Difference between revisions of "Moment"
(Created page with "==Key Stage 3== ===Meaning=== A '''moment''' is the turning effect of a force. ===About Moments===") |
|||
(33 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) | |||
Line 4: | Line 4: | ||
===About Moments=== | ===About Moments=== | ||
+ | : When a [[force]] acts on an [[object]] with a [[pivot]] it becomes a turning force called a [[moment]]. | ||
+ | : A '''moment''' can be calculated by multiplying a [[force]] by the [[distance]] from a [[pivot]]. | ||
+ | : The [[unit]]s of a '''moment''' are [[Newton Metre]]s (Nm). | ||
+ | : '''Moments''' can be used to make [[Force Multiplier]]s using a [[pivot]] and [[lever]]. | ||
+ | : The longer the lever, the larger the [[moment]] that can be produced. | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[[File:PivotLever.png|center|400px]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |Using '''moments''' an effort can be used to lift a load. If the [[pivot]] is closer to the load than the effort then the [[force]] of effort can be smaller than the load to lift the [[object]]. | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Equation=== | ||
+ | Moment = Force x Perpendicular distance from the pivot. | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>M = F \times d</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Where: | ||
+ | : M = [[Moment]] | ||
+ | : F = [[Force]] | ||
+ | : d = [[Perpendicular]] distance from the [[pivot]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Example Calculations=== | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''A 20N force of effort is applied at a [[perpendicular]] distance of 0.15m from the pivot. Calculate the Moment.''' | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''A 20N force of effort is applied at a [[perpendicular]] distance of 14cm from the pivot. Calculate the Moment.''' | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''A 20N force of effort is applied at a [[perpendicular]] distance of 100mm from the pivot. Calculate the Moment.''' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[[File:MomentSpanner1.png|center|200px]] | ||
+ | |[[File:MomentSpanner2.png|center|200px]] | ||
+ | |[[File:MomentSpanner3.png|center|200px]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" | | ||
+ | Force = 20N | ||
+ | |||
+ | Perpendicular distance = 0.15m | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>M = F \times d</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>M = 20 \times 0.15</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>M = 3.0Nm</math> | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" | | ||
+ | Force = 20N | ||
+ | |||
+ | Perpendicular distance = 14cm = 0.14m | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>M = F \times d</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>M = 20 \times 0.14</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>M = 2.8Nm</math> | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" | | ||
+ | Force = 20N | ||
+ | |||
+ | Perpendicular distance = 100mm = 0.10m | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>M = F \times d</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>M = 20 \times 0.10</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>M = 2.0Nm</math> | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Extra Information=== | ||
+ | {{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YlYEi0PgG1g}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Key Stage 4== | ||
+ | ===Meaning=== | ||
+ | A '''moment''' is the turning effect of a [[force]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===About Moments=== | ||
+ | : When a [[force]] acts on an [[object]] with a [[pivot]] it becomes a turning force called a [[moment]]. | ||
+ | : A '''moment''' can be calculated by multiplying a [[force]] by the [[distance]] from a [[pivot]]. | ||
+ | : The [[unit]]s of a '''moment''' are [[Newton Metre]]s (Nm). | ||
+ | : '''Moments''' can be used to make [[Force Multiplier]]s using a [[pivot]] and [[lever]]. | ||
+ | : The longer the lever, the larger the [[moment]] that can be produced. | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[[File:PivotLever.png|center|400px]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |Using '''moments''' an effort can be used to lift a load. If the [[pivot]] is closer to the load than the effort then the [[force]] of effort can be smaller than the load to lift the [[object]]. | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Equation=== | ||
+ | Moment = Force x Perpendicular distance from the pivot. | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>M = F \times d</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Where: | ||
+ | : M = [[Moment]] | ||
+ | : F = [[Force]] | ||
+ | : d = [[Perpendicular]] distance from the [[pivot]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Example Calculations=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''A hammer is used to pull out a nail from a wall. A 30N [[force]] of effort is applied at a [[perpendicular]] distance of 0.18m from the [[pivot]]. While the nail is 0.02m away from the pivot. Calculate the [[force]] applied to the nail at this point.''' | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''A hammer is used to pull out a nail from a wall. A 30N [[force]] of effort is applied at a [[perpendicular]] distance of 19cm from the [[pivot]]. While the nail is 4cm away from the pivot. Calculate the [[force]] applied to the nail at this point.''' | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''A hammer is used to pull out a nail from a wall. A 30N [[force]] of effort is applied at a [[perpendicular]] distance of 200mm from the [[pivot]]. While the nail is 60mm away from the pivot. Calculate the [[force]] applied to the nail at this point.''' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[[File:MomentHammer1.png|center|200px]] | ||
+ | |[[File:MomentHammer2.png|center|200px]] | ||
+ | |[[File:MomentHammer3.png|center|200px]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''A 30N force of effort is applied at a [[perpendicular]] distance of 0.18m from the pivot. Calculate the Moment.''' | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''A 30N force of effort is applied at a [[perpendicular]] distance of 19cm from the pivot. Calculate the Moment.''' | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''A 30N force of effort is applied at a [[perpendicular]] distance of 200mm from the pivot. Calculate the Moment.''' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |'''1. State the known quantities''' | ||
+ | Force = 30N | ||
+ | |||
+ | Perpendicular distance between effort and pivot = 0.18m | ||
+ | |||
+ | Perpendicular distance between effort and pivot = 0.02m | ||
+ | |||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |'''1. State the known quantities''' | ||
+ | Force = 30N | ||
+ | |||
+ | Perpendicular distance between effort and pivot = 19cm = 0.19m | ||
+ | |||
+ | Perpendicular distance between effort and pivot = 4cm = 0.04m | ||
+ | |||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |'''1. State the known quantities''' | ||
+ | Force = 30N | ||
+ | |||
+ | Perpendicular distance between effort and pivot = 200mm = 0.200m | ||
+ | |||
+ | Perpendicular distance between effort and pivot = 60mm = 0.06m | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |'''2. Find the [[moment]] caused by the [[effort]].''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>M = F \times d</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>M = 30 \times 0.18</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>M = 5.4Nm</math> | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |'''2. Find the [[moment]] caused by the [[effort]].''' | ||
+ | <math>M = F \times d</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>M = 30 \times 0.19</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>M = 5.7Nm</math> | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |'''2. Find the [[moment]] caused by the [[effort]].''' | ||
+ | <math>M = F \times d</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>M = 30 \times 0.20</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>M = 6.0Nm</math> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |'''3. Calculate the Force applied to the nail from the [[moment]].''' | ||
+ | Moment = 5.4Nm | ||
+ | |||
+ | Perpendicular distance = 0.02m | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>M = F \times d</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>5.4 = F \times 0.02</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>F = \frac{5.4}{0.02}</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>F = 270N</math> | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |'''3. Calculate the Force applied to the nail from the [[moment]].''' | ||
+ | Moment = 5.7Nm | ||
+ | |||
+ | Perpendicular distance = 4cm = 0.04m | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>M = F \times d</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>5.7 = F \times 0.04</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>F = \frac{5.7}{0.04}</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>F = 142.5N</math> | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |'''3. Calculate the Force applied to the nail from the [[moment]].''' | ||
+ | Moment = 6.0Nm | ||
+ | |||
+ | Perpendicular distance = 60mm = 0.06m | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>M = F \times d</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>6.0 = F \times 0.06</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>F = \frac{6.0}{0.06}</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>F = 100N</math> | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===References=== | ||
+ | ====AQA==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0008158770/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0008158770&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ec31595e720e1529e49876c3866fff6e ''Moment, pages 168-9, GCSE Physics; Student Book, Collins, AQA ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/178294558X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=178294558X&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=f0dfb66dafcb0c6e9449e7b1a4ae1ac317 ''Moments, page 57, GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/019835939X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=019835939X&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=57e96876985fc39b1a3d8a3e3dc238b6 ''Moments, pages 120-123, 126-127, GCSE Physics; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945970/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945970&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a120d24dcc7cc7a58192069a3aafc1d2 ''Moments, pages 165, 166, GCSE Physics; The Complete 9-1 Course for AQA, CGP, AQA ''] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====Edexcel==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120223/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120223&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=068ecf40278c32406a7f1c6e66751417 ''Moments, page 136, GCSE Physics, Pearson Edexcel ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945733/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945733&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=2a2dbec9db6bf5766c0458d908fa0a52 ''Moments, page 68, GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948163/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948163&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=0fdbfd5dd397d6e24a9dfb250f08587f ''Moments, pages 211-213, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel ''] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====OCR==== | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359837/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359837&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3c4229e8b023b2b60768e7ea2307cc6f ''Moment (turning effect), pages 84-85, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945687/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945687&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9a598e52189317a20311d7a632747bc9 ''Moments, pages 38, 39, Gateway GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR ''] |
Latest revision as of 06:28, 15 December 2019
Contents
Key Stage 3
Meaning
A moment is the turning effect of a force.
About Moments
- When a force acts on an object with a pivot it becomes a turning force called a moment.
- A moment can be calculated by multiplying a force by the distance from a pivot.
- The units of a moment are Newton Metres (Nm).
- Moments can be used to make Force Multipliers using a pivot and lever.
- The longer the lever, the larger the moment that can be produced.
Using moments an effort can be used to lift a load. If the pivot is closer to the load than the effort then the force of effort can be smaller than the load to lift the object. |
Equation
Moment = Force x Perpendicular distance from the pivot.
\(M = F \times d\)
Where:
- M = Moment
- F = Force
- d = Perpendicular distance from the pivot.
Example Calculations
A 20N force of effort is applied at a perpendicular distance of 0.15m from the pivot. Calculate the Moment. | A 20N force of effort is applied at a perpendicular distance of 14cm from the pivot. Calculate the Moment. | A 20N force of effort is applied at a perpendicular distance of 100mm from the pivot. Calculate the Moment. |
Force = 20N Perpendicular distance = 0.15m \(M = F \times d\) \(M = 20 \times 0.15\) \(M = 3.0Nm\) |
Force = 20N Perpendicular distance = 14cm = 0.14m \(M = F \times d\) \(M = 20 \times 0.14\) \(M = 2.8Nm\) |
Force = 20N Perpendicular distance = 100mm = 0.10m \(M = F \times d\) \(M = 20 \times 0.10\) \(M = 2.0Nm\) |
Extra Information
Key Stage 4
Meaning
A moment is the turning effect of a force.
About Moments
- When a force acts on an object with a pivot it becomes a turning force called a moment.
- A moment can be calculated by multiplying a force by the distance from a pivot.
- The units of a moment are Newton Metres (Nm).
- Moments can be used to make Force Multipliers using a pivot and lever.
- The longer the lever, the larger the moment that can be produced.
Using moments an effort can be used to lift a load. If the pivot is closer to the load than the effort then the force of effort can be smaller than the load to lift the object. |
Equation
Moment = Force x Perpendicular distance from the pivot.
\(M = F \times d\)
Where:
- M = Moment
- F = Force
- d = Perpendicular distance from the pivot.
Example Calculations
A hammer is used to pull out a nail from a wall. A 30N force of effort is applied at a perpendicular distance of 0.18m from the pivot. While the nail is 0.02m away from the pivot. Calculate the force applied to the nail at this point. | A hammer is used to pull out a nail from a wall. A 30N force of effort is applied at a perpendicular distance of 19cm from the pivot. While the nail is 4cm away from the pivot. Calculate the force applied to the nail at this point. | A hammer is used to pull out a nail from a wall. A 30N force of effort is applied at a perpendicular distance of 200mm from the pivot. While the nail is 60mm away from the pivot. Calculate the force applied to the nail at this point. |
A 30N force of effort is applied at a perpendicular distance of 0.18m from the pivot. Calculate the Moment. | A 30N force of effort is applied at a perpendicular distance of 19cm from the pivot. Calculate the Moment. | A 30N force of effort is applied at a perpendicular distance of 200mm from the pivot. Calculate the Moment. |
1. State the known quantities
Force = 30N Perpendicular distance between effort and pivot = 0.18m Perpendicular distance between effort and pivot = 0.02m |
1. State the known quantities
Force = 30N Perpendicular distance between effort and pivot = 19cm = 0.19m Perpendicular distance between effort and pivot = 4cm = 0.04m |
1. State the known quantities
Force = 30N Perpendicular distance between effort and pivot = 200mm = 0.200m Perpendicular distance between effort and pivot = 60mm = 0.06m |
2. Find the moment caused by the effort.
\(M = F \times d\) \(M = 30 \times 0.18\) \(M = 5.4Nm\) |
2. Find the moment caused by the effort.
\(M = F \times d\) \(M = 30 \times 0.19\) \(M = 5.7Nm\) |
2. Find the moment caused by the effort.
\(M = F \times d\) \(M = 30 \times 0.20\) \(M = 6.0Nm\) |
3. Calculate the Force applied to the nail from the moment.
Moment = 5.4Nm Perpendicular distance = 0.02m \(M = F \times d\) \(5.4 = F \times 0.02\) \(F = \frac{5.4}{0.02}\) \(F = 270N\) |
3. Calculate the Force applied to the nail from the moment.
Moment = 5.7Nm Perpendicular distance = 4cm = 0.04m \(M = F \times d\) \(5.7 = F \times 0.04\) \(F = \frac{5.7}{0.04}\) \(F = 142.5N\) |
3. Calculate the Force applied to the nail from the moment.
Moment = 6.0Nm Perpendicular distance = 60mm = 0.06m \(M = F \times d\) \(6.0 = F \times 0.06\) \(F = \frac{6.0}{0.06}\) \(F = 100N\) |
References
AQA
- Moment, pages 168-9, GCSE Physics; Student Book, Collins, AQA
- Moments, page 57, GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA
- Moments, pages 120-123, 126-127, GCSE Physics; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA
- Moments, pages 165, 166, GCSE Physics; The Complete 9-1 Course for AQA, CGP, AQA
Edexcel
- Moments, page 136, GCSE Physics, Pearson Edexcel
- Moments, page 68, GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel
- Moments, pages 211-213, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel