Difference between revisions of "Kinetic Energy Store"
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |A 700kg formula one racing car has a top speed of 100m/s. Calculate the '''kinetic energy''' of the [[car]] to two [[Significant Figures|significant figures]]. | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |A 700kg formula one racing car has a top speed of 100m/s. Calculate the '''kinetic energy''' of the [[car]] to two [[Significant Figures|significant figures]]. | ||
− | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |A cheetah of mass 75kg runs at a speed of 32m/s. Calculate the '''kinetic energy''' of the | + | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |A cheetah of mass 75kg runs at a speed of 32m/s. Calculate the '''kinetic energy''' of the cheetah correct to two [[Significant Figures|significant figures]]. |
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |A 160g cricket ball is hit at 44m/s. Calculate the '''kinetic energy''' of the cricket ball correct to two [[Significant Figures|significant figures]]. | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |A 160g cricket ball is hit at 44m/s. Calculate the '''kinetic energy''' of the cricket ball correct to two [[Significant Figures|significant figures]]. | ||
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==Key Stage 4== | ==Key Stage 4== | ||
+ | {{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6hOVedwiNh0}} | ||
===Meaning=== | ===Meaning=== | ||
The '''kinetic energy store''' is the [[Energy Store|energy store]] associated with moving [[object]]s. | The '''kinetic energy store''' is the [[Energy Store|energy store]] associated with moving [[object]]s. | ||
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v = The [[speed]] or [[velocity]] of the [[object]]. | v = The [[speed]] or [[velocity]] of the [[object]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Calculating Kinetic Energy=== | ||
+ | {{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D-eCSsnFEy0}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |A 700kg formula one racing car has a top speed of 100m/s. Calculate the '''kinetic energy''' of the [[car]] to two [[Significant Figures|significant figures]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |A cheetah of mass 75kg runs at a speed of 32m/s. Calculate the '''kinetic energy''' of the cheetah correct to two [[Significant Figures|significant figures]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |A 160g cricket ball is hit at 44m/s. Calculate the '''kinetic energy''' of the cricket ball correct to two [[Significant Figures|significant figures]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |'''1. State the known quantities''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | m = 700kg | ||
+ | |||
+ | v = 100m/s | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |'''1. State the known quantities''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | m = 75kg | ||
+ | |||
+ | v = 32m/s | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |'''1. State the known quantities''' | ||
+ | m = 160g | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''Convert [[mass]] into [[kilogram]]s.''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | m<sub>in kilograms</sub> = <math>\frac{160}{1000}</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | m = 0.16kg | ||
+ | |||
+ | v = 32m/s | ||
+ | |||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |'''2. [[Substitute (Maths)|Substitute]] the numbers into the [[equation]] and [[Solve (Maths)|solve]].''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>E_k = \frac{1}{2} m v^2</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>E_k = \frac{1}{2} \times 700 \times 100^2</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>E_k = \frac{1}{2} \times 700 \times 10,000</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>E_k = 3,500,000J</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |'''2. [[Substitute (Maths)|Substitute]] the numbers into the [[equation]] and [[Solve (Maths)|solve]].''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>E_k = \frac{1}{2} m v^2</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>E_k = \frac{1}{2} \times 75 \times 32^2</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>E_k = \frac{1}{2} \times 75 \times 1024</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>E_k = 38,400J</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>E_k \approx 38000J</math> | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |'''2. [[Substitute (Maths)|Substitute]] the numbers into the [[equation]] and [[Solve (Maths)|solve]].''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>E_k = \frac{1}{2} m v^2</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>E_k = \frac{1}{2} \times m \times v^2</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>E_k = \frac{1}{2} \times 0.16 \times 44^2</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>E_k = \frac{1}{2} \times 0.16 \times 1936</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>E_k = 154.88J</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>E_k \approx 150J</math> | ||
+ | |} | ||
===Calculating Velocity from Kinetic Energy=== | ===Calculating Velocity from Kinetic Energy=== | ||
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |A 75kg person has a '''kinetic energy''' of 96J while while walking. Calculate their [[speed]]. | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |A 75kg person has a '''kinetic energy''' of 96J while while walking. Calculate their [[speed]]. | ||
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |A [[bird]] of [[mass]] 2.4kg flies at a constant [[speed]] with a '''kinetic energy store''' of 1500J. Calculate the [[speed]] of the [[bird]] correct to two [[Significant Figure|significant figures]]. | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |A [[bird]] of [[mass]] 2.4kg flies at a constant [[speed]] with a '''kinetic energy store''' of 1500J. Calculate the [[speed]] of the [[bird]] correct to two [[Significant Figure|significant figures]]. | ||
− | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" | | + | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |A 60g bullet has a '''kinetic energy store''' of 750J. Calculate the [[speed]] of the bullet correct to two [[Significant Figures|significant figures]]. |
|- | |- | ||
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |'''1. State the known quantities''' | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |'''1. State the known quantities''' | ||
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m = 2.4kg | m = 2.4kg | ||
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |'''1. State the known quantities''' | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |'''1. State the known quantities''' | ||
+ | E<sub>k</sub> = 750J | ||
+ | |||
+ | m = 60g = 0.06kg | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |'''2. [[Substitute (Maths)|Substitute]] the numbers and [[Evaluate (Maths)|evaluate]].''' | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |'''2. [[Substitute (Maths)|Substitute]] the numbers and [[Evaluate (Maths)|evaluate]].''' | ||
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<math>1500 = 1.2v^2</math> | <math>1500 = 1.2v^2</math> | ||
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |'''2. [[Substitute (Maths)|Substitute]] the numbers and [[Evaluate (Maths)|evaluate]].''' | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |'''2. [[Substitute (Maths)|Substitute]] the numbers and [[Evaluate (Maths)|evaluate]].''' | ||
+ | <math>E_k = \frac{1}{2} m v^2</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>750 = \frac{1}{2} \times 0.06 \times v^2</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>750 = 0.03v^2</math> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |'''3. [[Rearrange (Maths)|Rearrange]] the equation and [[Solve (Maths)|solve]].''' | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |'''3. [[Rearrange (Maths)|Rearrange]] the equation and [[Solve (Maths)|solve]].''' | ||
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |'''3. [[Rearrange (Maths)|Rearrange]] the equation and [[Solve (Maths)|solve]].''' | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |'''3. [[Rearrange (Maths)|Rearrange]] the equation and [[Solve (Maths)|solve]].''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>v^2 = \frac{750}{0.06}</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>v = \sqrt{\frac{750}{0.06}}</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>v = 158.1139m/s</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>v \approx 160m/s</math> | ||
|} | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===References=== | ||
+ | ====AQA==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945598/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945598&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ad276ad49df77ab4b40ab4fd0fe10021 ''Kinetic energy stores, page 169, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/178294558X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=178294558X&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=f0dfb66dafcb0c6e9449e7b1a4ae1ac270 ''Kinetic energy stores, pages 11, 15, GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782946403/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782946403&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=32a0abb60dff015b15b50e9b1d7b4644 ''Kinetic energy stores, pages 21, 25, 27, 30, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Physics, CGP, AQA ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945970/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945970&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a120d24dcc7cc7a58192069a3aafc1d2 ''Kinetic energy stores, pages 22, 26, 28, 31, GCSE Physics; The Complete 9-1 Course for AQA, CGP, AQA ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782946403/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782946403&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=32a0abb60dff015b15b50e9b1d7b4644 ''Kinetic energy stores; of particles, pages 34, 100, 104, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Physics, CGP, AQA ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945970/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945970&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a120d24dcc7cc7a58192069a3aafc1d2 ''Kinetic energy stores; of particles, pages 35, 110, 114, GCSE Physics; The Complete 9-1 Course for AQA, CGP, AQA ''] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====Edexcel==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120193/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120193&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=572df39392fb4200db8391d98ae6314e ''Kinetic energy (KE), pages 316, 323, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120223/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120223&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=068ecf40278c32406a7f1c6e66751417 ''Kinetic energy (KE), pages 34, 41, 156, 192, GCSE Physics, Pearson Edexcel ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948163/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948163&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=0fdbfd5dd397d6e24a9dfb250f08587f ''Kinetic energy stores, pages 61, 66, 200, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel ''] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====OCR==== | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945695/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945695&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ceafcc80bcad6b6754ee97a0c7ceea53 ''Kinetic energy stores, page 167, 202, 206, Gateway GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945687/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945687&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9a598e52189317a20311d7a632747bc9 ''Kinetic energy stores, pages 14, 32, 34, 82, 86, Gateway GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359837/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359837&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3c4229e8b023b2b60768e7ea2307cc6f ''Kinetic energy/store, pages 58-59, 192, 194-199, 285, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR ''] |
Latest revision as of 16:24, 13 December 2019
Contents
Key Stage 3
Meaning
The kinetic energy store is the energy store associated with moving objects.
About The Kinetic Energy Store
- The faster an object moves the more energy it has in its kinetic store.
- If two objects are moving at the same speed the one with more mass has more energy in the kinetic store.
Equation
The equation for kinetic energy written in words. |
The equation for kinetic energy written in symbols. |
Calculating Kinetic Energy
A 700kg formula one racing car has a top speed of 100m/s. Calculate the kinetic energy of the car to two significant figures. | A cheetah of mass 75kg runs at a speed of 32m/s. Calculate the kinetic energy of the cheetah correct to two significant figures. | A 160g cricket ball is hit at 44m/s. Calculate the kinetic energy of the cricket ball correct to two significant figures. |
1. State the known quantities
m = 700kg v = 100m/s |
1. State the known quantities
m = 75kg v = 32m/s |
1. State the known quantities
m = 160g min kilograms = \(\frac{160}{1000}\) m = 0.16kg v = 32m/s |
2. Substitute the numbers into the equation and solve.
\(E_k = \frac{1}{2} m v^2\) \(E_k = \frac{1}{2} \times 700 \times 100^2\) \(E_k = \frac{1}{2} \times 700 \times 10,000\) \(E_k = 3,500,000J\) |
2. Substitute the numbers into the equation and solve.
\(E_k = \frac{1}{2} m v^2\) \(E_k = \frac{1}{2} \times 75 \times 32^2\) \(E_k = \frac{1}{2} \times 75 \times 1024\) \(E_k = 38,400J\) \(E_k \approx 38000J\) |
2. Substitute the numbers into the equation and solve.
\(E_k = \frac{1}{2} m v^2\) \(E_k = \frac{1}{2} \times m \times v^2\) \(E_k = \frac{1}{2} \times 0.16 \times 44^2\) \(E_k = \frac{1}{2} \times 0.16 \times 1936\) \(E_k = 154.88J\) \(E_k \approx 150J\) |
Key Stage 4
Meaning
The kinetic energy store is the energy store associated with moving objects.
About Kinetic Energy
- Any moving object stores kinetic energy.
- The kinetic energy store of an object is related to two properties of the object:
- The mass of the object - The greater the mass the greater the kinetic energy stored.
- The speed or velocity of the object - The greater the speed the greater the kinetic energy stored.
Equation
NB: You must memorise this equation!
Kinetic Energy = 0.5 x (Mass) x (Speed)2
\(E_k = \frac{1}{2} m v^2\)
Where:
Ek = Kinetic Energy stored.
v = The speed or velocity of the object.
Calculating Kinetic Energy
A 700kg formula one racing car has a top speed of 100m/s. Calculate the kinetic energy of the car to two significant figures. | A cheetah of mass 75kg runs at a speed of 32m/s. Calculate the kinetic energy of the cheetah correct to two significant figures. | A 160g cricket ball is hit at 44m/s. Calculate the kinetic energy of the cricket ball correct to two significant figures. |
1. State the known quantities
m = 700kg v = 100m/s |
1. State the known quantities
m = 75kg v = 32m/s |
1. State the known quantities
m = 160g min kilograms = \(\frac{160}{1000}\) m = 0.16kg v = 32m/s |
2. Substitute the numbers into the equation and solve.
\(E_k = \frac{1}{2} m v^2\) \(E_k = \frac{1}{2} \times 700 \times 100^2\) \(E_k = \frac{1}{2} \times 700 \times 10,000\) \(E_k = 3,500,000J\) |
2. Substitute the numbers into the equation and solve.
\(E_k = \frac{1}{2} m v^2\) \(E_k = \frac{1}{2} \times 75 \times 32^2\) \(E_k = \frac{1}{2} \times 75 \times 1024\) \(E_k = 38,400J\) \(E_k \approx 38000J\) |
2. Substitute the numbers into the equation and solve.
\(E_k = \frac{1}{2} m v^2\) \(E_k = \frac{1}{2} \times m \times v^2\) \(E_k = \frac{1}{2} \times 0.16 \times 44^2\) \(E_k = \frac{1}{2} \times 0.16 \times 1936\) \(E_k = 154.88J\) \(E_k \approx 150J\) |
Calculating Velocity from Kinetic Energy
A 75kg person has a kinetic energy of 96J while while walking. Calculate their speed. | A bird of mass 2.4kg flies at a constant speed with a kinetic energy store of 1500J. Calculate the speed of the bird correct to two significant figures. | A 60g bullet has a kinetic energy store of 750J. Calculate the speed of the bullet correct to two significant figures. |
1. State the known quantities
Ek = 96J m = 75kg |
1. State the known quantities
Ek = 1500J m = 2.4kg |
1. State the known quantities
Ek = 750J m = 60g = 0.06kg |
2. Substitute the numbers and evaluate.
\(E_k = \frac{1}{2} m v^2\) \(96 = \frac{1}{2} \times 75 \times v^2\) \(96 = 37.5v^2\) |
2. Substitute the numbers and evaluate.
\(E_k = \frac{1}{2} m v^2\) \(1500 = \frac{1}{2} \times 2.4 \times v^2\) \(1500 = 1.2v^2\) |
2. Substitute the numbers and evaluate.
\(E_k = \frac{1}{2} m v^2\) \(750 = \frac{1}{2} \times 0.06 \times v^2\) \(750 = 0.03v^2\) |
3. Rearrange the equation and solve.
\(v^2 = \frac{96}{37.5}\) \(v = \sqrt{\frac{96}{37.5}}\) \(v = 1.6m/s\) |
3. Rearrange the equation and solve.
\(v^2 = \frac{1500}{1.2}\) \(v = \sqrt{\frac{1500}{1.2}}\) \(v = 35.35534m/s\) \(v \approx 35m/s\) |
3. Rearrange the equation and solve.
\(v^2 = \frac{750}{0.06}\) \(v = \sqrt{\frac{750}{0.06}}\) \(v = 158.1139m/s\) \(v \approx 160m/s\) |
References
AQA
- Kinetic energy stores, page 169, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA
- Kinetic energy stores, pages 11, 15, GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA
- Kinetic energy stores, pages 21, 25, 27, 30, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Physics, CGP, AQA
- Kinetic energy stores, pages 22, 26, 28, 31, GCSE Physics; The Complete 9-1 Course for AQA, CGP, AQA
- Kinetic energy stores; of particles, pages 34, 100, 104, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Physics, CGP, AQA
- Kinetic energy stores; of particles, pages 35, 110, 114, GCSE Physics; The Complete 9-1 Course for AQA, CGP, AQA
Edexcel
- Kinetic energy (KE), pages 316, 323, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel
- Kinetic energy (KE), pages 34, 41, 156, 192, GCSE Physics, Pearson Edexcel
- Kinetic energy stores, pages 61, 66, 200, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel