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Annihilation

1,087 bytes added, 19:11, 19 May 2024
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==Key Stage 5==
===Meaning===
'''Annihilation''' is the process in which [[matter]] and [[antimatter]] interact converting all their [[Rest Mass|rest mass]] into [[energy]] resulting in a pair of two or more [[Gamma Ray-ray|gamma ray]] [[photon]]s being emitted in opposite directions.
===About Annihilation===
: *'''Annihilation''' occurs when [[particle]]s of [[matter]] and [[antimatter]] interact at extremely close range.: *Follows the principle of [[Mass-Energy Equivalence|mass-energy equivalence]] (E=mc²).*Results in the production of [[Gamma-ray|gamma rays]] or other [[Subatomic Particle|particles]]. However, for a-level physics, you only need to consider the special case of 2 [[Gamma-ray|gamma ray]] [[photon]]s being [[emit]]ted.*During '''annihilation''' the total [[Rest Mass|rest mass]] of, as well as their the [[Kinetic Energy|kinetic energy]] results in , of the [[particle]]s before the event is equal to the production total [[energy]] of the products (two [[Gamma Ray-ray|gamma ray]] [[photon]]sin a-level physics) after the event.: *In '''annihilation''' [[Conservation of Momentum|conservation of momentum]] is conserved due to the [[momentum]] of the two [[Gamma Ray-ray|gamma ray]] [[photon]]s travelling in opposite directions. *[[Annihilation]] can occur in high-energy environments such as the vicinity of black holes and in particle accelerators.
===Equation===
Assuming both particles are at rest
 
<math>2E_0 = 2hf</math>
 
Where
 <math>E_0</math> = Rest Mass Energy of each particle. <math>hf</math> = The [[energy]] of one each[[Gamma Ray-ray|gamma ray]] [[photon]] emitted. 
<math>h</math> = [[Planck's Constant]]
 
<math>f</math> = The [[frequency]] of the emitted [[photon]]
 
 
In the special case that one of the particles is in motion
 
<math>2E_0 + E_k = 2hf</math>
 
Where
 
<math>E_k</math> = The [[Kinetic Energy|kinetic energy]] of the particle
 
===Examples===
 
*[[Positron Emission Tomorgraph|Positron emission tomography]] ([[Positron Emission Tomography|PET]]) scans detect [[Gamma-ray|gamma rays]] from [[electron]]-[[positron]] [[annihilation]].
*[[Particle Accelerator|Particle accelerators]] study [[annihilation]] events to understand [[Fundamental Particle|fundamental particles]].