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Created page with "==Key Stage 4== ===Meaning=== Genetic Engineering is the process of directly altering the DNA of an organism. ===About Genetic Engineering=== : In '''genetic engi..."
==Key Stage 4==
===Meaning===
[[Genetic Engineering]] is the process of directly altering the [[DNA]] of an [[organism]].
===About Genetic Engineering===
: In '''genetic engineering''' [[gene]]s which [[Coding DNA|code]] for the [[Protein Synthesis|synthesis]] of a specific [[protein]] can be taken from one [[organims]] and inserted into the [[DNA]] of another [[organism]].
: To '''genetically engineer''' an [[organism]] a [[gene]] is cut from the [[DNA]] of another [[organism]] using a special [[enzyme]]. The [[DNA]] of the recipient [[organism]] is then cut, the new [[gene]] is inserted and then another [[enzyme]] is used to stick the [[DNA]] back together with the new [[gene]] inside it. The [[organism]] is then encouraged to [[Reproduction|reproduce]].
: '''Genetic engineering''' can be done within a single generation. It can also introduce characteristics to an [[organism]] which are unlikely to have been able to [[Evolution by Natural Selection|evolve]] naturally.
===Examples===
*Insulin Production - Many people suffer from [[Diabete]]s and formerly the only way to get [[insulin]] was to drain the [[pancreas]] of dead pigs.
The [[gene]] which [[Coding DNA|codes]] for the [[Protein Synthesis|synthesis]] of [[insulin]] can be removed from a [[human]] [[Cell (Biology)|cell]]. This [[gene]] is then inserted into the [[plasmid]] of a [[bacteria]]. The [[bacteria]] is then encouraged to [[Reproduction|reproduce]]. This new colony of [[bacteria]] [[Protein Synthesis|synthesise]] [[insulin]].
*Golden Rice - Many people in emerging economies have diets which are poor in vitamin A. This can lead to blindness. The [[plant]] [[gene]] which [[Protein Synthesis|synthesises]] vitamin A is removed form one [[organism]] and inserted into the [[Cell (Biology)|cells]] of a young rice [[plant]]. This [[plant]] will then produce vitamin A preventing thousands of children from going blind every year.
===Meaning===
[[Genetic Engineering]] is the process of directly altering the [[DNA]] of an [[organism]].
===About Genetic Engineering===
: In '''genetic engineering''' [[gene]]s which [[Coding DNA|code]] for the [[Protein Synthesis|synthesis]] of a specific [[protein]] can be taken from one [[organims]] and inserted into the [[DNA]] of another [[organism]].
: To '''genetically engineer''' an [[organism]] a [[gene]] is cut from the [[DNA]] of another [[organism]] using a special [[enzyme]]. The [[DNA]] of the recipient [[organism]] is then cut, the new [[gene]] is inserted and then another [[enzyme]] is used to stick the [[DNA]] back together with the new [[gene]] inside it. The [[organism]] is then encouraged to [[Reproduction|reproduce]].
: '''Genetic engineering''' can be done within a single generation. It can also introduce characteristics to an [[organism]] which are unlikely to have been able to [[Evolution by Natural Selection|evolve]] naturally.
===Examples===
*Insulin Production - Many people suffer from [[Diabete]]s and formerly the only way to get [[insulin]] was to drain the [[pancreas]] of dead pigs.
The [[gene]] which [[Coding DNA|codes]] for the [[Protein Synthesis|synthesis]] of [[insulin]] can be removed from a [[human]] [[Cell (Biology)|cell]]. This [[gene]] is then inserted into the [[plasmid]] of a [[bacteria]]. The [[bacteria]] is then encouraged to [[Reproduction|reproduce]]. This new colony of [[bacteria]] [[Protein Synthesis|synthesise]] [[insulin]].
*Golden Rice - Many people in emerging economies have diets which are poor in vitamin A. This can lead to blindness. The [[plant]] [[gene]] which [[Protein Synthesis|synthesises]] vitamin A is removed form one [[organism]] and inserted into the [[Cell (Biology)|cells]] of a young rice [[plant]]. This [[plant]] will then produce vitamin A preventing thousands of children from going blind every year.