View source for Calculating the Numbers of Protons, Neutrons and Electrons

==Key Stage 4==
===Meaning===
[[File:IonTile.png|right|300px|thumb|The [[element]] tile for an [[ion]].]]
Calculting the numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons can be done from information about the [[Atomic Number]], [[Relative Atomic Mass]] and [[Relative Atomic Charge]] of a [[particle]].

===About Calculating the Numbers of Protons, Neutrons and Electrons===
: The number of [[proton]]s in an [[atom]] or [[ion]] is given by the [[Atomic Number]].
{| class="wikitable"
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''Hydrogen'''
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''Helium'''
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''Lithium'''
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''Beryllium'''
|-
|[[File:Hydrogen.png|center|150px]]
|[[File:Helium.png|center|150px]]
|[[File:Lithium.png|center|200px]]
|[[File:Beryllium.png|center|200px]]
|-
|[[File:HydrogenSymbol.png|center|200px]]
|[[File:HeliumSymbol.png|center|200px]]
|[[File:LithiumSymbol.png|center|200px]]
|[[File:BerylliumSymbol.png|center|200px]]
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Hydrogen]] has an [[Atomic Number]] of 1 so it has 1 [[proton]].
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Helium]] has an [[Atomic Number]] of 2 so it has 2 [[proton]]s.
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Lithium]] has an [[Atomic Number]] of 3 so it has 3 [[proton]]s.
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Beryllium]] has an [[Atomic Number]] of 4 so it has 4 [[proton]]s.
|}

: The number of [[neutron]]s can be found by subtracting the [[Atomic Number]] from the [[Relative Atomic Mass]].
{| class="wikitable"
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''Hydrogen'''
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''Helium'''
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''Lithium'''
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''Beryllium'''
|-
|[[File:HydrogenSymbol.png|center|200px]]
|[[File:HeliumSymbol.png|center|200px]]
|[[File:LithiumSymbol.png|center|200px]]
|[[File:BerylliumSymbol.png|center|200px]]
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |This [[atom]] has an [[Atomic Number]] (Z) of 1 and a [[Relative Atomic Mass]] (A) of 1.

Number of [[neutron]]s = A - Z

Number of [[neutron]]s = 1 - 1

Number of [[neutron]]s = 0
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |This [[atom]] has an [[Atomic Number]] (Z) of 2 and a [[Relative Atomic Mass]] (A) of 4.

Number of [[neutron]]s = A - Z

Number of [[neutron]]s = 4 - 2

Number of [[neutron]]s = 2
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |This [[atom]] has an [[Atomic Number]] (Z) of 3 and a [[Relative Atomic Mass]] (A) of 7.

Number of [[neutron]]s = A - Z

Number of [[neutron]]s = 7 - 3

Number of [[neutron]]s = 4
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |This [[atom]] has an [[Atomic Number]] (Z) of 4 and a [[Relative Atomic Mass]] (A) of 9.

Number of [[neutron]]s = A - Z

Number of [[neutron]]s = 9 - 4

Number of [[neutron]]s = 5
|}
: The number of [[electron]] in an [[ion]] can be found using the [[Atomic Number]] (which is the same as the [[Relative Atomic Charge]] of the [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]]) and subtracting the [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of the [[ion]].
{| class="wikitable"
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''A Lithium Ion'''
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''A Fluorine Ion'''
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''A Boron Ion'''
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''An Oxygen Ion '''
|-
|[[File:LithiumIonSymbol.png|center|200px]]
|[[File:FluorineIonSymbol.png|center|200px]]
|[[File:BoronIonSymbol.png|center|200px]]
|[[File:OxygenIonSymbol.png|center|200px]]
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |This [[ion]] has an [[Atomic Number]] (Z) of 3 and a [[Relative Atomic Charge]] (Q) of +1.

Number of [[electron]]s = A - Q

Number of [[electron]]s = 3 - 1

Number of [[electron]]s = 2
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |This [[ion]] has an [[Atomic Number]] (Z) of 9 and a [[Relative Atomic Charge]] (Q) of -1.

Number of [[electron]]s = A - Q

Number of [[electron]]s = 9 - (-1)

Number of [[electron]]s = 10
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |This [[ion]] has an [[Atomic Number]] (Z) of 5 and a [[Relative Atomic Charge]] (Q) of +3.

Number of [[electron]]s = A - Q

Number of [[electron]]s = 5 - 3

Number of [[electron]]s = 2
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |This [[ion]] has an [[Atomic Number]] (Z) of 8 and a [[Relative Atomic Charge]] (Q) of -2.

Number of [[electron]]s = A - Q

Number of [[electron]]s = 8 - (-2)

Number of [[electron]]s = 10
|}