Difference between revisions of "Reactivity"
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*The shielding effect of inner [[electron]]s. | *The shielding effect of inner [[electron]]s. | ||
*Distance between the [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] and the [[Outer Shell|outer shell]]. | *Distance between the [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] and the [[Outer Shell|outer shell]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====Reactivity in Groups 1, 2 and 3==== | ||
| + | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |[[File:Group1ElectronShells.png|center|100px]] | ||
| + | |[[File:Group1ElectronShielding.png|center|100px]] | ||
| + | | style="height:20px; width:400px; text-align:left;" |In a [[Chemical Reaction|chemical reaction]] the [[electron]] in the [[Outer Shell|outer shell]] is lost. | ||
| + | |||
| + | The [[reactivity]] increases as you go down the group because: | ||
| + | *The outer [[electron]] is further away from the [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] with each additional [[Electron Orbital|electron shell]] making the [[force]] of [[attract]]ion weaker. This makes it easier for an [[atom]] to lose it's outer [[electron]]. | ||
| + | *Even though the [[charge]] of the [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] increases the outer [[electron]] is shielded from most of the [[Positive Charge|positive charge]] of the [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] by [[electron]]s in the [[Inner Shell|inner shells]]. | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====Reactivity in Group 7==== | ||
| + | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |[[File:Group7ElectronShells.png|center|100px]] | ||
| + | |[[File:Group7ElectronShielding.png|center|100px]] | ||
| + | | style="height:20px; width:400px; text-align:left;" |In a [[Chemical Reaction|chemical reaction]] an extra [[electron]] is added to the [[Outer Shell|outer shell]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | The [[reactivity]] decreases as you go down the group because: | ||
| + | *The outer [[electron]]s are further away from the [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] with each additional [[Electron Orbital|electron shell]] making the [[force]] of [[attract]]ion weaker. This makes it less able to gain an extra [[electron]]. | ||
| + | *Even though the [[charge]] of the [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] increases the outer [[electron]]s are shielded from most of the [[Positive Charge|positive charge]] of the [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] by [[electron]]s in the [[Inner Shell|inner shells]]. | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====Reactivity along Period 2==== | ||
Revision as of 16:24, 5 December 2018
Contents
Key Stage 4
Meaning
Reactivity is how vigorously a chemical will react.
About Reactivity
- Reactivity is determined by how easily an element can lose or gain electrons.
- Electrons are held in orbit around the nucleus because the electrons are negatively charged and are attracted to the nucleus which is positively charged.
- If an element loses electrons easily it is highly reactive.
- If an element gains electrons readily it is also highly reactive.
Three important factors affect reactivity of elements.
- The charge of the nucleus
- The shielding effect of inner electrons.
- Distance between the nucleus and the outer shell.
Reactivity in Groups 1, 2 and 3
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 |
In a chemical reaction the electron in the outer shell is lost.
The reactivity increases as you go down the group because:
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Reactivity in Group 7
 |
 |
In a chemical reaction an extra electron is added to the outer shell.
The reactivity decreases as you go down the group because:
|