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|[[File:PivotLever.png|center|400px]]
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |Using '''moments''' an effort can be used to lift a load. If the [[pivot]] is closer to the load than the effort then the [[force]] of effort can be smaller than the load to lift the [[object]].
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<math>M = 2.0Nm</math>
|}
==Key Stage 4==
===Meaning===
A '''moment''' is the turning effect of a [[force]].
===About Moments===
: When a [[force]] acts on an [[object]] with a [[pivot]] it becomes a turning force called a [[moment]].
: A '''moment''' can be calculated by multiplying a [[force]] by the [[distance]] from a [[pivot]].
: The [[unit]]s of a '''moment''' are [[Newton Metre]]s (Nm).
: '''Moments''' can be used to make [[Force Multiplier]]s using a [[pivot]] and [[lever]].
: The longer the lever, the larger the [[moment]] that can be produced.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[File:PivotLever.png|center|400px]]
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |Using '''moments''' an effort can be used to lift a load. If the [[pivot]] is closer to the load than the effort then the [[force]] of effort can be smaller than the load to lift the [[object]].
|}
===Equation===
Moment = Force x Perpendicular distance from the pivot.
:<math>M = F \times d</math>
Where:
: M = [[Moment]]
: F = [[Force]]
: d = [[Perpendicular]] distance from the [[pivot]].
===Example Calculations===
{| class="wikitable"
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''A hammer is used to pull out a nail from a wall. A 30N [[force ]] of effort is applied at a [[perpendicular]] distance of 0.18m from the [[pivot]]. While the nail is 0.02m away from the pivot. Calculate the Moment[[force]] applied to the nail at this point.'''| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''A hammer is used to pull out a nail from a wall. A 30N [[force ]] of effort is applied at a [[perpendicular]] distance of 19cm from the [[pivot]]. While the nail is 4cm away from the pivot. Calculate the Moment[[force]] applied to the nail at this point.'''| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''A hammer is used to pull out a nail from a wall. A 30N [[force ]] of effort is applied at a [[perpendicular]] distance of 200mm from the [[pivot]]. While the nail is 60mm away from the pivot. Calculate the Moment[[force]] applied to the nail at this point.'''
|-
|[[File:MomentHammer1.png|center|200px]]
|[[File:MomentHammer3.png|center|200px]]
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''A 30N force of effort is applied at a [[perpendicular]] distance of 0.18m from the pivot. Calculate the Moment.'''| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''A 30N force of effort is applied at a [[perpendicular]] distance of 19cm from the pivot. Calculate the Moment.'''| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''A 30N force of effort is applied at a [[perpendicular]] distance of 200mm from the pivot. Calculate the Moment.'''|-| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |'''1. State the known quantities'''Force = 30N Perpendicular distance between effort and pivot = 0.18m Perpendicular distance between effort and pivot = 0.02m | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |'''1. State the known quantities'''Force = 30N Perpendicular distance between effort and pivot = 19cm = 0.19m Perpendicular distance between effort and pivot = 4cm = 0.04m | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |'''1. State the known quantities'''
Force = 30N
Perpendicular distance between effort and pivot = 200mm = 0.200m Perpendicular distance between effort and pivot = 60mm = 0.18m06m | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |'''2. Find the [[moment]] caused by the [[effort]].'''
<math>M = F \times d</math>
<math>M = 5.4Nm</math>
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |'''2. Find the [[moment]] caused by the [[effort]].'''
Force = 30N
<math>M = 5.7Nm</math>
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |'''2. Find the [[moment]] caused by the [[effort]].'''
Force = 30N
<math>M = 6.0Nm</math>
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''The nail is a perpendicular distance of 0.02m away from the pivot3. Calculate the Force applied to the nail.'''| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''The nail is a perpendicular distance of 4cm away from the pivot. Calculate the Force applied to the nail.'''| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''The nail is a perpendicular distance of 60mm away from the pivot. Calculate the Force applied to the nail.[[moment]]'''|-| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |
Moment = 5.4Nm
<math>F = 270N</math>
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:leftcenter;" |'''3. Calculate the Force applied to the nail from the [[moment]]'''
Moment = 5.7Nm
<math>F = 142.5N</math>
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:leftcenter;" |'''3. Calculate the Force applied to the nail from the [[moment]]'''
Moment = 6.0Nm