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[[Main Page]] - [[Science Subject]] - [[Science Key Stage 4]] - [[Biology Key Stage 4]]
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| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" |[[GCSE Biology Exam Papers]]
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|[[File:CellsLogoIconCellBiology.png|center|200px|link=KS4 Biology Cell Biology]]|[[File:OrganisationLogoIconTransportSystems.png|center|200px|link=KS4 Biology OrganisationTransport Systems]]|[[File:HealthDiseaseandtheDevelopmentofMedicineLogoIconHealthDiseaseandtheDevelopmentofMedicine.png|center|200px|link=KS4 Biology Health, Disease and the Development of MedicinesMedicine]]
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|[[File:CoordinationandControlLogoIconCoordinationandControl.png|center|200px|link=KS4 Biology Coordination and Control]]|[[File:PhotosynthesisLogoIconPhotosynthesis.png|center|200px|link=KS4 Biology Photosynthesis]]|[[File:EcosystemsLogoIconEcosystems.png|center|200px|link=KS4 Biology Ecosystems]]
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|[[File:EvolutionInheritanceandVariationLogoIconInheritanceVariationandEvolution.png|center|200px|link=KS4 Biology EvolutionInheritance, Inheritance Variation and VariationEvolution]]
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==Cell Biology==
===Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells=======[[Prokaryotic Cell (Biology)|Cells]]s====*[[Bacteria]]*[[Archae]]=====[[Organelle]]s=====*[[Loop of DNA]]*[[Plasmid]]s*[[Ribosome]]s*[[Cell Membrane]]*[[Bacterial Cell Wall]]*[[Flagellum]]====[[Eukaryotic Cell]]s====
*[[Animal Cell]]
**[[Specialised Animal Cell]]**[[Stem Cell]]s
*[[Plant Cell]]
**[[Specialised Plant Cell]]**[[Meristem]]s
*[[Fungal Cell]]
*[[Protist]]
=====Cell Structure[[Organelle]]s=====*[[Cytoplasm]]
*[[Cell Membrane]]
*[[Cell Wall]]
*[[Ribosome]]*[[Organelle]]s**[[Nucleus]]**[[Mitochondrion]]**[[Chloroplast]]**[[Permanent Vacuole]]**[[Flagellum]] ====[[Prokaryotic Cell]]====*[[Bacteria]]=====Cell Structure=====*[[Cytoplasm]]*[[Cell Membrane]]*[[Bacterial Cell Wall]]*[[Slime Capsule]]
*[[Flagellum]]
=====[[Membrane Bound Organelle]]s=====*[[Cell Nucleus|Nucleus]]*[[Loop of DNAMitochondria]]*[[PlasmidChloroplast]]s*[[Permanent Vacuole]]====Microscopes====*[[Light Microscope]]*[[Electron Microscope]]====[[Culturing Micro-organisms]]====*[[RibosomeAseptic Technique]]
===Growth and development of cells===
====[[Cell Cycle]]====
*[[Interphase]]
*[[Mitosis]]
*[[Cytokinesis]]
====[[Cell DivisionDifferentiation]]====*[[Mitosis]]*[[Meiosis]]
*[[Stem Cell]]s
**[[Differentiation (Biology)|DifferentiationEmbryonic Stem Cell]]s ===Observing Cells===**[[Light MicroscopeAdult Stem Cell]]s**[[Electron MicroscopeMeristem]]====[[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Using a MicroscopeMeiosis]] ===Transport in Cells===*[[Exchange SurfaceGamete]]s*[[OsmosisChromosome]]*[[Active Transport]][[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Osmosis in Plant TissueHaploid]]
===Cell Metabolism=======[[Enzyme]]s====*[[Active Site]]
*[[Enzyme#pH and Enzymes|pH and Enzymes]]
*[[Enzyme#Temperature and Enzymes|Temperature and Enzymes]]
*[[Enzyme#Denaturation|Denaturing Enzymes]]
[[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Enzyme Rates of Reaction]]
====[[Respiration]]====**[[Aerobic Respiration]]**[[Anaerobic Respiration]]====Nutrients====*[[Exercise#Exercise and Respiration|Exercise and RespirationCarbohydrate]]s**[[Lactic AcidMonosaccharide|Simple Sugar]]s ===Key Biological Molecules===**[[Polysaccharide|Complex Carbohydrate]]s
*[[Protein]]
**[[Nucleic Amino Acid]]s*[[Lipid]]s**[[Fatty Acid]]s**[[Glycerol]]
==OrganisationTransport systems=====Transport in cells===*[[Cell (Biology)|CellsDiffusion]]**[[TissueExchange Surface]]s*[[OrganOsmosis]][[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Osmosis in Plant Tissue]]s*[[Organ SystemActive Transport]]s
===Organ Systems Transport systems in Animalsmulticellular organisms===*[[Exchange Surface]]*[[Surface Area to Volume Ratio]]
====[[Digestive System]]====
*[[Mouth]]
[[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Food Tests]]
===Human circulatory system===*[[Circulatory System]]====
*[[Heart]]
**[[Atrium]]
*[[Diaphragm]]
===Organ Systems Transport systems in Plantsplants=======Transport System====*[[Root Hair Cell]]s
*[[Xylem Tissue]]
**[[Transpiration]]
**[[Translocation]]
==Health, Disease disease and the Development development of Medicinesmedicines=====Health and Disease===*[[Health]]======*[[Disease]]=======[[Communicable Disease|Communicable diseases]]s====
*[[Pathogen]]s
**[[Pathogenic Bacteria]]
***[[Tobacco Mosaic Virus]]
====[[Culturing Human Defences Against Micro-organismsOrganism]]s====*[[Immune System]]*[[White Blood Cell]]s**[[Phagocyte]]**[[Lymphocyte]]**[[Antibody]] ''Higher''*''[[Monoclonal Antibody]]''**''[[Hybridoma]]''**''[[Antigen]]'' ====[[Plant Disease]]s====*[[Aseptic TechniquePlant Deficiency Disease]]s*[[AntisepticRose Blackspot]]*[[AntibioticTobacco Mosaic Virus]] ====[[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Effects of Disinfectants and AntibioticsPlant Defences Against Micro-Organism]]s====
===[[Communicable Disease#Communication of Disease|Communication of Disease]]Treating, curing and preventing disease===
====[[Preventing Infection]]====
*[[Hygiene]]
*[[Vaccination]]
*[[Quarantine]]
===[[Non-communicable Disease]]s===*[[Cancer]]*[[Coronary Heart Disease]]*[[Diabetes]]====[[Risk Factor|Risk Factors in Disease]]====*[[Smoking]]*[[Alcohol (Drug)|Alcohol]]*[[Obesity]]*[[Ionising Radiation]]*[[Pollution#Pollution and Disease|Pollution]] ====Reducing Chances of Disease====*[[Exercise]]*[[Balanced Diet]] ===[[Human Defences Against Micro-Organism]]s======[[Immune System]]===*[[White Blood Cell]]s**[[Phagocyte]]**[[Lymphocyte]]***[[Antibody]] ===[[Medicine]]=======[[Drug]]Treating infection====
*[[Antibiotic]]
*[[Antibacterial Medicine]]
*[[Antifungal Medicine]]
*[[Antiviral Medicine]]
====[[Medicine#Medicine Development|Medicine Development]]====
*[[Double Blind Trial]]
===Non-communicable diseases in humans===*[[Non-communicable Disease]]**[[Cancer]]**[[Coronary Heart Disease]]***[[Stent]]***[[Pacemaker]]***[[Coronary Bypass]]**[[Diabetes]]***[[Type 2 Diabetes]]====[[Plant Risk Factor|Risk Factors in Disease]]s====*[[Plant Deficiency DiseaseSmoking]]*[[Alcohol (Drug)|Alcohol]]*[[Obesity]]s*[[Rose BlackspotIonising Radiation]]*[[Tobacco Mosaic VirusPollution#Pollution and Disease|Pollution]]
====Reducing Chances of Disease====*[[Exercise]]*[[Plant Defences Against Micro-OrganismBalanced Diet]]s===
==Coordination and Controlcontrol=====Nervous coordination and control in humans===
===[[Nervous System]]===
*[[Central Nervous System]]
**[[Action Potential]]
*[[Sensory Organ]]s
**[[Eye]]
***[[Eye#Defects of the Eye|Defects of the Eye]]
*[[Endocrine Gland]]
**[[Pituitary Gland]]
**[[Testis]]
*[[Hormone]]s
**''[[Adrenalin]]- Higher''**''[[Anti-diuretic Hormone]]- Higher''
**[[Glucagon]]
**[[Insulin]]
**[[Human Growth Hormone]]s
**[[Control Hormone]]s
**''[[Thyroxine]]- Higher''
**[[Testosterone]]
**[[Oestrogen]]
**''[[Progesterone]]- Higher''**''[[Follicle Stimulating Hormone]]- Higher''**''[[Luteinising Hormone]]- Higher''
*[[Target Organ]]
*''[[Negative Feedback]] - Higher''
*[[Reproductive Hormone]]s
**[[Testosterone]]
**[[Oestrogen]]
**''[[Follicle Stimulating Hormone]]- Higher''**''[[Luteinising Hormone]]- Higher''**''[[Progesterone]]- Higher''
*[[Menstrual Cycle]]
*[[Contraception]]
**[[In Vitro Fertilisation|IVF]]
===Plant Hormones===*[[Plant Hormone]]s**[[Auxin]]**''[[Gibberellin]] - Higher''**''[[Ethene#Ethene as a Plant Hormone|Ethene]] - Higher''*[[Tropic Response]]s**[[Phototropism]]**[[Gravitropism]][[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Tropic Effects on Seedling Growth]] ===Homeostasis in Humans=======[[Negative Feedback]]========[[Homeostasis]]====
*[[Osmoregulation]]
**''[[Anti-diuretic Hormone]]- Higher''
**[[Kidney]]s
***[[Nephron]]s
**[[Urine]]
**[[Urea]]
**[[Dialysis]]
*[[Thermoregulation]]
**[[Skin]]
***[[Vasodilation]]
***[[Vasoconstriction]]
*[[Blood Glucose Regulation]]
**[[Insulin]]
**''[[Glucagon]]- Higher''
**[[Glycogen]]
**[[Diabetes]]
***[[Type 1 Diabetes]]
***[[Type 2 Diabetes]]
==[[Photosynthesis]]=====Importance of photosynthesis===*[[Photosynthesis]]*[[Photosynthesis#Factors Affecting the Rate of Photosynthesis|Factors Affecting the Rate of Photosynthesis]]=== ===*[[Leaf|Adaptations for Photosynthesis]]===
[[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Factors Affecting the Rate of Photosynthesis]]
==[[Ecosystem]]sEcosystems=====[[Trophic Level]]sLevels of organisation within an ecosystem===*[[Food ChainOrganism]]*[[Food WebPopulation]]*[[BiomassBiological Community]]**[[Pyramid of BiomassHabitat]] ===*[[Environmental FactorsEcosystem]]===
*[[Abiotic Environmental Factors]]
*[[Biotic Environmental Factors]]
*[[Competition (Biology)|Competition]]
*[[GCSE Interdependence (Biology Required Practical: Decay )|Interdependence]]*[[Survival of Organic Materialthe Fittest]]
===Material CyclingThe principle of material cycling===
*[[Water Cycle]]
*[[Carbon Cycle]]
*[[Nitrogen Cycle]]
*[[Decompose (Biology)|Decomposition]]
**[[Decomposer]]s
===Pyramids of biomass and transfer through trophic levels=======[[AdaptationTrophic Level]]s====*[[HabitatFood Chain]]*[[Survival Food Web]]*[[Biomass]]**[[Pyramid of the FittestBiomass]]
===Biodiversity===*[[Biodiversity]]===
*[[Classification Key]]
*[[Sampling (Biology)|Sampling]]
**[[Transect]]
[[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Measuring Population in a Habitat]]
===Human Effect on Ecosystems===
*[[Nature Reserves]]
**[[Deforestation]]
**[[Global Warming]]
===Some of the biological challenges of increasing food yields using fewer resources===
*[[Food Production]]
==EvolutionInheritance, Inheritance variation and Variationevolution=====Reproduction===*[[Reproduction]]*[[Asexual Reproduction]]**[[Mitosis]]*[[Sexual Reproduction]]**[[Meiosis]]***[[Gamete]]***[[Haploid]]***[[Diploid]]*[[GeneticsMutation]] ===The genome and gene expression===*====[[Gregor Mendel|MendelGenetics]]====
*[[Genome]]
====[[Genotype]]====
*[[DNA]]
**[[Nucleotide]]
**[[Gene]]
***''[[Gene Expression]]- Higher''***''[[Protein Synthesis]]- Higher''**''[[Coding DNA]] - Higher''**''[[Non-coding DNA]] - Higher''
*[[Chromosome]]
===[[Genotype]]===*[[Sex DeterminationPhenotype]] ===[[Phenotype]]===
*[[Gene]]
*[[Allele]]
**[[Heterozygous]]
===[[Variation]]Inheritance======*[[Inheritance]]===
*[[Punnett Square]]
*[[Genetic Cross Diagram]]
*[[Pedigree Chart]]
*[[Inherited Disorder]]
**[[Polydactyly]]
**[[Sickle Cell Anemia]]
**[[Cystic Fibrosis]]
===Variation and evolution===*[[Evolution by Natural SelectionVariation]]===
*[[Evolution by Natural Selection#Development of the Theory of Evolution|Development of the Theory of Evolution]]
*[[Speciation]]
*[[Charles Darwin]]
*[[Natural Selection]]
*[[Speciation]]
*[[Evolution by Natural Selection#Evidence for Evolution|Evidence for Evolution]]
**[[Antibiotic Resistance]]
====[[Biological Classification|Classification]]====
*[[Linnaeus Classification System]]
**[[Binomial Classification]]
*[[Three Domain System]]
===Selective breeding and gene technology===*[[Selective Breeding]]*[[Genetic Engineering]]===**[[Cloning]]**[[Genetically Modified Organism]]***''[[Golden Rice]] - Higher''***''[[Insulin Production]] - Higher''