Changes

: '''Beta minus particles''' may also be referred to as '''beta radiation''' and is written with the symbol '''<math>β^-</math>'''.: '''Beta minus particles''' are a fast moving [[electron]] [[emit]]ted from the [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] of an [[Unstable Isotope|unstable isotope]].: '''Beta minus particles''' have a [[mass]] of <math>9.11 \times 10^{-31}</math>kg and a [[Relative Atomic Mass|relative atomic mass]] of 1/1840 (which is so much smaller than a [[nucleon]] that it is usually referred to as 0) : '''Beta minus particles''' have a [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of <math>1.60 \times 10^{-19}</math>C and [[Relative Atomic Charge|relative charge]] of -1.: '''Beta minus particles''' are [[emit]]ted when a [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] is too large or the [[ratio]] of [[neutron]]s to [[proton]]s is too large (too many [[neutron]]s).

| style="height:20px; width:400px; text-align:left;" |Scientist were able to determine the [[Electrical Charge|charge]] and [[mass]] of a [[Beta Particle|β-minus particle]] by sending it between two [[Electrical Charge|electrically charged]] plates and observing its path.

The '''β-minus particle''' moves towards the [[Positive Charge|positive]] plate, so it must be [[Positive Charge|positively charged]]. The rate of curvature depends on the [[mass]]:[[Electrical Charge|charge]] [[ratio]] which indicates it has a [[Relative Atomic Mass|relative atomic mass]] of 1/1840 and [[Relative Atomic Charge|relative charge]] of -1.

: With a relative [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of -1, '''β-minus particles''' are the second most [[Ionising Radiation|ionising]] of the three [[Ionising Radiation|ionising radiations]]. It is capable of knocking out more than one [[electron]] from different [[atom]]s or [[molecule]]s as it has a large amount of [[Kinetic Energy Store|kinetic energy]].

<math>{}_Z^AX \rightarrow {}_{Z+1}^{A}Y + {}_{-1}^0\beta+\bar{\nu}</math>

<math>{}_{28}^{65}Ni \rightarrow {}_{29}^{65}Cu + {}_{-1}^0\beta+\bar{\nu}</math>

<math>{}_{7}^{13}N \rightarrow {}_{Z}^{A}X + {}_{-1}^0\beta+\bar{\nu}</math>

<math>{}_{Z}^{A}X \rightarrow {}_{48}^{111}Cd + {}_{-1}^0\beta+\bar{\nu}</math>