Open main menu
Key Stage Wiki β

Changes

Alcohol

4,476 bytes added, 10:23, 30 November 2019
no edit summary
==Key Stage 4==
===Meaning===
'''Alcohols''' are [[Organic Compound|organic compounds]] containing an OH group attached to a [[Carbon]] chain and the [[General Formula (Chemistry)|general formula]]; C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n+1</sub>OH. The term '''alcohol''' may also be used to refer to one particular type of [[alcohol]] called [[ethanol]] which is used as a [[drug]].
===About Alcohol Molecules===
In the [[Complete Combustion|complete combustion]] of [[alcohol]]s the only [[product]]s are [[Carbon Dioxide]] and [[Water]].
: [[Methanol]] + [[Oxygen]] → [[Carbon Dioxide]] + [[Water]]
: <chemmath>2CH3OH 2CH_3OH + 3O2 -> 2CO2 3O_2 → 2CO_2 + 4H2O4H_2O</chemmath>
: [[Ethanol]] + [[Oxygen]] → [[Carbon Dioxide]] + [[Water]]
: <chemmath>C2H5OH C_2H_5OH + 3O2 -> 2CO2 3O_2 → 2CO_2 + 3H2O3H_2O</chemmath>
: [[Propanol]] + [[Oxygen]] → [[Carbon Dioxide]] + [[Water]]
: <chemmath>2C3H7OH 2C_3H_7OH + 9O2 -> 6CO2 9O_2 → 6CO_2 + 8H2O8H_2O</chemmath>
: [[Butanol]] + [[Oxygen]] → [[Carbon Dioxide]] + [[Water]]
: <chemmath>C4H9OH C_4H_9OH + 6O2 -> 4CO2 6O_2 → 4CO_2 + 5H2O5H_2O</chemmath>
=====Incomplete Combustion=====
During [[Incomplete Combustion|incomplete combustion]] of [[alcohol]]s the [[product]]s may include [[Carbon]] ([[soot]]) and [[Carbon Monoxide]].
: [[Methanol]] + [[Oxygen]] → [[CarbonSoot]] + [[Water]]: <chemmath>2CH3OH 2CH_3OH + O2 -> O_2 → 2C + 4H2O4H_2O</chemmath>
: [[Methanol]] + [[Oxygen]] → [[Carbon Monoxide]] + [[Water]]
: <chemmath>CH3OH CH_3OH + O2 -> O_2 → CO + 2H2O2H_2O</chemmath>
: [[Ethanol]] + [[Oxygen]] → [[CarbonSoot]] + [[Water]]: <chemmath>C2H5OH C_2H_5OH + O2 -> O_2 → 2C + 3H2O3H_2O</chemmath>
: [[Ethanol]] + [[Oxygen]] → [[Carbon Monoxide]] + [[Water]]
: <chemmath>C2H5OH C_2H_5OH + 2O2 -> 2O_2 → 2CO + 3H2O3H_2O</chemmath>
: [[Ethanol]] + [[Oxygen]] → [[CarbonSoot]] + [[Carbon Monoxide]] + [[Water]]: <chemmath>2C2H5OH 2C_2H_5OH + 3O2 -> 3O_2 → 2C + 2CO + 6H2O6H_2O</chemmath>
====Reaction with Sodium====
[[Sodium]] [[Chemical Reaction|reacts]] with [[alcohol]] to [[product|produce]] [[Hydrogen]] [[gas]].
: [[Methanol]] + [[Sodium]] → [[Sodium Methoxide]] + [[Hydrogen]]: <chemmath>2CH3OH 2CH_3OH + 2Na -> 2CH3ONa → 2CH_3ONa + H2H_2</chemmath>
: [[Ethanol]] + [[Sodium]] → [[Sodium Ethoxide]] + [[Hydrogen]]: <chemmath>2C2H5OH 2C_2H_5OH + 2Na -> 2C2H5ONa → 2C_2H_5ONa + H2H_2</chemmath>
: [[Propanol]] + [[Sodium]] → [[Sodium Propoxide]] + [[Hydrogen]]: <chemmath>2C3H7OH 2C_3H_7OH + 2Na -> 2C2H5ONa → 2C_2H_5ONa + H2H_2</chemmath>
: [[Butanol]] + [[Sodium]] → [[Sodium Butoxide]] + [[Hydrogen]]: <chemmath>2C4H9OH 2C_4H_9OH + 2Na -> 2C2H5ONa → 2C_2H_5ONa + H2H_2</chemmath>
====Oxidation====
When [[alcohol]]s are [[oxidised]] without [[combustion]] they [[product|produce]] [[Carboxylic Acid]]s.
: [[Methanol]] + [[Oxygen]] → [[Carbon Dioxide]] + [[Water]]
: <chemmath>CH3OH CH_3OH + O2 -> O_2 → HCOOH + H2OH_2O</chemmath>
: [[Ethanol]] + [[Oxygen]] → [[Carbon Dioxide]] + [[Water]]
: <chemmath>C2H5OH C_2H_5OH + O2 -> CH3COOH O_2 → CH_3COOH + H2OH_2O</chemmath>
: [[Propanol]] + [[Oxygen]] → [[Carbon Dioxide]] + [[Water]]
: <chemmath>C3H7OH C_3H_7OH + O2 -> C2H5COOH O_2 → C_2H_5COOH + H2OH_2O</chemmath>
: [[Butanol]] + [[Oxygen]] → [[Carbon Dioxide]] + [[Water]]
: <chemmath>C4H9OH C_4H_9OH + O2 -> C3H7COOH O_2 → C_3H_7COOH + H2OH_2O</chemmath>
====Esterification====
[[Alcohol]]s may [[Chemical Reaction|react]] with [[Carboxylic Acid]]s to [[product|produce]] [[compound]]s known as [[ester]]s which have the [[Functional Group|functional group]] -COO-.
: [[Methanol]] + [[Ethanoic Acid]] → [[Methyl Ethanoate]] + [[Water]]: <chemmath>CH3OH CH_3OH + CH3COOH -> CH3COOCH3 CH_3COOH → CH_3COOCH_3 + H2OH_2O</chemmath>
: [[Ethanol]] + [[Ethanoic Acid]] → [[Ethyl Ethanoate]] + [[Water]]: <chemmath>C2H5OH C_2H_5OH + CH3COOH -> CH3COOC2H5 CH_3COOH → CH_3COOC_2H_5 + H2OH_2O</chemmath>
: [[Propanol]] + [[Propanoic Acid]] → [[Propyl Propanoate]] + [[Water]]: <chemmath>C3H7OH C_3H_7OH + C3H5COOH -> C2H5COOC3H7 C_2H_5COOH → C_2H_5COOC_3H_7 + H2OH_2O</chemmath>
: [[Butanol]] + [[Propanoic Acid]] → [[Butyl Butanoate]] Propanoate + [[Water]]: <chemmath>C4H9OH C_4H_9OH + C3H5COOH -> C3H5COOC4H9 C_2H_5COOH → C_2H_5COOC_4H_9 + H2OH_2O</chemmath> ===References=======AQA====:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851346/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851346&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3ac654f4b0da781c49c855a1af4c92ea ''Alcohols, page 181, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA'']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359381/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359381&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=47c8d1ae58d8b3a5e2094cd447154558 ''Alcohols, pages 159-163, 170-171, GCSE Chemistry; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA'']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0008158762/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0008158762&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a0fffa35b3ea49a63404f6704e0df7cc ''Alcohols, pages 226-7, 242-3, 245, 248-9, GCSE Chemistry; Student Book, Collins, AQA'']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945962/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945962&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=476bb5c8d1dfb5c08ac81b6d4d1c98d8 ''Alcohols, pages 234, 238-240, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, AQA'']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945571/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945571&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9e29fad914244909903e5e93f8a01d33 ''Alcohols, pages 79, 81, 82, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA'']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0008158762/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0008158762&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a0fffa35b3ea49a63404f6704e0df7cc ''Alcohols; comparing alcohol fuels 187, GCSE Chemistry; Student Book, Collins, AQA'']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851346/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851346&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3ac654f4b0da781c49c855a1af4c92ea ''Alcohols; reactions of, pages 181-2, 184, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA'']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851346/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851346&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3ac654f4b0da781c49c855a1af4c92ea ''Alcohols; uses of, page 183, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA''] ====Edexcel====:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948147/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948147&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=f63dcd8345f4e49c717b39a228a36c7c ''Alcohols, page 291, 299-306, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, Edexcel '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945725/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945725&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=694be7494de75af3349537d34e13f7f0 ''Alcohols, pages 100, 102-104, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120215/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120215&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=8f96ddb76196848bafdb124354e4cf77 ''Alcohols, pages 178-179, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945725/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945725&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=694be7494de75af3349537d34e13f7f0 ''Alcohols; as fuels, page 104, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948147/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948147&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=f63dcd8345f4e49c717b39a228a36c7c ''Alcohols; combustion of, page 303, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, Edexcel '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120215/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120215&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=8f96ddb76196848bafdb124354e4cf77 ''Alcohols; ethanol, pages 176-177, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel ''] ====OCR==== :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359810/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359810&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=d768d99f1a06f7c12fab40e5aef85a55 ''Alcohol, pages 4, 236-237, 240, Gateway GCSE Biology, Oxford, OCR '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359829/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359829&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=90e8d7b4f039d53035238fa0320fe00b ''Alcohols, pages 243-244, Gateway GCSE Chemistry, Oxford, OCR '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945679/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945679&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a2db42f7b4bdf10cafaafa3bb9120940 ''Alcohols, pages 89, 91, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR Gateway '']
Ellen References
2,903
edits
Retrieved from "https://keystagewiki.com/index.php/Special:MobileDiff/8464...20790"