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Created page with "==Key Stage 4== ===Meaning=== Investigate the relationship between the colour and reflectivity of a surface with the intensity of Infra-red emission. ===Exper..."
==Key Stage 4==
===Meaning===
Investigate the relationship between the [[colour]] and [[reflectivity]] of a surface with the intensity of [[Infra-red]] [[emission]].
===Experiment 1: Leslie Cube===
====Variables====
: [[Independent Variable]]: The [[colour]] and [[reflectivity]] of each surface on the [[Leslie Cube|Leslie cube]].
: [[Dependent Variable]]: The [[temperature]] [[measure]]d using an [[Infra-red Thermometer|infra-red thermometer]].
: [[Control Variable]]s: The [[Volume (Space)|volume]] of the [[water]] in the [[Leslie Cube|Leslie cube]]. The [[temperature]] of the [[water]]. The distance between the [[Infra-red Thermometer|infra-red thermometer]] and the [[Leslie Cube|Leslie cube]].
====Method====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[File:RequiredPracticalLeslieCube1.png|center|200px]]
|[[File:RequiredPracticalLeslieCube2.png|center|200px]]
|[[File:RequiredPracticalLeslieCube3.png|center|200px]]
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" colspan = "3"|A [[diagram]] showing several sides of a [[Leslie Cube|Leslie cube]].
|}
#Pour hot [[water]] into the [[Leslie Cube|Leslie cube]] until it is full.
#Use a [[ruler]] to [[measure]] 10cm from one surface of the [[Leslie Cube|Leslie cube]].
#Use an [[Infra-red Thermometer|infra-red thermometer]] to [[measure]] the apparent [[temperature]] of the surface.
#Record the apparent [[temperature]] and the [[colour]]/[[reflectivity]] of the surface.
#Repeat for each of the 4 different surfaces of the [[Leslie Cube|Leslie cube]].
====Improving [[Accuracy]]====
: Complete the [[temperature]] [[reading]]s very quickly to reduce the reduction in [[temperature]] of the [[water]] in the [[Leslie Cube|Leslie cube]].
: Place the [[Leslie Cube|Leslie cube]] on a [[Heatproof Mat|heatproof mat]] to reduce the reduction in [[temperature]] of the [[water]] in the [[Leslie Cube|Leslie cube]].
====Improving [[Precision]]====
: Use an [[Infra-red Thermometer|infra-red thermometer]] with a greater [[resolution]].
===Experiment 1: Painted Cans===
====Variables====
: [[Independent Variable]]: The [[colour]] and [[reflectivity]] of each surface on the cans.
: [[Dependent Variable]]: The [[temperature]] change of the [[water]] after a given time.
: [[Control Variable]]s: The [[Volume (Space)|volume]] of the [[water]] in each can. The [[temperature]] of the [[water]] at the start of the [[experiment]]. The shape and size of the cans.
====Method====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[File:RequiredPracticalIR1.png|center|600px]]
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;"|A [[diagram]] showing the cans used in this [[experiment]].
|}
#Set up the [[apparatus]] as shown in the [[diagram]].
#[[Measure]] 300ml of hot [[water]] (around 50°C) in a [[Measuring Cylinder]].
#Pour the hot [[water]] into one of the cans.
#Wait until the [[temperature]] falls to 40°C and then start the [[stopwatch]].
#Record the [[temperature]] of the [[water]] every 30 seconds for 5 minutes.
#Repeat steps 2-5 for each different [[colour]]/[[reflectivity]] of can.
====Improving [[Accuracy]]====
: Place the cans on a [[Heatproof Mat|heatproof mat]] to reduce the [[Thermal Energy Store|thermal energy]] lost to the table surface by [[Thermal Conduction|conduction]].
: Place a lid over the cans to reduce the [[Thermal Energy Store|thermal energy]] lost to the [[air]] by [[evaporation]].
: Complete the experiments with different cans simultaneously so that a change in the [[temperature]] of the [[laboratory]] does not affect the [[results]].
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[File:RequiredPracticalIR2.png|center|600px]]
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;"|A [[diagram]] including [[apparatus]] used improve the [[accuracy]] of an [[experiment]] to compare the effectiveness of different [[Thermal Insulator|thermal insulators]].
|}
====Improving [[Precision]]====
: Use a [[thermometer]] with a higher [[resolution]].
: Use a [[Data Logger|data logger]] rather than a [[thermometer]].
===Meaning===
Investigate the relationship between the [[colour]] and [[reflectivity]] of a surface with the intensity of [[Infra-red]] [[emission]].
===Experiment 1: Leslie Cube===
====Variables====
: [[Independent Variable]]: The [[colour]] and [[reflectivity]] of each surface on the [[Leslie Cube|Leslie cube]].
: [[Dependent Variable]]: The [[temperature]] [[measure]]d using an [[Infra-red Thermometer|infra-red thermometer]].
: [[Control Variable]]s: The [[Volume (Space)|volume]] of the [[water]] in the [[Leslie Cube|Leslie cube]]. The [[temperature]] of the [[water]]. The distance between the [[Infra-red Thermometer|infra-red thermometer]] and the [[Leslie Cube|Leslie cube]].
====Method====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[File:RequiredPracticalLeslieCube1.png|center|200px]]
|[[File:RequiredPracticalLeslieCube2.png|center|200px]]
|[[File:RequiredPracticalLeslieCube3.png|center|200px]]
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" colspan = "3"|A [[diagram]] showing several sides of a [[Leslie Cube|Leslie cube]].
|}
#Pour hot [[water]] into the [[Leslie Cube|Leslie cube]] until it is full.
#Use a [[ruler]] to [[measure]] 10cm from one surface of the [[Leslie Cube|Leslie cube]].
#Use an [[Infra-red Thermometer|infra-red thermometer]] to [[measure]] the apparent [[temperature]] of the surface.
#Record the apparent [[temperature]] and the [[colour]]/[[reflectivity]] of the surface.
#Repeat for each of the 4 different surfaces of the [[Leslie Cube|Leslie cube]].
====Improving [[Accuracy]]====
: Complete the [[temperature]] [[reading]]s very quickly to reduce the reduction in [[temperature]] of the [[water]] in the [[Leslie Cube|Leslie cube]].
: Place the [[Leslie Cube|Leslie cube]] on a [[Heatproof Mat|heatproof mat]] to reduce the reduction in [[temperature]] of the [[water]] in the [[Leslie Cube|Leslie cube]].
====Improving [[Precision]]====
: Use an [[Infra-red Thermometer|infra-red thermometer]] with a greater [[resolution]].
===Experiment 1: Painted Cans===
====Variables====
: [[Independent Variable]]: The [[colour]] and [[reflectivity]] of each surface on the cans.
: [[Dependent Variable]]: The [[temperature]] change of the [[water]] after a given time.
: [[Control Variable]]s: The [[Volume (Space)|volume]] of the [[water]] in each can. The [[temperature]] of the [[water]] at the start of the [[experiment]]. The shape and size of the cans.
====Method====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[File:RequiredPracticalIR1.png|center|600px]]
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;"|A [[diagram]] showing the cans used in this [[experiment]].
|}
#Set up the [[apparatus]] as shown in the [[diagram]].
#[[Measure]] 300ml of hot [[water]] (around 50°C) in a [[Measuring Cylinder]].
#Pour the hot [[water]] into one of the cans.
#Wait until the [[temperature]] falls to 40°C and then start the [[stopwatch]].
#Record the [[temperature]] of the [[water]] every 30 seconds for 5 minutes.
#Repeat steps 2-5 for each different [[colour]]/[[reflectivity]] of can.
====Improving [[Accuracy]]====
: Place the cans on a [[Heatproof Mat|heatproof mat]] to reduce the [[Thermal Energy Store|thermal energy]] lost to the table surface by [[Thermal Conduction|conduction]].
: Place a lid over the cans to reduce the [[Thermal Energy Store|thermal energy]] lost to the [[air]] by [[evaporation]].
: Complete the experiments with different cans simultaneously so that a change in the [[temperature]] of the [[laboratory]] does not affect the [[results]].
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[File:RequiredPracticalIR2.png|center|600px]]
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;"|A [[diagram]] including [[apparatus]] used improve the [[accuracy]] of an [[experiment]] to compare the effectiveness of different [[Thermal Insulator|thermal insulators]].
|}
====Improving [[Precision]]====
: Use a [[thermometer]] with a higher [[resolution]].
: Use a [[Data Logger|data logger]] rather than a [[thermometer]].