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: '''Adaptations''' are caused by [[evolution]].
===Adaptations for the Arctic and Antarctic===
{|
|[[File:PolarBear.png|center|300px]]
| style="padding: 10px; height:20px; width:300px; text-align:left;" |The polar bear is '''adapted''' because it has thick fur to stay warm and it has white fur to camouflage in the snow.
|-
|[[File:ArcticFox.png|center|300px]]
| style="padding: 10px; height:20px; width:300px; text-align:left;" |The arctic fox is well '''adapted''' to the arctic with thick fluffy white fur.
|-
|[[File:Penguin.png|center|300px]]
| style="padding: 10px; height:20px; width:300px; text-align:left;" |An '''adaptation''' of penguins is thick fluffy feathers to keep warm. Penguins do not need to be camouflaged with white feathers because there are few predators to hunt them.
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[File:PolarbearPolarBear.png|center|200px]]
|[[File:ArcticFox.png|center|200px]]
|[[File:Penguin.png|center|200px]]
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |TextThe polar bear is '''adapted''' because it has thick fur to stay warm and it has white fur to camouflage in the snow.| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |TextThe arctic fox is well '''adapted''' to the arctic with thick fluffy white fur.| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |TextAn '''adaptation''' of penguins is thick fluffy feathers to keep warm. Penguins do not need to be camouflaged with white feathers because there are few predators to hunt them.|} ===Adaptations for deserts=== {| class="wikitable"|-|[[File:CactusSaguaro.png|center|200px]]|[[File:Camel.png|center|200px]]|[[File:DesertFox.png|center|200px]]|-| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |The cactus has evolved the '''adaptation''' of not having any leaves. This stops them from losing water too quickly in the dry desert.| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |An '''adaptation''' of camels for the desert is the hump on their back which stores food because there is not much to eat in the desert.| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |The desert fox has been '''adapted''' to have very large ears to help them cool down when it is hot.|} ===Adaptations for Defence==={| class="wikitable"|-|[[File:Hedgehog.png|center|200px]]|[[File:CactusSaguaro.png|center|200px]]|[[File:OctopusInk.png|center|200px]]|-| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |Hedgehogs have spikes. This '''adaptation''' make it difficult for [[animal|animals]] to eat them.| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |Cactus plants have spikes. This '''adaptation''' make it difficult for [[animal|animals]] to eat them.| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |Octopuses and squid spray ink when they are being attacked. This '''adaptation''' makes it difficult for the [[predator]] to see them when the swim away.|} ==Key Stage 3=====Meaning===An [[adaptation]] is a special part an [[organism]] has that helps it survive in its [[habitat]]. Sometimes an [[adaptation]] is the shape or size of certain parts of the [[organism]]. ===Adaptations of Animals==={| class="wikitable"|-|[[File:PolarBear.png|center|200px]]|[[File:Camel.png|center|200px]]|[[File:Hedgehog.png|center|200px]]|-| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |The polar bear is '''adapted''' because it has thick fur to stay warm and it has white fur to camouflage in the snow.| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |An '''adaptation''' of camels for the desert is the hump on their back which stores food because there is not much to eat in the desert.| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |Hedgehogs have spikes. This '''adaptation''' make it difficult for [[animal|animals]] to eat them.
|}
===Adaptations of Plants===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[File:CactusSaguaro.png|center|200px]]
|[[File:LeafCrossSection.png|center|200px]]
|[[File:Acorn.png|center|200px]]
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |The cactus has evolved the '''adaptation''' of not having any leaves. This stops them from losing water too quickly in the dry desert.
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |An '''adaptation''' of the [[leaf]] is the air gaps that allow the exchange of gases needed for photosynthesis and respiration.
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |An [[adaptation]] of many plants is to have hard seeds which are shells which protect the [[offspring]] from being eaten as well as from cold or dry conditions allowing the [[offspring]] to wait for the conditions to be just right before [[germination|germinating]].
|}
===Adaptations of Specialised Cells===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''[[Muscle Cell]]'''
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''[[Sperm Cell]]'''
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''[[Palisade Cell]]'''
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''[[Root Hair Cell]]'''
|-
|[[File:MuscleCellClipart.png|center|200px]]
|[[File:SpermCellClipart.png|center|200px]]
|[[File:PalisadeCellClipart.png|center|200px]]
|[[File:RootHairCellClipart.png|center|200px]]
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |This [[Cell (Biology)|cell]] is '''adapted''' with muscle fibres that allow it to get shorter and longer and extra [[mitochondria]] to power the movement.
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |The [[adaptation]]s of the [[Sperm Cell|sperm cell]] are a tail for swimming, extra [[mitochondria]] to provide energy for movement and [[enzyme]]s in the head to break through the jelly coating on an [[ovum]].
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |The [[Palisade Cell|palisade cell]] is '''adapted''' with an elongated shape and extra [[chloroplast]]s to collect as much light as possible to power [[photosynthesis]].
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |This [[Cell (Biology)|cell]] is '''adapted''' with a long root hair to increase its [[Surface Area|surface area]] so it can [[Absorb (biology)|absorb]] [[water]] and [[mineral]]s quickly.
|}
==Key Stage 4==
===Meaning===
[[Adaptation]]s are features of an [[organism]] that help it survive within its [[ecosystem]] or features of [[Specialised Cell|specialised cells]] which allow them to perform a specific job within an [[organism]].
===About Adaptations===
: [[Adaptation]]s [[Evolution|evolve]] over many generations.
===Examples===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[File:DesertFox.png|center|400px]]
|[[File:ArcticFox.png|center|400px]]
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |'''Adaptations''' of the desert fox:
*Thin fur - Allows it to cool down more quickly.
*Large ears - Allow the fox to lose [[Thermal Energy Store|thermal energy]] through [[Blood Vessel|blood vessels]] in the [[ear]]s.
*Large surface area compared to volume - Provides a greater area for [[Thermal Energy Store|thermal energy]] to escape.
*[[Nocturnal]] - The desert fox sleeps during the day and comes out at night when it is cooler.
*Sand coloured fur - To camouflage the desert fox when it is hunting.
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |'''Adaptations''' of the arctic fox:
*Thick fur - Insulates the fox to keep warm.
*Small ears - To prevent the loss of [[Thermal Energy Store|thermal energy]] through [[Blood Vessel|blood vessels]] in the [[ear]]s.
*Small surface area compared to volume - The rounded shape provides a smaller area for [[Thermal Energy Store|thermal energy]] to escape.
*White coloured fur - To camouflage the desert fox when it is hunting.
|}