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==Key Stage 4==
===Meaning===
'''Dynamic Equilibrium''' is when a [[Reversible Reaction|reversible reaction]] has been going long enough that the forward [[Chemical Reaction|reaction]] and the back [[Chemical Reaction|reaction]] happen at the same [[Rate of Reaction|rate]] causing a constant quantity of [[reactant]]s and [[product]]s in the [[Reaction Mixture|reaction mixture]].
===About Dynamic Equilibrium===
====Foundation====
: During '''dynamic equilibrium''' the amount of [[reactant]]s and [[product]]s is constant. However, the [[Chemical Reaction|reactions]] have not stopped taking place.
: When the [[Reaction Mixture|reaction mixture]] is initially added to a [[Reaction Vessel|reaction vessel]] the [[Rate of Reaction|rate]] of the forward [[Chemical Reaction|reaction]] is high. As the [[Chemical Reaction|reaction]] progresses the [[concentration]] of original [[reactant]]s decreases, slowing [[Rate of Reaction|rate of reaction]]. Meanwhile the [[concentration]] of [[product]]s increases, which increases the rate of the back [[Chemical Reaction|reaction]]. Once the two [[Rate of Reaction|rates of reaction]] are equal then the [[Reaction Mixture|reaction mixture]] is in [[Dynamic Equilibrium|dynamic equilibrium]].
===Equilibrium Position===
====Higher====
: The position of the '''dynamic equilibrium''' (the [[ratio]] of [[reactant]]s to [[product]]s) can be affected by the [[temperature]] and by the [[Gas Pressure|pressure]].
=====Temperature and Dynamic Equilibirum=====
: An increase in [[temperature]] will increase the [[Rate of Reaction|rate]] of an [[endothermic]] [[Chemical Reaction|reaction]] as it requires [[energy]] from the environment to take place.
: This means for an [[endothermic]] forward [[Chemical Reaction|reaction]] a higher [[temperature]] will result in more [[product]] being formed. However, for an [[exothermic]] forward [[Chemical Reaction|reaction]] less product will be formed as the back [[Chemical Reaction|reaction]] will be [[endothermic]] and would increase its [[Rate of Reaction|rate]] with higher [[temperature]].
=====Pressure and Dynamic Equilibirum=====
: For [[Chemical Reaction|reaction]]s involving a [[gas]] as either one of the [[reactant]]s or [[product]]s changing the pressure will affect the position of '''dynamic equilibrium'''.
: The number of [[mole]]s of [[gas]] in the [[reactant]]s and [[product]]s will determine which direction of [[Chemical Reaction|reaction]] is favoured by higher [[Gas Pressure|pressure]].
: If the forward [[Chemical Reaction|reaction]] [[product|produces]] more [[mole]]s of [[gas]] than the back [[Chemical Reaction|reaction]] then high [[Gas Pressure|pressure]] will reduce the amount of [[product]]s formed.
: If the forward [[Chemical Reaction|reaction]] [[product|produces]] fewer [[mole]]s of [[gas]] than the back [[Chemical Reaction|reaction]] then high [[Gas Pressure|pressure]] will increase the amount of [[product]]s formed.
Hydrogen + Nitrogen ⇌ Ammonia
<math> 3H_2(g) + N_2(g) ⇌ 2NH_3(g) </math>
: In this [[Reversible Reaction|reversible reaction]] there are more [[mole]]s of [[gas]] in the [[reactant]]s than the [[product]]s so higher [[Gas Pressure|pressure]] will favour the forward [[Chemical Reaction|reaction]] and the [[Equilibrium Position (Chemistry)|equilibrium position]] will have a greater [[concentration]] of [[product]]s than [[reactant]]s.
Ammonium Chloride ⇌ Ammonia + Hydrochloric Acid
<math> NH_4Cl(s) ⇌ NH_3(g) + HCl(g) </math>
: In this [[Reversible Reaction|reversible reaction]] there are more [[mole]]s of [[gas]] in the [[product]]s than the [[reactant]] so higher [[Gas Pressure|pressure]] will favour the back [[Chemical Reaction|reaction]] and the [[Equilibrium Position (Chemistry)|equilibrium position]] will have a greater [[concentration]] of [[reactant]] than [[product]]s.
===Extra Information===
{{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o1_D4FscMnU}}
===References===
====AQA====
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851346/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851346&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3ac654f4b0da781c49c855a1af4c92ea ''Dynamic equilibrium, page 159, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851362/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851362&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=7d78d70a2044ee9982dae010c94af92a ''Dynamic equilibrium, pages 130, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 2, Hodder, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359381/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359381&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=47c8d1ae58d8b3a5e2094cd447154558 ''Dynamic equilibrium, pages 142-143, GCSE Chemistry; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851346/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851346&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3ac654f4b0da781c49c855a1af4c92ea ''Dynamic equilibrium; effect of catalyst, page 164, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851362/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851362&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=7d78d70a2044ee9982dae010c94af92a ''Dynamic equilibrium; Effect of catalysts, pages 135, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 2, Hodder, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851362/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851362&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=7d78d70a2044ee9982dae010c94af92a ''Dynamic equilibrium; Effect of concentration changes, pages 132, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 2, Hodder, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851362/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851362&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=7d78d70a2044ee9982dae010c94af92a ''Dynamic equilibrium; Effect of pressure changes, pages 133-4, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 2, Hodder, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851362/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851362&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=7d78d70a2044ee9982dae010c94af92a ''Dynamic equilibrium; Effect of temperature changes, pages 133, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 2, Hodder, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851346/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851346&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3ac654f4b0da781c49c855a1af4c92ea ''Dynamic equilibrium; in the Haber process, page 267, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851362/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851362&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=7d78d70a2044ee9982dae010c94af92a ''Dynamic equilibrium; Le Chátelier`s principle 131-2, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 2, Hodder, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851346/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851346&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3ac654f4b0da781c49c855a1af4c92ea ''Dynamic equilibrium; Le Chatelier’s principle, pages 160-3, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA '']
====Edexcel====
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948147/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948147&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=f63dcd8345f4e49c717b39a228a36c7c ''Dynamic equilibrium, pages 169, 170, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, Edexcel '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120193/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120193&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=572df39392fb4200db8391d98ae6314e ''Dynamic equilibrium, pages 238-239, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120215/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120215&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=8f96ddb76196848bafdb124354e4cf77 ''Dynamic equilibrium, pages 94-95, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120215/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120215&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=8f96ddb76196848bafdb124354e4cf77 ''Dynamic equilibrium; factors affecting, pages 122-123, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel '']
====OCR====
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359829/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359829&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=90e8d7b4f039d53035238fa0320fe00b ''Dynamic equilibrium, page 187, Gateway GCSE Chemistry, Oxford, OCR '']