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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |When [[light]] enters a new [[medium]] it changes direction.
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Light]] is [[Refraction|refracted]] as it passes from one [[medium]] into another.
|}
==Key Stage 4 Foundation==
===Meaning===
A [[Ray Diagram]] is a way to represent how [[light]] is affected by the interface between to [[medium|media]].
===About Ray Diagrams===
: A [[Ray Diagram]] shows how light rays travel in straight lines.
[[Ray Diagram]]s can be used to show:
*[[Diffuse Reflection]] - How we see objects.
*[[Specular Reflection]] - How we see images in shiny surfaces.
*[[Refraction]] - When [[light]] changes direction as it enters a new [[medium]].
====Diffuse Reflection====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[File:LightBulbTableMan.png|center|300px]]
|[[File:DiffuseReflectionDiagram.png|center|300px]]
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Diffuse Reflection]] allows us to see [[object]]s as the [[light]] from a [[light]] source bounces off a surface into our [[eyes]].
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Diffuse Reflection]] happens from a rough surface.
|}
====Specular Reflection====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[File:SpecularReflectionDiagram.png|center|300px]]
|[[File:ReflectionDiagram.png|center|300px]]
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Specular Reflection]] happens from a smooth surface.
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Specular Reflection]] from a [[mirror]] can be seen to follow the [[Law of Reflection]].
|}
====Refraction At a Flat Interface====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[File:LightRefraction1.png|center|300px]]
|[[File:RefractionGlassBlock.png|center|300px]]
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |When [[light]] enters a new [[medium]] it changes direction.
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Light]] is [[Refraction|refracted]] as it passes from one [[medium]] into another.
|}
====Refraction At a Curved Interface====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[File:ConvexRayDiagram1.png|center|600px]]
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |A [[Ray Diagram|ray diagram]] for a '''convex [[lens]]'''.
In this [[diagram]]:
"Ray 1" is shown crossing the [[Focal Point|focal point]] of the [[lens]] after being [[refract]]ed.
"Ray 2" is shown passing through the centre of the [[lens]].
"Ray 3" is shown crossing the [[Focal Point|focal point]] before the [[lens]].
The [[diagram]] shows that a [[diminish]]ed [[Real Image|real image]] is produced when the [[Object Distance|object distance]] is greater than the [[Focal Length|focal length]] of the '''convex [[lens]]'''.
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[File:ConvexRayDiagram1.png|center|300px]]
|[[File:ConvexRayDiagram2.png|center|300px]]
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" colspan = "2" |Comparing these two [[diagram]]s shows that the [[image]] size increases as the [[Object Distance|object distance]] approaches the [[Focal Length|focal length]] of the [[lens]].
|}
==Key Stage 4 Higher==
===Meaning===
A [[Ray Diagram]] is a way to represent how [[light]] is affected by the interface between to [[medium|media]].
===About Ray Diagrams===
: A [[Ray Diagram]] shows how light rays travel in straight lines.
[[Ray Diagram]]s can be used to show:
*[[Diffuse Reflection]] - How we see objects.
*[[Specular Reflection]] - How we see images in shiny surfaces.
*[[Refraction]] - When [[light]] changes direction as it enters a new [[medium]].
====Diffuse Reflection====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[File:LightBulbTableMan.png|center|300px]]
|[[File:DiffuseReflectionDiagram.png|center|300px]]
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Diffuse Reflection]] allows us to see [[object]]s as the [[light]] from a [[light]] source bounces off a surface into our [[eyes]].
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Diffuse Reflection]] happens from a rough surface.
|}
====Specular Reflection====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[File:SpecularReflectionDiagram.png|center|300px]]
|[[File:ReflectionDiagram.png|center|300px]]
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Specular Reflection]] happens from a smooth surface.
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Specular Reflection]] from a [[mirror]] can be seen to follow the [[Law of Reflection]].
|}
====Refraction At a Flat Interface====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[File:LightRefraction1.png|center|300px]]
|[[File:RefractionGlassBlock.png|center|300px]]
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |When [[light]] enters a new [[medium]] it changes direction.
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Light]] is [[Refraction|refracted]] as it passes from one [[medium]] into another.
|}
====Refraction At a Curved Interface====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[File:ConvexRayDiagram1.png|center|600px]]
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |A [[Ray Diagram|ray diagram]] for a '''convex [[lens]]'''.
In this [[diagram]]:
"Ray 1" is shown crossing the [[Focal Point|focal point]] of the [[lens]] after being [[refract]]ed.
"Ray 2" is shown passing through the centre of the [[lens]].
"Ray 3" is shown crossing the [[Focal Point|focal point]] before the [[lens]].
The [[diagram]] shows that a [[diminish]]ed [[Real Image|real image]] is produced when the [[Object Distance|object distance]] is greater than the [[Focal Length|focal length]] of the '''convex [[lens]]'''.
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[File:ConvexRayDiagram1.png|center|300px]]
|[[File:ConvexRayDiagram2.png|center|300px]]
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" colspan = "2" |Comparing these two [[diagram]]s shows that the [[image]] size increases as the [[Object Distance|object distance]] approaches the [[Focal Length|focal length]] of the [[lens]].
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[File:ConcaveRayDiagram1.png|center|500px]]
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |A [[Ray Diagram|ray diagram]] for a '''concave [[lens]]'''.
In this [[diagram]]:
"Ray 1" is traced backwards after being [[refract]]ed by the [[lens]].
"Ray 2" is shown passing through the centre of the [[lens]]. This ray is also traced backwards.
The [[diagram]] shows that a [[diminish]]ed [[Virtual Image|virtual image]] is produced at the point that the 'traced' lines from "ray 1" and "ray 2" cross one another.
|}