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→Ion Formation
: [[Transition Metal]]s can form several different [[Electrical Charge|charge]] [[ion]]s and these different [[Electrical Charge|charge]]s can determine the [[Physical Property|physical properties]] of the [[compound]]s they are in. Specifically this affects the [[colour]] of those [[compound]]s.
In [[compound]]s the [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of the [[Transition Metal]] [[ion]] is given in Roman Numerals after the name of the [[metal]]
*[[Copper (I) Sulphate]]: +1 [[Ion]] of [[Copper]] giving the [[compound]] a light green colour.*[[Copper (II) Sulphate]]: +2 [[Ion]] of [[Copper]] giving the [[compound]] a blue colour.*[[Manganese (II) Chloride]]: +2 [[Ion]] of [[Manganese]] giving the [[compound]] a pale pink colour.*[[Manganese (IV) Oxide]]: +4 [[Ion]] of [[Manganese]] giving it a very dark brown colour, often appearing black.*[[Iron (II) Sulphate]]: *2 [[Ion]] of [[Iron]] giving the [[compound]] a pale green colour.*[[Iron (III) Sulphate]]: *3 [[Ion]] of [[Iron]] giving the [[compound]] a redish-brown colour.
: Gem stones with various colours (red rubies, green emeralds, blue sapphires) get their colour from the [[Transition Metal]] [[ion]]s they contain.