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==Key Stage 4Foundation=====Meaning===[[Genetic Engineering]] is the process of directly altering the [[DNA]] of an [[organism]]. ===About Genetic Engineering===: In '''genetic engineering''' [[gene]]s which [[Coding DNA|code]] for the [[Protein Synthesis|synthesis]] of a specific [[protein]] can be taken from one [[organism]] and inserted into the [[DNA]] of another [[organism]].: '''Genetic engineering''' can be done within a single generation. It can also introduce characteristics to an [[organism]] which are unlikely to have been able to [[Evolution by Natural Selection|evolve]] naturally. ===Examples===*Insulin Production - Many people suffer from [[Diabetes]] and formerly the only way to get [[insulin]] was to drain the [[pancreas]] of dead pigs. The [[gene]] which [[Coding DNA|codes]] for the [[Protein Synthesis|synthesis]] of [[insulin]] can be removed from a [[human]] [[Cell (Biology)|cell]]. This [[gene]] is then inserted into the [[plasmid]] of a [[bacteria]]. The [[bacteria]] is then encouraged to [[Reproduction|reproduce]]. This new colony of [[bacteria]] [[Protein Synthesis|synthesise]] [[insulin]].*Golden Rice - Many people in emerging economies have diets which are poor in vitamin A. This can lead to blindness. The [[plant]] [[gene]] which [[Protein Synthesis|synthesises]] vitamin A is removed form one [[organism]] and inserted into the [[Cell (Biology)|cells]] of a young rice [[plant]]. This [[plant]] will then produce vitamin A preventing thousands of children from going blind every year. ==Key Stage 4 Higher==

*Insulin Production - Many people suffer from [[Diabetes]] and formerly the only way to get [[insulin]] was to drain the [[pancreas]] of dead pigs.The [[gene]] which [[Coding DNA|codes]] for the [[Protein Synthesis|synthesis]] of [[insulin]] can be removed from a [[human]] [[Cell (Biology)|cell]]. This [[gene]] is then inserted into the [[plasmid]] of a [[bacteria]]. The [[bacteria]] is then encouraged to [[Reproduction|reproduce]]. This new colony of [[bacteria]] [[Protein Synthesis|synthesise]] [[insulin]].