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*[[Pathogenic Bacteria|Bacteria]]
*[[Pathogenic Fungus|Fungi]]
*[[ProtozoanPathogenic Protist|Protists]]
*[[Virus]]
*Bodily Fluids
*Vectors
*Food
====Airborne====
: Some [[pathogen]]s can be spread through the [[air]]. For instance when we sneeze some [[virus]]es spread in tiny [[water]] droplets that float through the [[air]] to be [[breath]]ed in by another [[organism]].
: Airborne [[pathogen]]s are the most easily spread so they present the greatest challenge in ensuring [[hygienic]] surroundings. In these instances [[quarantine]] is the best procedure.
====Physical Contact====
: Some [[pathogen]]s can only be spread by physical contact between two surfaces. These could be spread by shaking the hand of an [[Infection|infected]] person or touching a surface that they have touched, such as a door handle.
: [[Pathogen]]s spread by physical contact can be reduced by wearing gloves and by cleaning surfaces regularly; including door handles and taps and hand rails.
====Waterborne====
: Some [[pathogen]]s survive in [[water]]. Drinking this contaminated water can lead to [[infection]].
: [[Pathogen]]s spread by [[water]] can be removed by [[Sterilise|sterilising]] the [[water]]. This can be with [[chlorine]], found in our drinking [[water]] or by [[boiling]] the [[water]] to kill the [[pathogen]]s.
====Body Fluids====
: Some [[pathogen]]s can be spread from one person to another through a body fluid including [[blood]] and [[mucus]].
: [[Pathogen]]s spread by body fluids can be prevented by avoiding contact that might spread body fluids.
: [[Sexually Transmitted Infection|Sexually transmitted infections]] can be prevented by using a [[condom]] or other barrier between fluids.
====Vectors====
: Some [[pathogen]]s are spread by [[animal]]s which spread the [[infection]] between [[organism]]s but those [[animal]]s do not get ill themselves, they are only [[carrier]]s.
: These [[pathogen]]s can be stopped by preventing those [[animal]]s coming into contact with the [[organism]]. This can be done with a physical barrier, such as a mosquito net to protect against [[malaria]] or by killing the [[animal]]s that carry the [[pathogen]].
====Food====
: Some [[pathogen]]s are spread in food and will [[Infection|infect]] an [[organism]] if eaten.
: To prevent this food must be cooked at a [[temperature]] high enough to kill any dangerous [[micro-organism]]s in the food. Hands and surfaces should also be cleaned after coming into contact with raw meat.
===References===
====AQA====
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359373/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359373&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=952a73bbb09d222ecc4b50d200679849 ''Communicable (infectious) diseases, pages 74-97, GCSE Biology; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945563/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945563&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9a1d023a374038e6072f33c4f3cf808b ''Communicable diseases, page 39, 46, GCSE Biology; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851354/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851354&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9012a0d354024419214fb3ad5ac44ba0 ''Communicable diseases, page 79, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 1, Hodder, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945954/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945954&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=100574c08fbbb64318256eb79ed61a76 ''Communicable diseases, pages 101, 130, GCSE Biology, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945598/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945598&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ad276ad49df77ab4b40ab4fd0fe09790 ''Communicable diseases, pages 35, 42, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851338/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851338&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=425855d5890466e47189e1c21b67a1ea ''Communicable diseases, pages 78-85, 103-4, GCSE Biology, Hodder, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782946381/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782946381&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=5ec5fc3f6429e30c1d9ab9bca2bccf93 ''Communicable diseases, pages 95, 124, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Biology, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851354/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851354&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9012a0d354024419214fb3ad5ac44ba0 ''Communicable diseases; bacterial, page, 82, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 1, Hodder, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851354/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851354&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9012a0d354024419214fb3ad5ac44ba0 ''Communicable diseases; fungal, page 83, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 1, Hodder, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851354/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851354&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9012a0d354024419214fb3ad5ac44ba0 ''Communicable diseases; human defence systems, pages 84-7, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 1, Hodder, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851354/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851354&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9012a0d354024419214fb3ad5ac44ba0 ''Communicable diseases; Protist, page 84, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 1, Hodder, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851354/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851354&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9012a0d354024419214fb3ad5ac44ba0 ''Communicable diseases; spread of pathogens, page 80, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 1, Hodder, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851354/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851354&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9012a0d354024419214fb3ad5ac44ba0 ''Communicable diseases; viral, pages 80-1, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 1, Hodder, AQA '']
====Edexcel====
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945741/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945741&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=30da4f2178da182547b62a7329d13b57 ''Communicable diseases, page 39, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782946748/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782946748&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a4f0348fc37d0ba1bb52d27f8679581f ''Communicable diseases, page 55, GCSE Biology; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120193/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120193&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=572df39392fb4200db8391d98ae6314e ''Communicable diseases, page 69, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120207/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120207&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=22455ff53961978667722edaa64c0be5 ''Communicable diseases, page 97, GCSE Biology, Pearson, Edexcel '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948120/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948120&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=dedef775c6a43dbb0a609441525adac0 ''Communicable diseases, pages 152-157, GCSE Biology, CGP, Edexcel '']
====OCR====
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359810/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359810&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=d768d99f1a06f7c12fab40e5aef85a55 ''Communicable disease, pages 208-215, Gateway GCSE Biology, Oxford, OCR '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945695/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945695&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ceafcc80bcad6b6754ee97a0c7ceea53 ''Communicable diseases, pages 67-70, Gateway GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945660/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945660&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=83aa4500ad7759e7f401a1c5ba5df758 ''Communicable diseases, pages 91-93, Gateway GCSE Biology; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR '']