Difference between revisions of "Electrical Charge"
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{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[File:PhetCharges.png|centre|300px|link=https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/charges-and-fields/latest/charges-and-fields_en.html]] | |[[File:PhetCharges.png|centre|300px|link=https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/charges-and-fields/latest/charges-and-fields_en.html]] | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Key Stage 4== | ||
+ | ===Meaning=== | ||
+ | '''Charge''' is a [[property]] of [[matter]] that can cause an [[Electrostatic Force|electrostatic force]] between two [[object]]s. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===About Charge=== | ||
+ | : There are two types of '''charge'''; [[Positive Charge|positive]] and [[Negative Charge|negative]]. | ||
+ | : Like '''charges''' [[repel]] each other and opposite '''charges''' [[attract]] each other. | ||
+ | : '''Charges''' create an [[Electrostatic Field|electrostatic field]] which affects other '''charged''' [[object]]s. | ||
+ | : '''Charge''' is a conserved quantity which means; "'''Charge''' cannot be created or destroyed, it can only be transferred from one place to another." | ||
+ | : A flow of '''charge''' is an [[Electrical Current|electrical current]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Equation=== | ||
+ | ====Equation linking Charge, Current and Time==== | ||
+ | ''NB: You should remember this equation with charge as the subject of the formula.'' | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''Charge''' = (Current) x (time) | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>Q=It</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Where: | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>Q</math> = The amount of [[Electrical Charge|charge]] flowing past a point. | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>I</math> = The '''electrical current''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>t</math> = The [[time]] taken for the [[Electrical Charge|charge]] to flow. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====Equation linking Charge, Potential Difference and Energy Transferred==== | ||
+ | ''NB: You should remember this equation with energy transferred as the subject of the formula.'' | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''Charge''' = (Energy Transferred)/(Potential Difference) | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>Q=\frac{E}{V}</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Where: | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>Q</math> = The amount of [[Electrical Charge|charge]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>E</math> = The [[Energy Transfer]]red by the '''charge'''. | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>V</math> = The [[Potential Difference|potential difference]] between two points. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Example Calculations=== | ||
+ | ====Finding Current from Charge and Time==== | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" |A charge of 15 Coulombs passes through a point in a circuit ever 0.52 seconds. Calculate the current flowing past this point correct to two [[Significant Figures|significant figures]]. | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" |A capacitor stores a charge of 10C. It discharges in 12ms. Calculate the current flowing out of the capacitor correct to two [[Significant Figures|significant figures]]. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:left;" |'''1. State the known quantities in correct [[unit]]s.''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Q = 15C | ||
+ | |||
+ | t = 0.52s | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:left;" |'''1. State the known quantities in correct [[unit]]s.''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Q = 10C | ||
+ | |||
+ | t = 12ms = 12x10<sup>-3</sup>s | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width: 300px; text-align:left;" |'''2. [[Substitute (Maths)|Substitute]] the numbers and [[Evaluate (Maths)|evaluate]].''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>Q=It</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>15=I \times 0.52</math> | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width: 300px; text-align:left;" |'''2. [[Substitute (Maths)|Substitute]] the numbers and [[Evaluate (Maths)|evaluate]].''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>Q=It</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>10=I \times 12 \times 10^{-3}</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | | style="height:20px; width: 300px; text-align:left;" |'''3. [[Rearrange (Maths)|Rearrange]] the equation and [[Solve (Maths)|solve]].''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>I=\frac{15}{0.52}</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>I=28.846153A</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>I\approx29A</math> | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width: 300px; text-align:left;" |'''3. [[Rearrange (Maths)|Rearrange]] the equation and [[Solve (Maths)|solve]].''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>I=\frac{10}{12 \times 10^{-3}}</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>I=833.3A</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>I\approx830A</math> | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====Finding Charge from Current and Time==== | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width: 300px; text-align:center;" |A battery supplies 4.7Amps to a bulb over a period of 14 seconds. Calculate the charge leaving the battery in this time correct to two [[Significant Figures|significant figures]]. | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width: 300px; text-align:center;" |A hairdryer uses a current of 7.2A for 5 minutes to dry a person’s hair. Calculate the charge flowing through the hairdryer in this time correct to two [[Significant Figures|significant figures]]. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width: 300px; text-align:left;" |'''1. State the known quantities in correct [[unit]]s.''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | I = 4.7A | ||
+ | |||
+ | t = 14s | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width: 300px; text-align:left;" |'''1. State the known quantities in correct [[unit]]s.''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | I = 7.2A | ||
+ | |||
+ | t = 5min = 300s | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |'''2. [[Substitute (Maths)|Substitute]] the numbers into the [[equation]] and [[Solve (Maths)|solve]].''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>Q=It</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>Q=4.7 \times 14</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>Q = 65.8C</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>Q \approx 66C</math> | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |'''2. [[Substitute (Maths)|Substitute]] the numbers into the [[equation]] and [[Solve (Maths)|solve]].''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>Q=It</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>Q=7.2 \times 300</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>Q = 2160C</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>Q \approx 2200C</math> | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====Finding Time from Current and Charge==== | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width: 300px; text-align:center;" |A battery charger uses a current of 150mA to deliver a charge of 245 Coloumbs to a battery. Calculate the time taken to charge this battery correct to two [[Significant Figures|significant figures]]. | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width: 300px; text-align:center;" |A cloud in a thunderstorm loses 15kC in one lightening strike. At a current of 31,000kA. Calculate how long this lightning strike lasts correct to two [[Significant Figures|significant figures]]. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width: 300px; text-align:left;" |'''1. State the known quantities in correct [[unit]]s.''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | I = 150mA = 150x10<sup>-3</sup>A | ||
+ | |||
+ | Q = 245C | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width: 300px; text-align:left;" |'''1. State the known quantities in correct [[unit]]s.''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | I = 31,000kA = 3.1x10<sup>7</sup>A | ||
+ | |||
+ | Q = 15kC = 15x10<sup>3</sup> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width: 300px; text-align:left;" |'''2. [[Substitute (Maths)|Substitute]] the numbers and [[Evaluate (Maths)|evaluate]].''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>Q=It</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>245 = 150 \times 10^{-3} \times t</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | | style="height:20px; width: 300px; text-align:left;" |'''2. [[Substitute (Maths)|Substitute]] the numbers and [[Evaluate (Maths)|evaluate]].''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>Q=It</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>15 \times 10^3 = 3.1 \times 10^7 \times t</math> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width: 300px; text-align:left;" |'''3. [[Rearrange (Maths)|Rearrange]] the equation and [[Solve (Maths)|solve]].''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>t=\frac{245}{150 \times 10^{-3}}</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>t=1633.3s</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>t\approx1633.3s</math> | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width: 300px; text-align:left;" |'''3. [[Rearrange (Maths)|Rearrange]] the equation and [[Solve (Maths)|solve]].''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>t=\frac{15 \times 10^3}{3.1 \times 10^7}</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>t = 4.8387 \times 10^{-4}s</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>t\approx4.8 \times 10^{-4}s</math> | ||
|} | |} |
Revision as of 09:48, 25 February 2019
Contents
Key Stage 3
Meaning
Charge is a property of matter that can cause an electrostatic force between two objects.
About Charge
- There are two types of charge; positive and negative.
- Like charges repel each other and opposite charges attract each other.
- Charges create an electrostatic field which affects other charged objects.
To see the electrostatic field created by a charge click on the picture below to play a PHET simulation.
Key Stage 4
Meaning
Charge is a property of matter that can cause an electrostatic force between two objects.
About Charge
- There are two types of charge; positive and negative.
- Like charges repel each other and opposite charges attract each other.
- Charges create an electrostatic field which affects other charged objects.
- Charge is a conserved quantity which means; "Charge cannot be created or destroyed, it can only be transferred from one place to another."
- A flow of charge is an electrical current.
Equation
Equation linking Charge, Current and Time
NB: You should remember this equation with charge as the subject of the formula.
Charge = (Current) x (time)
\(Q=It\)
Where\[Q\] = The amount of charge flowing past a point.
\(I\) = The electrical current
\(t\) = The time taken for the charge to flow.
Equation linking Charge, Potential Difference and Energy Transferred
NB: You should remember this equation with energy transferred as the subject of the formula.
Charge = (Energy Transferred)/(Potential Difference)
\(Q=\frac{E}{V}\)
Where\[Q\] = The amount of charge.
\(E\) = The Energy Transferred by the charge.
\(V\) = The potential difference between two points.
Example Calculations
Finding Current from Charge and Time
A charge of 15 Coulombs passes through a point in a circuit ever 0.52 seconds. Calculate the current flowing past this point correct to two significant figures. | A capacitor stores a charge of 10C. It discharges in 12ms. Calculate the current flowing out of the capacitor correct to two significant figures. | ||
1. State the known quantities in correct units.
Q = 15C t = 0.52s |
1. State the known quantities in correct units.
Q = 10C t = 12ms = 12x10-3s | ||
2. Substitute the numbers and evaluate.
\(Q=It\) \(15=I \times 0.52\) |
2. Substitute the numbers and evaluate.
\(Q=It\) \(10=I \times 12 \times 10^{-3}\) |
3. Rearrange the equation and solve.
\(I=\frac{15}{0.52}\) \(I=28.846153A\) \(I\approx29A\) |
3. Rearrange the equation and solve.
\(I=\frac{10}{12 \times 10^{-3}}\) \(I=833.3A\) \(I\approx830A\) |
Finding Charge from Current and Time
A battery supplies 4.7Amps to a bulb over a period of 14 seconds. Calculate the charge leaving the battery in this time correct to two significant figures. | A hairdryer uses a current of 7.2A for 5 minutes to dry a person’s hair. Calculate the charge flowing through the hairdryer in this time correct to two significant figures. |
1. State the known quantities in correct units.
I = 4.7A t = 14s |
1. State the known quantities in correct units.
I = 7.2A t = 5min = 300s |
2. Substitute the numbers into the equation and solve.
\(Q=It\) \(Q=4.7 \times 14\) \(Q = 65.8C\) \(Q \approx 66C\) |
2. Substitute the numbers into the equation and solve.
\(Q=It\) \(Q=7.2 \times 300\) \(Q = 2160C\) \(Q \approx 2200C\) |
Finding Time from Current and Charge
A battery charger uses a current of 150mA to deliver a charge of 245 Coloumbs to a battery. Calculate the time taken to charge this battery correct to two significant figures. | A cloud in a thunderstorm loses 15kC in one lightening strike. At a current of 31,000kA. Calculate how long this lightning strike lasts correct to two significant figures. |
1. State the known quantities in correct units.
I = 150mA = 150x10-3A Q = 245C |
1. State the known quantities in correct units.
I = 31,000kA = 3.1x107A Q = 15kC = 15x103 |
2. Substitute the numbers and evaluate.
\(Q=It\) \(245 = 150 \times 10^{-3} \times t\) |
2. Substitute the numbers and evaluate.
\(Q=It\) \(15 \times 10^3 = 3.1 \times 10^7 \times t\) |
3. Rearrange the equation and solve.
\(t=\frac{245}{150 \times 10^{-3}}\) \(t=1633.3s\) \(t\approx1633.3s\) |
3. Rearrange the equation and solve.
\(t=\frac{15 \times 10^3}{3.1 \times 10^7}\) \(t = 4.8387 \times 10^{-4}s\) \(t\approx4.8 \times 10^{-4}s\) |