McCarthyism
- Popular Culture in Post-War America
Civil Rights Movement
- Segregation Laws
- Martin Luther King
- Peaceful Protest
- Malcolm X
- Black Power Movement
- Civil Rights Act 1964
- Civil Rights Act 1968
America and the ‘Great Society’
Conflict and Tension: the First World War, 1894-1918
The Causes of the First World War
The Alliance System
- WWI
- The Triple Alliance
- Franco-Russian Alliance
- Relations between the ‘Entente’ powers
- Moroccan Crises (1905 and 1911)
- Crisis in the Balkans (1908-1909)
Anglo-German Rivalry
- Splendid Isolation
- Kaiser Wilhelm’s Foreign Policy
- Colonial Tensions between Britain and Germany
- European Rearmament pre-WWI
Outbreak of WWI
- Slav Nationalism
- Serbia
- Archduke Franz Ferdinand
- July Crisis
- Schlieffen Plan
- Why WWI broke out
- How WWI went from Tension to War
WWI: Stalemate
Schlieffen Plan
The Western Front
WWI on a Wider Scale
Ending WWI
Military Developments in 1918
- How Military Developments helped Defeat Germany in 1918
- Evolution of Military Tactics and Technology through WWI
- Ludendorff
- German Spring Offensive
- Allied Advance during The Hundred Days
Germany Surrenders
Conflict and Tension: The Inter-War Years, 1918-1939
Peacemaking
Armistice
- Aims of the Peacemakers
- Woodrow Wilson
- Georges Clemenceau
- David Lloyd George
- Success of the Peacemakers
Treaty of Versailles
The League of Nations
The Collapse of the League of Nations
Origins and Outbreak of the Second World War
Development of Tension pre-WWII
Escalation of Tension Pre-WWII
- Remilitarisation of the Rhineland
- Benito Mussolini
- Axis Forces
- Anti-Comintern Pact
- Anschluss
- Appeasement
- Sudetenland Crisis
- End of Appeasement
The Outbreak of World War II
Conflict and Tension between East and West, 1945-1971
The Origins of the Cold War
End of WWII
- Cold War
- Superpower
- Yalta Conference
- Potsdam Conference
- Division of Germany
- Capitalism
- Communism
- USA
- USSR
- Joseph Stalin
- Winston Churchill
- Franklin D. Roosevelt
- Clement Attlee
- Harry Truman
- Nuclear Bombs
Iron Curtain
- Soviet Expansion in Eastern Europe
- US Policy against the Soviets
- Stalin's reaction to US Policy
- Cominform
- Comecon
- Yugoslavia
- Berlin Blockade
- Berlin Airlift
Development of the Cold War
Cold War Military Rivalries
The 'Thaw
Transformation of the Cold War
- Berlin Wall
- Cuba
- Fidel Castro
- Bay of Pigs Invasion
- Nikita Khrushchev
- John F. Kennedy
- Czechoslovakia
- Brezhnev Doctrine
Easing of Cold War Tension
Conflict and Tension in Asia,1950-1975
Conflict in Korea
Causes of the Korean War
- Korea
- Nationalism
- USA
- China
- Division of Korea
- Kim Il Sung
- Syngman Rhee
- Invasion of South Korea, 1950
- USSR absence from UN
Development of the Korean War
- UN
- UN Campaign in North Korea
- UN Campaign in South Korea
- Inchon Landings
- Recapture of South Korea
- UN Advance into North Korea
- Chinese Intervention in Korean War
- General MacArthur
End of Korean War
- 38th Parallel
- Armistice in Korea
- Impact of the Korean War in Korea
- UN and Sino-American Relations post-Korean War
Conflict in Vietnam
- Vietnam
- French Colonial Rule in Vietnam
- Dien Bien Phu
- Geneva Agreement, 1954
- Civil War in South Vietnam
- Vietcong
- Guerilla Warfare
- Ho Chi Minh
US Involvement in Vietnam
- Communism
- Capitalism
- Domino Theory
- Dwight D. Eisenhower
- John F. Kennedy
- Intervention in Vietnam under Eisenhower and Kennedy
- Strategic Hamlets Programme
- Johnson's War
- Gulf of Tonkin
- US Response to Vietcong Tactics
- Mass Bombing Campaign in Vietnam
- Demands for Peace in Vietnam
- Student Protests Against Vietnam War in USA
- My Lai
- Search and Destroy Tactics
- Tet Offensive
Ending the Vietnam War
- Richard Nixon
- Vietnamisation
- Chemical Warfare
- Bombing Campaign 1970-72, Vietnam
- US Relations with China during Vietnam War
- Expansion of Vietnam War into Laos and Cambodia
Opposition to Vietnam War
- Kent State University
- Importance of Media and TV in influencing Public Opinion during Vietnam War
- Watergate Affair
End of the Vietnam War
Conflict and Tension in the Gulf and Afghanistan, 1990-2009
Tensions in the Gulf
- Persian Gulf
- Iran
- Iraq
- Iran-Iraq War
- USA
- Russia
- International Interests in Iran and Iraq
- Israel
- Palestine
- Contribution of Israeli-Palestinian Conflict to Tension in the Gulf
Gulf War, 1990
- Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait
- George H.W. Bush
- Margaret Thatcher
- Role of Bush and Thatcher in First Gulf War
- UN Campaign against Saddam Hussein
- Consequences of the First Gulf War
- US Influence in the Gulf
War on Al-Qaeda
- Al-Qaeda
- Osama bin Laden
- 11 September Attacks
- Afghanistan
- Taliban
- Problems faced by Ethnic Groups in Afghanistan
War on Terror
- George W. Bush
- Tony Blair
- 2001 US/UK Operation in Afghanistan
- Overthrow and Collapse of the Taliban
- UN Peace Conference
- Hamid Karzai
Iraq War
- Saddam Hussein's Regime
- International Attitudes to Saddam Hussein
- Kurds
- Islam
- Iraq's links to Al-Qaeda
- Iraq's Reputation as a Rogue State
- Religious Divisions in Iraq
- Role of the UN in Iraq War
2003 Invasion of Iraq
- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
- Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)
- Military Campaign in Iraq
- Western Interests in Iraq
- Downfall of Saddam Hussein
Impact of the Iraq War
Medicine and Health in Britain: c1000 to the Present Day
Medieval Medicine in England
- England
- Medieval
- Medicine
- Beliefs on Causes of Medieval Illnesses
- Different Approaches in Medieval Medicine
- Medieval Doctors
Progress in Medieval Medicine
Public Health in the Middle Ages
The Beginnings of Change in Medicine
Medical Renaissance in Britain
- Renaissance
- Continuity in Medical Renaissance Britain
- Thomas Sydenham
- Challenges to Medical Authority in Anatomy, Physiology and Surgery
- Vesalius
- Pare
- William Harvey
- Opposition to Change in Renaissance Medicine
- Traditional Methods of Treatment in Renaissance Medicine
- New Methods of Treatment in Renaissance Medicine
- Quackery
- Plague
- Growth of Hospitals in Renaissance Britain
- Changes to the Training of Surgeons in Renaissance Britain
- John Hunter
- Innoculation
- Edward Jenner
- Vaccination
- Opposition to Vaccination and Innoculation
A Revolution in Medicine
- Germ Theory
- Louis Pasteur
- Robert Koch
- Paul Ehrlich
- Everyday Medical Treatments and Remedies in 19th Century
Surgical Revolution
- Anaesthetics
- Simpson
- Chloroform
- Antiseptics
- Joseph Lister
- Carbolic Acid
- Aseptic Surgery
- Surgical Procedures in the 19th Century
- Public Health Problems in Industrial Britain
- Cholera Epidemics
- Role of Public Health Reformers
- Local and National Government Involvement in Public Health Improvement in Industrial Britain
Modern Medicine
- Modern Treatment of Disease
- Development of the Pharmaceutical Industry
- Penicillin
- Modern New Diseases and Treatments
- Antibiotic Resistance
- Alternative Modern Medicine
Impact of War and Technology on Surgery
Modern Public Health
Britain: Power and the People: c1170 to the Present Day
Challenging Authority and Feudalism
Origins of Parliament
- Henry III
- Issues between Henry III and the Barons
- Simon de Montfort
- Provisions of Oxford
- Parliament of 1265
- Peasants Revolt
Challenging Royal Authority in Middle Age Britain
- Pilgrimage of Grace
- [[Henry VIII]
- Divine Right of Kings
- Parliamentary Authority
- English Revolution
- Political Radicalism
- Charles I
- Oliver Cromwell
- Commonwealth
- American Revolution
Reform and Reformers in 19th Century Britain
- Protests for Political Change in early 19th Century Britain
- Great Reform Act 1832
- Chartism
- Campaigning Groups in 19th Century Britain
- Factory Reformers in 19th Century Britain
- Social Reformers in 19th Century Britain
Workers Movements in 19th Century Britain
Equality and Rights in Modern Britain
Worker's Rights in Modern Britain
Minority Rights in Post-World War Two Britain
Britain: Migration, Empires and the People: c790 to the Present Day
Conquered and Conquerors in Early Medieval England
- Vikings
- Anglo-Saxons
- Danelaw
- Alfred and Wessex
- King Cnut
- Emma of Normandy
- North Sea Empire
- Norman Kingdom in Britain
- Angevin Empire
- Henry II
- Relationship between Britain and France during Norman Era
- Invasion of Ireland
- King John
Origins of English Identity
Looking West in Middle Age Britain
- New World
- British Empire
- British Pirates
- Development of the Slave Trade
- Impact of the Slave Trade on Britain
- Colonisation
- Native Americans
- Pilgrim Fathers
- Indentured Servants
- American War of Independence
- Huguenots
- Highland Clearances
- Ulster Plantations
Expansion of British Empire
British Expansion in India
- India
- British Control of India
- East India Company
- Robert Clive
- Warren Hastings
- Indian Rebellion (1857)
- British India
British Expansion in Africa
- British Involvement in Africa
- Missionaries
- [British Missionaries in Africa]]
- British Trade in Africa
- South Africa in the British Empire
- Egypt in the British Empire
- Scramble for Africa
- Cecil Rhodes
- Boer War
- British Imperial Propaganda
Migration to, from and within Britain
- Irish Migration to Britain, Empire
- Jewish Migration to Britain, Empire
- Migration to and from British Empire
- Migration from Rural to Urban Settings in Imperial Britain
Britain in the 20th Century
- End of British Empire
- Impact of First and Second World Wars on British Empire
- Suez Crisis
- Nationalism
Legacy of British Empire
- Windrush
- Claudia Jones
- Post-Empire Migration to Britain from Africa and Asia
- Commonwealth
- Falklands War
Britain's Relationship with Europe in 20th Century
Norman England, c1066-c1100
The Normans: Conquest and Control
- Normans
- Causes of Norman Conquest
- Claims to the British Throne in 1066
- Military Aspects of the Norman Conquest
- Anglo-Saxon Military Tactics in 1066
- Norman Military Tactics in 1066
- Military Innovations during Norman Conquest
Establishing Control after the Norman Conquest
British Life under the Normans
- Feudalism
- Goverment
- Norman Government
- Anglo-Saxon and Norman Government Systems
- Aristocracy
- Military Service under Norman Rule
- Norman Justice and Legal System
- Domesday Book
- Anglo-Saxon and Norman Life
- Norman Forest Law
Norman Church and Monasticism
- Norman Church
- Anglo-Saxon Church before 1066
- Archbishop Lanfranc
- Norman Church Organisation in Britain
- Relations between the Church and State in Norman Britain
- William II
- Wealth of the Church in Norman Britain
- British Relations with the Papacy in Norman Era
- The Investiture Controversy
- Norman Monastic Reforms
- Norman Monastic Life
- Norman Education
- Latin
Edexcel History Key Stage 4
Crime and Punishment in Britain, c1000-Present
Nature and Changing Definitions of Criminal Activity, Medieval England
- Anglo-Saxon
- Norman
- Medieval England
- Crimes against People, Property and Authority in Medieval England
- Definition of Crime after Norman Conquest
Nature of Law Enforcement and Punishment, Medieval England
- Law Enforcement in Anglo-Saxon to Medieval England
- Penal System and Punishment in Anglo-Saxon to Medieval England
Case Studies on Crime and Punishment in Medieval England
- Influence of the Church in Early 13th Century Crime and Punishment
- Significance of Sanctuary and Benefit of Clergy
- Trial by Ordeal
Nature and Changing Definitions of Criminal Activity, early Modern England
- Crimes against People, Property and Authority in early Modern England
- New Definitions of Crime in 16th Century
Nature of Law Enforcement and Punishment, early Modern England
Case Studies on Crime and Punishment in early Modern England
Nature and Changing Definitions of Criminal Activity, 18th-19th Century Britain
- Crimes against People, Property and Authority in 18th-19th Century Britain
- Changing Definitions of Crime in 18th-19th Century
Nature of Law Enforcement and Punishment, 18th-19th Century Britain
- Law Enforcement in 18th-19th Century Britain
- Penal System and Punishment in 18th-19th Century Britain
Case Studies on Crime and Punishment in 18th-19th Century Britain
Nature and Changing Definitions of Criminal Activity, Modern Britain
- Crimes against People, Property and Authority in modern Britain
- Changing Definitions of Crime in modern Britain
Nature of Law Enforcement and Punishment, Modern Britain
Case Studies on Crime and Punishment in modern Britain
Whitechapel, c1870-c1900: crime, policing and the inner city
- Whitechapel
- Housing and Overcrowding in Whitechapel
- Workhouses
- Life in Whitechapel
- Reasons for Crime in Whitechapel
- Significance of Whitechapel as an inner city area
Immigration to Whitechapel
- Irish Immigration to Whitechapel
- Eastern European Immigration to Whitechapel
- Jewish Immigration to Whitechapel, 1880s
- Socialism
- Anarchism
Policing in Whitechapel
- H Division
- Difficulties of Policing Whitechapel
- Lifestyle Problems in Whitechapel
- Whitechapel Vigilance Committee
- Investigative Policing in Whitechapel
- Problems caused by the Need for Cooperative Policing
- [[Jack the Ripper]
- Metropolitan Police in late-19th Century Britain
- CID
- Sir Charles Warren
Whitechapel, c1870-c1900: crime, policing and the inner city Sources
Medicine in Britain, c1250-present
Ideas about the Cause of Disease and Illness, Medieval England
- Supernatural Explanations for Disease in medieval England
- Religious Explanations for Disease in medieval England
- Rational Explanations for Disease in medieval England
Approaches to Prevention and Treatment, Medieval England
- Preventing Disease in medieval England
- Treating Disease in medieval England
- New Approaches to Hospital Care in 13th Century
- Traditional Approaches to Hospital Care in 13th Century
Case Studies in medieval England
Ideas about the Cause of Disease and Illness, Medical Renaissance in England
Approaches to Prevention and Treatment, Medical Renaissance in England
- Prevention, Treatment and Care in Medical Renaissance England
- Changes to Prevention, Treatment and Care in Medical Renaissance England
Case Studies in Medical Renaissance England
Ideas about the Cause of Disease and Illness, 18th-19th Century Britain
Approaches to Prevention and Treatment, 18th-19th Century Britain
- Change in Care and Treatment in 18th-19th Century Britain
- New Approaches to Disease Prevention in 18th-19th Century Britain
Case Studies in 18th-19th Century Britain
Ideas about the Cause of Disease and Illness, Modern Britain
Approaches to Prevention and Treatment, Modern Britain
- Changes to Care and Treatment in Modern Britain
- Advances in Medicine in Modern Britain
- New Approaches to preventing Disease in Modern Britain
Case Studies in Modern Britain
British Sector of the Western Front, 1914-18: injuries, treatment and the trenches
- World War One
- Western Front
- War in Flanders
- Ypres Salient
- Trench Warfare
- Use of Mines in World War One
- Medical Treatment in World War One
- Illness and Injury during World War One
- RAMC
- FANY
- Transport in World War One
- Treatment Areas in World War One
- Significance of Western Front in Surgical Advances
- Medicine in Early 20th Century
The British Sector of the Western Front, 1914-18: injuries, treatment and the trenches Sources
Warfare and British Society, c1250-present
Nature of Medieval Warfare in England
- Medieval English Army
- Links between Social Structure and Army Command in Medieval England
- New Weapons and Formations in Medieval Warfare
- Importance of Gunpowder in Medieval Warfare
Experience of Medieval War
Case Studies in Medieval Warfare
Nature of Warfare in the early modern period
- Army in 16th and 17th Century
- Developments in the Army in 16th and 17th Century
- Developments in Weaponry in 16th and 17th Century
Experience of War in the early modern period
Case Studies in early modern war
Nature of Warfare in 18th and 19th Century Britain
- Army in 18th and 19th Century Britain
- Developments in the Army in 18th and 19th Century Britain
- Developments in Weaponry in 18th and 19th Century British Warfare
- Impact of Industrialisation on Warfare
Experience of War in 18th and 19th Century Britain
- Recruitment and Training in 18th and 19th Century British Army
- Impact of War on Civilians in 18th and 19th Century
Case Studies in 18th and 19th Century British Warfare
Nature of Modern British Warfare
- Army in Modern British Warfare
- Developments in the Army in Modern British Warfare
- Weaponry in Modern British Warfare
- Guerrilla Warfare
Experience of War in Modern Britain
Case Studies in Modern British Warfare
London and the Second World War, 1939-45
- World War Two
- London
- Luftwaffe
- Preparations for World War Two in London
- Protecting London in World War Two
- Attacks on London in World War Two
- Bombs used in World War Two
- Blitz in London
- Life going on in London during World War Two
- Morale in London during World War Two
- London's Response to World War Two
- 'Dig for Victory' Campaign
- British Propaganda in World War Two