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(→‎Determining Baryon Composition)
(→‎About Baryons)
 
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===About Baryons===
 
===About Baryons===
−
: '''Baryons''' include:
+
*[[Baryon]]s are part of the larger family of [[particle]]s called [[hadron]]s, which are composed of [[quark]]s held together by the [[Strong Nuclear Interaction|strong force]].
−
:*[[Proton]] - A type of [[baryon]] with a [[mass]] of 1.67x10<sup>-27</sup> and a [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of 1.60x10<sup>-19</sup>, made of 2 [[Up-quark]]s and 1 [[Down-quark]].
+
*'''Baryons''' include:
−
:*[[Neutron]] - A type of [[baryon]] with a [[mass]] of 1.67x10<sup>-27</sup> and zero [[Electrical Charge|charge]], made of 2 [[Down-quark]]s and 1 [[Up-quark]].
+
**[[Proton]] - A type of [[baryon]] with a [[mass]] of 1.67x10<sup>-27</sup>kg and a [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of 1.60x10<sup>-19</sup> [[Coulomb]]s, made of 2 [[Up-quark]]s and 1 [[Down-quark]].
−
: There are many other [[baryon]]s made from different groups of [[quark]]s. However, these are unstable and exist only for very short periods of time before [[Radioactive Decay|decaying]] via the [[Weak Nuclear Interaction|weak nuclear interaction]] into other, most stable, [[Subatomic Particle|subatomic particles]].
+
**[[Neutron]] - A type of [[baryon]] with a [[mass]] of 1.67x10<sup>-27</sup>kg and zero [[Electrical Charge|charge]], made of 2 [[Down-quark]]s and 1 [[Up-quark]].
 +
*There are many other [[baryon]]s made from different groups of [[quark]]s. However, these are unstable and exist only for very short periods of time before [[Radioactive Decay|decaying]] via the [[Weak Nuclear Interaction|weak nuclear interaction]] into other, most stable, [[Subatomic Particle|subatomic particles]].
 
: '''Baryons''' are affected by the:
 
: '''Baryons''' are affected by the:
 
:*[[Strong Nuclear Interaction]]
 
:*[[Strong Nuclear Interaction]]
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:*[[Electromagnetic Interaction]]
 
:*[[Electromagnetic Interaction]]
 
:*[[Gravitational Interaction]]
 
:*[[Gravitational Interaction]]
 +
 +
{| border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse"
 +
| style="height:20px; width:100px; text-align:center;"|'''Baryon'''
 +
| style="height:20px; width:100px; text-align:center;"|'''[[Quark]]-composition'''
 +
| style="height:20px; width:100px; text-align:center;"|[[Electrical Charge|'''Charge''']]/[[Elementary Charge|e]]
 +
| style="height:20px; width:100px; text-align:center;"|'''[[Strangeness]]'''
 +
| style="height:20px; width:100px; text-align:center;"|'''[[Conservation of Baryon Number|Baryon Number]]'''
 +
| style="height:20px; width:100px; text-align:center;"|'''[[Conservation of Lepton Number|Lepton Number]]'''
 +
|-
 +
| style="height:20px; width:100px; text-align:center;"|
 +
[[Proton]]
 +
| style="height:20px; width:100px; text-align:center;"|<math>uud</math>
 +
| style="height:20px; width:100px; text-align:center;"|<math>Q=+1</math>
 +
| style="height:20px; width:100px; text-align:center;"|<math>S=0</math>
 +
| style="height:20px; width:100px; text-align:center;"|<math>B=+1</math>
 +
| style="height:20px; width:100px; text-align:center;"|<math>L=0</math>
 +
|-
 +
| style="height:20px; width:100px; text-align:center;"|
 +
[[neutron]]
 +
| style="height:20px; width:100px; text-align:center;"|<math>udd</math>
 +
| style="height:20px; width:100px; text-align:center;"|<math>Q=0</math>
 +
| style="height:20px; width:100px; text-align:center;"|<math>S=0</math>
 +
| style="height:20px; width:100px; text-align:center;"|<math>B=+1</math>
 +
| style="height:20px; width:100px; text-align:center;"|<math>L=0</math>
 +
|}
  
 
===Determining Baryon Composition===
 
===Determining Baryon Composition===
 
''NB: You only need to memorise the names and [[quark]] composition of the [[proton]] and the [[neutron]]. However, you should be able to determine the [[quark]] composition given the [[Electrical Charge|charge]] and [[strangeness]] of a given [[baryon]] and by remembering the properties of the [[up-quark]], [[down-quark]] and [[strange-quark]].''
 
''NB: You only need to memorise the names and [[quark]] composition of the [[proton]] and the [[neutron]]. However, you should be able to determine the [[quark]] composition given the [[Electrical Charge|charge]] and [[strangeness]] of a given [[baryon]] and by remembering the properties of the [[up-quark]], [[down-quark]] and [[strange-quark]].''
−
: '''Baryons''' can be shown in the following diagram:
+
: '''Baryons''' can be represented by the following diagram:
 
{| border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse"
 
{| border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse"
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
| style="height:20px; width:600px; text-align:center;" |The composition of these '''baryons''' can be determined given their [[Electrical Charge|charge]] and [[strangeness]].
 
| style="height:20px; width:600px; text-align:center;" |The composition of these '''baryons''' can be determined given their [[Electrical Charge|charge]] and [[strangeness]].
 +
|}
 +
 +
====Examples====
 +
{| border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse"
 +
|+ This table is for referencing the properties of the [[quark]]s.
 +
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;"|'''[[Quark]]'''
 +
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;"|[[Electrical Charge|'''Charge''']]/[[Elementary Charge|e]]
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;"|'''[[Strangeness]]'''
 +
|-
 +
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;"|
 +
[[Up-quark]]
 +
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;"|<math>q=+\frac{2}{3}</math>
 +
 +
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;"|<math>S=0</math>
 +
 +
|-
 +
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;"|
 +
[[Antiup-quark]]
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;"|<math>q=-\frac{2}{3}</math>
 +
 +
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;"|<math>S=0</math>
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 +
|-
 +
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;"|
 +
[[Down-quark]]
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;"|<math>q=-\frac{1}{3}</math>
 +
 +
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;"|<math>S=0</math>
 +
 +
|-
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;"|
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[[Antidown-quark]]
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;"|<math>q=+\frac{1}{3}</math>
 +
 +
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;"|<math>S=0</math>
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|-
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;"|
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[[Strange-quark]]
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;"|<math>q=-\frac{1}{3}</math>
 +
 +
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;"|<math>S=-1</math>
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 +
|-
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;"|
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[[Antistrange-quark]]
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;"|<math>q=+\frac{1}{3}</math>
 +
 +
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;"|<math>S=+1</math>
 +
|}
 +
 +
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{| class="wikitable"
 +
| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" |'''Determine the composition of the Σ<sup>+</sup>'''
 +
| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" |'''Determine the composition of the Ξ<sup>-</sup>'''
 +
|-
 +
| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:left;" |
 +
'''[[Strangeness]]'''
 +
 +
Σ<sup>+</sup> has a [[strangeness]] of -1, therefore it contains a [[strange-quark]].
 +
 +
'''[[Electrical Charge|Charge]]'''
 +
 +
<math>+1 = -\frac{1}{3} + x + y</math>
 +
 +
<math>+\frac{4}{3} =x + y</math>
 +
 +
Σ<sup>+</sup> has a [[Positive Charge|positive charge]]. This can be achieved with its [[strange-quark]] with a [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of <math>-\frac{1}{3}</math>[[Elementary Charge|e]] and two [[quark]]s with a charge of <math>+\frac{2}{3}</math>[[Elementary Charge|e]] (an pair of [[up-quark]]s).
 +
 +
Since <math>+1 = -\frac{1}{3} + \frac{2}{3} + \frac{2}{3}</math>
 +
 +
Therefore <math>Σ^+ = s + u + u</math>
 +
 +
Sigma Baryon = suu
 +
| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:left;" |
 +
'''[[Strangeness]]'''
 +
 +
Ξ<sup>-</sup> has a [[strangeness]] of -2, therefore it contains two [[strange-quark]]s.
 +
 +
'''[[Electrical Charge|Charge]]'''
 +
 +
<math>-1 = -\frac{1}{3} + -\frac{1}{3} + x</math>
 +
 +
Ξ<sup>-</sup> has a [[Negative Charge|negative charge]]. This can be achieved with its two [[strange-quark]]s with a [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of <math>-\frac{1}{3}</math>[[Elementary Charge|e]] each and another [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of <math>-\frac{1}{3}</math>[[Elementary Charge|e]] (a [[down-quark]]).
 +
 +
Since <math>-1 = -\frac{1}{3} + -\frac{1}{3} -\frac{1}{3}</math>
 +
 +
Therefore <math>Ξ^- = s + s + d</math>
 +
 +
Xi Baryon = ssd
 
|}
 
|}

Latest revision as of 12:14, 22 May 2024

Key Stage 5

Meaning

A baryon is a type of hadron made of three quarks.

About Baryons

Baryons are affected by the:
Baryon Quark-composition Charge/e Strangeness Baryon Number Lepton Number

Proton

\(uud\) \(Q=+1\) \(S=0\) \(B=+1\) \(L=0\)

neutron

\(udd\) \(Q=0\) \(S=0\) \(B=+1\) \(L=0\)

Determining Baryon Composition

NB: You only need to memorise the names and quark composition of the proton and the neutron. However, you should be able to determine the quark composition given the charge and strangeness of a given baryon and by remembering the properties of the up-quark, down-quark and strange-quark.

Baryons can be represented by the following diagram:
BaryonHexagon.png
The composition of these baryons can be determined given their charge and strangeness.

Examples

This table is for referencing the properties of the quarks.
Quark Charge/e Strangeness

Up-quark

\(q=+\frac{2}{3}\) \(S=0\)

Antiup-quark

\(q=-\frac{2}{3}\) \(S=0\)

Down-quark

\(q=-\frac{1}{3}\) \(S=0\)

Antidown-quark

\(q=+\frac{1}{3}\) \(S=0\)

Strange-quark

\(q=-\frac{1}{3}\) \(S=-1\)

Antistrange-quark

\(q=+\frac{1}{3}\) \(S=+1\)


Determine the composition of the Σ+ Determine the composition of the Ξ-

Strangeness

Σ+ has a strangeness of -1, therefore it contains a strange-quark.

Charge

\(+1 = -\frac{1}{3} + x + y\)

\(+\frac{4}{3} =x + y\)

Σ+ has a positive charge. This can be achieved with its strange-quark with a charge of \(-\frac{1}{3}\)e and two quarks with a charge of \(+\frac{2}{3}\)e (an pair of up-quarks).

Since \(+1 = -\frac{1}{3} + \frac{2}{3} + \frac{2}{3}\)

Therefore \(Σ^+ = s + u + u\)

Sigma Baryon = suu

Strangeness

Ξ- has a strangeness of -2, therefore it contains two strange-quarks.

Charge

\(-1 = -\frac{1}{3} + -\frac{1}{3} + x\)

Ξ- has a negative charge. This can be achieved with its two strange-quarks with a charge of \(-\frac{1}{3}\)e each and another charge of \(-\frac{1}{3}\)e (a down-quark).

Since \(-1 = -\frac{1}{3} + -\frac{1}{3} -\frac{1}{3}\)

Therefore \(Ξ^- = s + s + d\)

Xi Baryon = ssd

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