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[[ChromosomesChromosome]] s are coils of [[DNA]] found in the [[Cell Nucleus|nucleus]].

| style="height:20px; width:500px; text-align:center;" |This [[diagram ]] shows how [[DNA]] is coiled up to make a [[chromosome]].

: Humans have 46 '''chromosomes'''.: '''Chromosomes ''' come in pairs, one from the father and one from the mother.: 23 '''chromosomes''' are from the father and 23 '''chromosomes''' are from the mother.: The last 2 '''chromosome'''s are called sex '''chromosomes''' and they determine if the [[offspring]] is [[male]] or [[female]]. If the human has two [[X Chromosome]]s then they are [[female]]. If the human has an X and a [[Y Chromosome]] they are [[male]]. ==Key Stage 4=={{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IePMXxQ-KWY}}===Meaning===A [[chromosome]] is a section of [[DNA]] that has coiled together. ===About Chromosomes===: '''Chromosomes''' are found in pairs in [[diploid]] [[Cell (Biology)|cells]].: In [[organism]]s are which engage in [[Sexual Reproduction|sexual reproduction]] one of the '''chromosomes''' in the pair is [[Heredity|inherited]] from the mother and the other from the father and 23 .: During [[mitosis]] '''chromosomes''' have made copies of themselves that are joined by a [[centromere]].: In [[haploid]] [[Cell (Biology)|cells]] there are half the number of '''chromosomes'''. These [[Cell (Biology)|cells]] are [[gamete]]s used in [[Sexual Reproduction|sexual reproduction]]. ===About Human Chromosomes===: [[chromosomeHuman]]s have 46 '''chromosome'''s.: 23 '''chromosomes''' are from the father and 23 '''chromosomes''' are from the mother.: The last 2 ''chromosomes ''' are called sex '''chromosomes ''' and they determine if the [[offspring]] is [[male]] or [[female]]. If the human has two [[X Chromosome]]s then they are [[female]]. If the human has an X and a [[Y Chromosome]] they are [[male]]. ===References=======AQA==== :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0008158754/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0008158754&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=27ad53b0283feeff7fc5ae04a9e205f155 ''Chromosome, pages 14, 24-2, 35, 41, 208, 212, 236-9, 240, 242-3, 250-1, GCSE Biology; Student Book, Collins, AQA '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945598/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945598&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ad276ad49df77ab4b40ab4fd0fe09772 ''Chromosomes, pages 15, 66, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945563/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945563&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9a1d023a374038e6072f33c4f3cf808b ''Chromosomes, pages 15, 84, GCSE Biology; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782946381/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782946381&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=5ec5fc3f6429e30c1d9ab9bca2bccf93 ''Chromosomes, pages 33, 34, 204, 213, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Biology, CGP, AQA '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945954/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945954&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=100574c08fbbb64318256eb79ed61a76 ''Chromosomes, pages 33, 34, 244, 261, GCSE Biology, CGP, AQA '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851362/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851362&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=7d78d70a2044ee9982dae010c94af92a ''Chromosomes, pages 34, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 2, Hodder, AQA '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851354/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851354&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9012a0d354024419214fb3ad5ac44ba0 ''Chromosomes, pages 4, 19-20, 27, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 1, Hodder, AQA '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851338/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851338&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=425855d5890466e47189e1c21b67a1ea ''Chromosomes, pages 5, 19-20, 27, 183-4, 185, GCSE Biology, Hodder, AQA '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359373/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359373&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=952a73bbb09d222ecc4b50d200679849 ''Chromosomes, pages 6, 8, 26-27, 198-199, 211, GCSE Biology; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945598/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945598&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ad276ad49df77ab4b40ab4fd0fe09773 ''Chromosomes; X and Y, page 69, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945563/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945563&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9a1d023a374038e6072f33c4f3cf808b ''Chromosomes; X and Y, page 90, GCSE Biology; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851362/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851362&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=7d78d70a2044ee9982dae010c94af92a ''Chromosomes; X and Y, pages 40-1, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 2, Hodder, AQA ''] ====Edexcel==== :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945741/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945741&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=30da4f2178da182547b62a7329d13b57 ''Chromosomes, pages 20, 27, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782946748/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782946748&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a4f0348fc37d0ba1bb52d27f8679581f ''Chromosomes, pages 24, 34, GCSE Biology; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120193/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120193&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=572df39392fb4200db8391d98ae6314e ''Chromosomes, pages 4, 26, 40, 42, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120207/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120207&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=22455ff53961978667722edaa64c0be5 ''Chromosomes, pages 4, 30, 52, 54, GCSE Biology, Pearson, Edexcel '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948120/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948120&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=dedef775c6a43dbb0a609441525adac0 ''Chromosomes, pages 58, 89, GCSE Biology, CGP, Edexcel '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120193/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120193&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=572df39392fb4200db8391d98ae6314e ''Chromosomes; replication, page 41, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120207/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120207&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=22455ff53961978667722edaa64c0be5 ''Chromosomes; replication, page 53, GCSE Biology, Pearson, Edexcel '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120193/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120193&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=572df39392fb4200db8391d98ae6314e ''Chromosomes; sex chromosomes, page 48, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120207/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120207&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=22455ff53961978667722edaa64c0be5 ''Chromosomes; sex chromosomes, page 66, GCSE Biology, Pearson, Edexcel ''] ====OCR====:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945695/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945695&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ceafcc80bcad6b6754ee97a0c7ceea53 ''Chromosomes, pages 11, 23, 48, 50, Gateway GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945660/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945660&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=83aa4500ad7759e7f401a1c5ba5df758 ''Chromosomes, pages 12, 15, 28, 66, 68, 71, Gateway GCSE Biology; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359810/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359810&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=d768d99f1a06f7c12fab40e5aef85a55 ''Chromosomes, pages 28, 64-65, 154-155, 161, 163, Gateway GCSE Biology, Oxford, OCR '']