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==Key Stage 3==
===Meaning===
[[File:LeafCrossSection.png|right|300px|thumb|The '''two guard cells''' can be seen at the top of this [[leaf]].]]A '''guard cell''' is a [[Specialised Cell|specialised cell]] in a [[plant]] [[leaf]] which contains can change shape to allow or stop gases [[gas]]es from getting into the [[leaf]].
===Adaptations of the Guard Cell===
: '''Guard cells''' can change shape to open and close a hole called a [[stoma]].
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[File:Stomata.png|center|400px]]
|-
| style="height:20px; width:400px; text-align:center;" |The under side of a [[leaf]] showing [[Guard Cell|guard cells]] and [[Stoma|stomata]].
|}
===About Guard Cells===
: '''Guard cells''' are shaped with a gap between them called a [[stoma]].
: There are more '''guard cells''' found on the bottom of the [[leaf]] than the top.: [[Photosynthesis]] needs water, so '''guard cells''' are there to make sure the [[leaf|leaves]] don't use up too much [[water]] and die of [[Dehydrate|dehydration]].: '''Guard cells''' fill with water to become [[turgid]], making the [[stoma|stomata]] larger. This makes allows [[Carbon Dioxide|carbon dioxide]] into the stoma larger[[leaf]] for [[photosynthesis]]. : When the [[leaf]] gets dehydrated the '''guard cells''' become [[flaccid]]. This makes making the [[stoma |stomata]] smaller.This stops [[Carbon Dioxide|carbon dioxide]] from getting into the [[leaf]] and prevents [[photosynthesis]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[File:GuardCellDiagramGuardCellClipart.png|center|600px300px]]|[[File:GuardCellFlaccidClipart.png|center|200px]]|-| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" |[[Turgid]] '''guard cells''' are full of [[water]] and have a hole called a [[stoma]] between them to allow air in and out.| style="height:20px; width:250px; text-align:center;" |[[Flaccid]] '''guard cells''' are [[dehydrated]] and the [[stoma]] is blocked stopping air form getting in or out of the [[leaf]].
|}
==Key Stage 4==
[[File:Stomata.png|right|300px|thumb|Several pairs of '''guard cells''' can be seen on this [[magnified]] [[image]] of a [[leaf]].]]
===Meaning===
A '''guard cell''' is a [[Specialised Cell|specialised cell]] in a [[plant]] [[leaf]] which can change shape to open or close a hold in the [[leaf]] called a [[stoma]] allowing or preventing [[gas]] exchange.
===Adaptations of the Guard Cell===
: '''Guard cells''' can change shape to open and close a hole called a [[stoma]].
===About Guard Cells===
: '''Guard Cells''' are essential to control the rate of [[photosynthesis]] and [[transpiration]].
: When '''guard cells''' become '''flaccid''', due to [[dehydration]], the [[stomata]] close and [[Water Vapour|water vapour]] can no longer escape the [[leaf]]. This stops [[transpiration]], preventing further [[water]] loss. The closed [[stomata]] also prevent [[Carbon Dioxide]] from entering the [[leaf]], stopping [[photosynthesis]] and conserving [[water]] (which is needed for [[photosynthesis]].
: There are more '''guard cells''' found on the bottom of the [[leaf]] than the top.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[File:GuardCellClipart.png|center|300px]]
|[[File:GuardCellFlaccidClipart.png|center|200px]]
|-
| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" |[[Turgid]] '''guard cells''' are full of [[water]] and have a hole called a [[stoma]] between them to allow air in and out.
| style="height:20px; width:250px; text-align:center;" |[[Flaccid]] '''guard cells''' are [[dehydrated]] and the [[stoma]] is blocked stopping air form getting in or out of the [[leaf]].
|}
===References===
====AQA====
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0008158754/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0008158754&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=27ad53b0283feeff7fc5ae04a9e205f364 ''Guard cell, pages 60-1, 68, 70-71, GCSE Biology; Student Book, Collins, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945563/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945563&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9a1d023a374038e6072f33c4f3cf808b ''Guard cells, page 44, GCSE Biology; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359373/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359373&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=952a73bbb09d222ecc4b50d200679849 ''Guard cells, page 66, GCSE Biology; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945598/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945598&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ad276ad49df77ab4b40ab4fd0fe09974 ''Guard cells, pages 38, 40, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782946381/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782946381&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=5ec5fc3f6429e30c1d9ab9bca2bccf93 ''Guard cells, pages 60, 88, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Biology, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945954/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945954&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=100574c08fbbb64318256eb79ed61a76 ''Guard cells, pages 66, 94, GCSE Biology, CGP, AQA '']
====Edexcel====
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120193/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120193&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=572df39392fb4200db8391d98ae6314e ''Guard cells page 87, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120207/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120207&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=22455ff53961978667722edaa64c0be5 ''Guard cells, page 125, GCSE Biology, Pearson, Edexcel '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948120/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948120&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=dedef775c6a43dbb0a609441525adac0 ''Guard cells, pages 211, 212, GCSE Biology, CGP, Edexcel '']
====OCR====
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945695/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945695&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ceafcc80bcad6b6754ee97a0c7ceea53 ''Guard cells, page 33, Gateway GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945660/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945660&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=83aa4500ad7759e7f401a1c5ba5df758 ''Guard cells, page 40, Gateway GCSE Biology; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR '']