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Carbon

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Key Stage 2

Meaning

Carbon is a chemical that makes diamonds and graphite.

Key Stage 3

A 2 dimensional representation of a Carbon atom with 6 protons and 6 neutrons in the nucleus and 6 electrons orbiting the nucleus.

Meaning

Carbon is a Group 4 non-metal element, on the Periodic Table, with an atomic number of 6.

About Carbon

Carbon has the chemical symbol C.

Molecular Structure

Carbon can form giant molecules called graphite and diamond.

Atomic Structure

Carbon has 6 protons and 6 neutrons in its nucleus giving it an atomic number of 6 and a atomic mass of 12.
Carbon is in Period 2 of the Periodic Table because it has 2 electron shells.

Properties

Carbon is solid at room temperature.

Key Stage 4

A 2 dimensional representation of the Bohr Model of a Carbon-12 isotope with 6 protons and 6 neutrons in the nucleus and 2 electrons in the first shell and 4 in the outer shell.

Meaning

Carbon is a Group 4 non-metal element, on the Periodic Table with 6 protons in the nucleus.

About Carbon

Carbon has the chemical symbol C.

Molecular Structure

Carbon forms covalent bonds with other Carbon atoms to produce a giant covalent structure.
Carbon is able to make long chains of atoms to produce compounds called polymers.

There are several allotropes of Carbon including:

Examples

DiamondStructure.png
GraphiteStructure.png
GrapheneStructure.png
FullereneStructure.png
Diamond is a giant covalent structure where each Carbon atom has 4 bonds with adjacent atoms. Graphite has a giant covalent structure with each Carbon atom has 3 bonds with adjacent atoms in a layer with loose bonds between the layers. Graphene has a giant covalent structure where each Carbon atom has 3 bonds with adjacent atoms forming a layer that is one atom thick. Fullerenes have a giant covalent structure where each Carbon atom has 3 bonds with adjacent atoms forming a sphere.

Atomic Structure

The most common isotope of Carbon is Carbon-12 which has 6 protons and 6 neutrons in the nucleus.
Carbon is in Period 2 of the Periodic Table because it has 2 electron shells.
Carbon has 4 electrons in its outer shell so it can form 4 bonds with other atoms.

Properties

Carbon is solid at room temperature.
The different allotrope have different melting points and different electrical conductivity.

References

AQA

Carbon, page 119, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA
Carbon, page 287, GCSE Physics; Student Book, Collins, AQA
Carbon, page 34, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA
Carbon, pages 49-51, 86, 88-89, 196, 223, GCSE Chemistry; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA

Edexcel

Carbon, pages 24, 55, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel
Carbon, pages 71, 87, 117, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel
Carbon; extraction of metals, page 55, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel
Carbon; extraction of metals, pages 155, 156, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, Edexcel
Carbon; giant covalent structures, page 24, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel
Carbon; giant covalent structures, page 87, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel
Carbon; giant covalent structures, pages 62-64, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, Edexcel

OCR

Carbon, pages 171, 174, 179, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR
Carbon; activated charcoal, page 198, Gateway GCSE Chemistry, Oxford, OCR
Carbon; metal extinction, pages 206-207, Gateway GCSE Chemistry, Oxford, OCR
Carbon; structures, pages 62-63, 74-75, 80, Gateway GCSE Chemistry, Oxford, OCR