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| − | ==Cell Biology== | + | ==Key Stage 4== |
| − | ===[[Cell (Biology)|Cells]]=== | + | ===Meaning=== |
| − | ====[[Eukaryotic Cell]]s====
| + | A [[Stroke]] is when a [[Blood Vessel|blood vessel]] in the [[brain]] becomes blocked, starving [[oxygen]] from part of the [[brain]]. |
| − | *[[Animal Cell]]
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| − | **[[Specialised Animal Cell]]
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| − | **[[Stem Cell]]
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| − | *[[Plant Cell]]
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| − | **[[Specialised Plant Cell]]
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| − | **[[Meristem]]
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| − | *[[Fungal Cell]]
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| − | *[[Protist]]
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| − | =====Cell Structure=====
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| − | *[[Cytoplasm]]
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| − | *[[Cell Membrane]]
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| − | *[[Cell Wall]]
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| − | *[[Ribosome]]
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| | | | |
| − | *[[Organelle]]s
| + | ===About Strokes=== |
| − | **[[Nucleus]]
| + | : [[Stroke]]s are usually caused by [[Blood Clot|blood clots]]. |
| − | **[[Mitochondrion]]
| + | : A [[Stroke]] can cause [[brain]] damage. |
| − | **[[Chloroplast]]
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| − | **[[Permanent Vacuole]]
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| − | **[[Flagellum]]
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| − | | |
| − | ====[[Prokaryotic Cell]]====
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| − | *[[Bacteria]]
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| − | =====Cell Structure=====
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| − | *[[Cytoplasm]]
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| − | *[[Cell Membrane]]
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| − | *[[Bacterial Cell Wall]]
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| − | *[[Slime Capsule]]
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| − | *[[Flagellum]]
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| − | *[[Loop of DNA]]
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| − | *[[Plasmid]]
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| − | *[[Ribosome]]
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| − | | |
| − | ====[[Cell Cycle]]====
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| − | *[[Interphase]]
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| − | *[[Mitosis]]
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| − | *[[Cytokinesis]]
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| − | ====[[Cell Division]]==== | |
| − | *[[Mitosis]]
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| − | *[[Meiosis]]
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| − | *[[Stem Cell]]s
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| − | *[[Differentiation (Biology)|Differentiation]]
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| − | | |
| − | ===Observing Cells===
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| − | *[[Light Microscope]]
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| − | *[[Electron Microscope]]
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| − | [[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Using a Microscope]]
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| − | | |
| − | ===Transport in Cells===
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| − | *[[Diffusion|Diffusion across a Membrane]]
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| − | *[[Osmosis]]
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| − | *[[Active Transport]]
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| − | [[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Osmosis in Plant Tissue]]
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| − | | |
| − | ===[[Enzymes]]===
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| − | *[[Enzyme#pH and Enzymes|pH and Enzymes]]
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| − | *[[Enzyme#Temperature and Enzymes|Temperature and Enzymes]]
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| − | *[[Enzyme#Denaturation|Denaturing Enzymes]]
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| − | [[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Enzyme Rates of Reaction]]
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| − | | |
| − | ===[[Respiration]]===
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| − | *[[Aerobic Respiration]]
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| − | *[[Anaerobic Respiration]]
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| − | *[[Exercise#Exercise and Respiration|Exercise and Respiration]]
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| − | *[[Lactic Acid]]
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| − | | |
| − | ===Key Biological Molecules===
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| − | *[[Carbohydrate]]
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| − | *[[Protein]]
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| − | *[[Nucleic Acid]]
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| − | *[[Lipid]]
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| − | | |
| − | ==Organisation==
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| − | *[[Cell (Biology)|Cells]]
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| − | *[[Tissue]]s
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| − | *[[Organ]]s
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| − | *[[Organ System]]s
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| − | | |
| − | ===Organ Systems in Animals===
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| − | ====[[Digestive System]]====
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| − | *[[Mouth]]
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| − | *[[Oesophagus]]
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| − | *[[Stomach]]
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| − | *[[Liver]]
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| − | **[[Gall Bladder]]
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| − | **[[Bile Duct]]
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| − | ***[[Bile]]
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| − | *[[Pancreas]]
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| − | *[[Small Intestine]]
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| − | **[[Villi]]
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| − | *[[Large Intestine]]
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| − | *[[Rectum]]
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| − | *[[Anus]]
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| − | =====[[Digestion]]=====
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| − | *[[Nutrient]]s
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| − | **[[Carbohydrate]]s
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| − | ***[[Polysaccharides]]s
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| − | ****[[Starch]]
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| − | ***[[Monosaccharide]]s
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| − | ****[[Glucose]]
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| − | ****[[Fructose]]
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| − | **[[Protein]]s
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| − | ***[[Amino Acid]]s
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| − | **[[Lipid]]s
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| − | ***[[Glycerol]]
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| − | ***[[Fatty Acid]]
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| − | *[[Digestive Enzyme]]s
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| − | **[[Carbohydrase]]
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| − | ***[[Amylase]]
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| − | ***[[Salivary Amylase]]
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| − | ***[[Pancreatic Amylase]]
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| − | **[[Protease]]
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| − | ***[[Pepsin]]
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| − | ***[[Trypsin]]
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| − | ***[[Peptidase]]
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| − | **[[Lipase]]
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| − | **[[Enzyme#Denaturation|Denaturing Enzymes]]
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| − | [[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Food Tests]]
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| − | | |
| − | ====[[Circulatory System]]====
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| − | *[[Heart]]
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| − | **[[Atrium]]
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| − | **[[Ventricle]]
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| − | **[[Heart Valve]]s
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| − | **[[Coronary Arteries]]
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| − | **[[Stent]]
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| − | **[[Pacemaker]]
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| − | | |
| − | *[[Blood]]
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| − | **[[Blood Plasma|Plasma]]
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| − | **[[Red Blood Cell]]s
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| − | **[[White Blood Cell]]s
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| − | **[[Platelet]]s
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| − | | |
| − | *[[Blood Vessel]]s
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| − | **[[Artery]]
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| − | **[[Vein]]
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| − | **[[Capillary]]
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| − | | |
| − | ====[[Breathing System]]====
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| − | *[[Mouth]]
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| − | *[[Trachea]]
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| − | *[[Bronchus]]
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| − | *[[Lung]]s
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| − | **[[Bronchiole]]
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| − | **[[Alveoli]]
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| − | *[[Rib Cage]]
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| − | **[[Intercostal Muscle]]
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| − | *[[Diaphragm]]
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| − | | |
| − | ===Organ Systems in Plants===
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| − | ====Transport System====
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| − | *[[Xylem Tissue]]
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| − | **[[Transpiration]]
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| − | ***[[Guard Cell]]s
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| − | ***[[Potometer]]
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| − | *[[Phloem Tissue]]
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| − | **[[Translocation]]
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| − | | |
| − | ==Health, Disease and the Development of Medicines==
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| − | ===[[Health]]===
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| − | ===[[Disease]]===
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| − | *[[Pathogen]]s
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| − | **[[Bacteria]]
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| − | ***[[Salmonella]]
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| − | ***[[Gonorrhea]]
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| − | **[[Fungal Infection|Fungi]]
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| − | ***[[Rose Blackspot]]
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| − | **[[Protazoan Infection|Protist]]
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| − | ***[[Malaria]]
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| − | **[[Virus]]es
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| − | ***[[Measles]]
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| − | ***[[HIV]]
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| − | ***[[Tobacco Mosaic Virus]]
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| − | | |
| − | ===[[Culturing Bacteria]]===
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| − | *[[Aseptic Technique]]
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| − | *[[Antiseptic]]
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| − | *[[Antibiotic]]
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| − | | |
| − | ===[[Communication of Disease]]===
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| − | ====[[Preventing Infection]]====
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| − | *[[Hygiene]]
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| − | *[[Vaccination]]
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| − | *[[Quarantine]]
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| − | | |
| − | ===[[Non-communicable Disease]]s===
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| − | *[[Cancer]]
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| − | *[[Coronary Heart Disease]]
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| − | *[[Diabetes]]
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| − | ====Risk Factors in Disease====
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| − | *[[Smoking]]
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| − | *[[Alcohol]]
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| − | *[[Obesity]]
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| − | *[[Ionising Radiation]]
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| − | ====Reducing Chances of Disease====
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| − | *[[Exercise]]
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| − | *[[Balanced Diet]]
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| − | *[[Pollution and Health]]
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| − | | |
| − | ===[[Immune System]]===
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| − | *[[White Blood Cell]]s
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| − | **[[Phagocyte]]
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| − | **[[Lymphocyte]]
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| − | **[[Antibody]]
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| − | | |
| − | ===[[Medicine]]===
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| − | ====[[Drug]]====
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| − | *[[Antibiotic]]
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| − | *[[Antibacterial]]
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| − | *[[Antifungal]]
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| − | *[[Antiviral]]
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| − | *[[Vaccination]]
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| − | *[[Painkiller]]
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| − | *[[Monoclonal Antibody]]
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| − | **[[Hybridoma]]
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| − | **[[Antigen]]
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| − | ====[[Drug Development]]====
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| − | *[[Preclinical Testing]]
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| − | *[[Clinical Trial]]
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| − | *[[Placebo]]
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| − | *[[Double Blind Trial]]
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| − | | |
| − | ==Coordination and Control==
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| − | ===[[Nervous System]]===
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| − | *[[Central Nervous System]]
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| − | **[[Brain]]
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| − | **[[Spinal Cord]]
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| − | *[[Peripheral Nervous System]]
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| − | *[[Neurone]]
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| − | **[[Receptor Cell]]
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| − | **[[Sensory Neurone]]
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| − | **[[Relay Neurone]]
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| − | **[[Motor Neurone]]
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| − | *[[Reflex Arc]]
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| − | **[[Action Potential]]
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| − | *[[Sensory Organ]]s
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| − | **[[Eye]]
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| − | | |
| − | [[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Factors affecting Human Reaction Time]]
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| − | | |
| − | ===[[Endocrine System]]===
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| − | *[[Endocrine Gland]]
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| − | **[[Pituitary Gland]]
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| − | **[[Thyroid]]
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| − | **[[Thymus]]
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| − | **[[Pancreas]]
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| − | **[[Adrenal Gland]]
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| − | **[[Ovary]]
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| − | **[[Testis]]
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| − | *[[Hormone]]
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| − | *[[Target Organ]]
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| − | *[[Reproductive Hormone]]s
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| − | **[[Testosterone]]
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| − | **[[Oestrogen]]
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| − | **[[Follicle Stimulating Hormone]]
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| − | **[[Progesterone]]
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| − | *[[Menstrual Cycle]]
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| − | *[[Contraception]]
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| − | **[[Hormonal Contraception]]
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| − | **[[Non-hormonal Contraception]]
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| − | *[[Fertility Treatment]]
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| − | **[[In Vitro Fertilisation|IVF]]
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| − | | |
| − | ===[[Homeostasis]]===
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| − | *[[Osmoregulation]]
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| − | **[[Antidiuretic Hormone]]
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| − | **[[Kidney]]s
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| − | **[[Dialysis]]
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| − | *[[Thermoregulation]]
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| − | *[[Blood Glucose Regulation]]
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| − | **[[Insulin]]
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| − | **[[Glucagon]]
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| − | **[[Glycogen]]
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| − | **[[Diabetes]]
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| − | ====[[Negative Feedback]]====
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| − | | |
| − | ===[[Plant Hormones]]===
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| − | *[[Auxin]]
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| − | *[[Gibberellin]]
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| − | *[[Phototropism]]
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| − | *[[Gravitropism]]
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| − | [[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Tropic Effects on Seedling Growth]]
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| − | | |
| − | ==[[Photosynthesis]]==
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| − | ===[[Photosynthesis#Rate of Photosynthesis|Rate of Photosynthesis]]===
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| − | ===[[Leaf|Adaptations for Photosynthesis]]===
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| − | [[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Factors Affecting the Rate of Photosynthesis]]
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| − | | |
| − | ==[[Ecosystem]]s==
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| − | ===[[Trophic Level]]s===
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| − | *[[Food Chain]]
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| − | *[[Food Web]]
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| − | *[[Biomass]]
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| − | **[[Pyramid of Biomass]]
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| − | ===[[Environmental Factors]]===
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| − | *[[Physical Environment]]
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| − | *[[Biotic Environmental Factors]]
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| − | **[[Biological Community]]
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| − | **[[Feeding Relationship]]s
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| − | ***[[Predator]]
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| − | ***[[Prey]]
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| − | ***[[Consumer]]s
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| − | ***[[Parasite]]
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| − | ***[[Mutualist]]
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| − | ***[[Decomposer]]s
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| − | *[[Competition (Biology)|Competition]]
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| − | [[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Decay of Organic Material]]
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| − | | |
| − | ===[[Material Cycling]]===
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| − | *[[Water Cycle]]
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| − | *[[Carbon Cycle]]
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| − | *[[Nitrogen Cycle]]
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| − | | |
| − | ===[[Adaptation]]===
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| − | *[[Habitat]]
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| − | *[[Survival of the Fittest]]
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| − | | |
| − | ===[[Biodiversity]]===
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| − | *[[Classification Key]]
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| − | *[[Sampling (Biology)|Sampling]]
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| − | **[[Quadrat]]
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| − | **[[Transect]]
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| − | [[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Measuring Population in a Habitat]]
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| − | | |
| − | ===[[Human Effect on Ecosystems]]===
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| − | *[[Nature Reserves]]
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| − | *[[Protected Species]]
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| − | *[[Pollution]]
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| − | **[[Water Pollution]]
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| − | **[[Air Pollution]]
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| − | *[[Habitat Destruction]]
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| − | **[[Deforestation]]
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| − | **[[Global Warming]]
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| − | *[[Food Production]]
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| − | | |
| − | ==Evolution, Inheritance and Variation==
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| − | ===[[Genome]]===
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| − | *[[Gene]]
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| − | *[[DNA]]
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| − | **[[Protein Synthesis]]
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| − | *[[Chromosome]]
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| − | | |
| − | ===[[Genotype]]===
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| − | *[[Sex Determination]]
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| − | | |
| − | ===[[Phenotype]]===
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| − | *[[Gene]]
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| − | *[[Allele]]
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| − | **[[Dominant Allele]]
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| − | **[[Recessive Allele]]
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| − | | |
| − | ===[[Genomics]]===
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| − | | |
| − | ===[[Variation]]===
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| − | ===[[Inheritance]]===
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| − | *[[Punnet Square]]
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| − | *[[Genetic Cross Diagram]]
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| − | *[[Inherited Disorder]]
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| − | **[[Sickle Cell Anemia]]
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| − | **[[Cystic Fibrosis]]
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| − | ====[[Reproduction]]====
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| − | *[[Asexual Reproduction]]
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| − | **[[Mitosis]]
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| − | *[[Sexual Reproduction]]
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| − | *[[Meiosis]]
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| − | **[[Gamete]]
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| − | **[[Haploid]]
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| − | **[[Diploid]]
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| − | | |
| − | ===[[Evolution by Natural Selection]]===
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| − | *[[Evolution by Natural Selection|Development of the Theory of Evolution]]
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| − | *[[Charles Darwin]]
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| − | *[[Natural Selection]]
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| − | *[[Selective Breeding]]
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| − | *[[Speciation]]
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| − | *[[Evolution by Natural Selection#Evidence|Evidence for Evolution]]
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| − | **[[Fossil]]s
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| − | **[[Extinction]]
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| − | **[[Antibiotic Resistance]]
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| − | | |
| − | ===[[Classification]]===
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| − | | |
| − | ===[[Genetic Engineering]]===
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| − | *[[Cloning]]
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| − | *[[Genetically Modified Organism]]
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