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==Key Stage 4Higher==
===Meaning===
A '''monoclonal antibody''' is an [[antibody]] produced from a group of [[clone]]d [[Cell (Biology)|cells]] made in a laboratory.
====Diagnosing Disease====
: Each [[pathogen]] has unique [[antigen]]s on their [[surface]].
: A '''monoclonal antibody''' can be produced which have a [[chemical]] marker that will bind to the [[pathogen]] making it easier to locate and identify it.
: When a [[female]] is [[pregnant]] certain [[hormone]]s are released into the [[blood]] stream and traces can be found in her [[urine]].
: '''Monoclonal antibodies''' can be made which bind to the [[hormone]] causing a [[chemical]] change that results in a colour change on a pregnancy test.
===References===
====Edexcel====
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120207/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120207&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=22455ff53961978667722edaa64c0be5 ''Monoclonal antibodies, pages 120-121, GCSE Biology, Pearson, Edexcel '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948120/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948120&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=dedef775c6a43dbb0a609441525adac0 ''Monoclonal antibodies, pages 169-172, GCSE Biology, CGP, Edexcel '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782946748/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782946748&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a4f0348fc37d0ba1bb52d27f8679581f ''Monoclonal antibodies, pages 60, 61, GCSE Biology; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']
====OCR====
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945660/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945660&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=83aa4500ad7759e7f401a1c5ba5df758 ''Monoclonal antibodies, pages 100, 101, Gateway GCSE Biology; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR '']